iiirmi^^fir>:;0'^'-^V':
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
A « a +
Containing the
pictures i
ind biograph
ies of China's
best known political, financial.
business
and professional men.
ffl
^
a
I^
)Y
^
M
ic
9
^
^
cjj
18§
A
*
m
Third
Edition
Published by
THE CHINA WEEKLY REVIEW
SHANGHAI.
i
'^T m n ^ n !^ m ^! m ±
P5
PREFACE
This **Who's Who in China" does not contain the biographies
of all of the best men in the Republic of China, but it does attempt
to give the names of most of the hest known men in the country.
Persons familiar with China, upon glancing through this book
will say, "How did he get in?" Others will say, "Why is so-and-so
not included in a book of this kind?" We answer, both of these
questions by saying that we have done the best we could, knowing
that there may be names in the book which might have been
omitted and that there are many persons in China whose names
should have been included.
Practically all of these pictures and biographies have appeared
originally in the pages of the China Weekly Review during the
past eight years. We have tried to bring them all up to date, but
this has constituted a serious problem in view of the frequent
internal political changes which always play havoc with biographical
sketches. The civil war of September, 1924, forced the revision of
many of the biographies and delayed for several months the
publication of this volume.
"How did the publishers of the China Weekly Review
obtain these biographical sketches?" This is a question
which many will ask and a reply is in order: First, most of those
in official life were obtained from records in Peking and in this
connection we desire to acknowledge the services of Messrs. H. K.
Tong and William Stephen Wong of Peking and Tientsin. Then
about two years ago we advertised in the pages of the China
Weekly Review asking our readers to recommend the names of
persons in various parts of the country whose biographies should
be included in a book of this kind. This brought in a considerable
number, especially men who had achieved reputation in business
and the professions.
Then about a year ago, owing to the attention which has been
devoted to the Returned Students and their place in modern
Chinese Society, it was suggested that we include the names
and biographies of the alumni of Tsing Hua College of Pe-
king, otherwise the names and information regarding the
Chinese men and women who have studied in the United States
through the school in Peking which was established as a result of
the lirst remission of the American share of the China Boxer In-
demnity. This list was compiled by Mr. C. T. Tsai, Alumni
Secretary through the courtesy of Dr. Y. S. Tsao, President of the
institution.
We invite suggestions for the further improvement of this
book, especially corrections which should be made in the biograph-
ical sketches appearing in this volume, as well as the names of
persons which should be included in the next edition.
M. C. Powell, EiHtor
The China Weekly Review
Shanghai, June 1, 1925.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
i
1 District,
an school,
ie a clerk
gistrate in
energy to
the inven-
mown. In
established
ing Cham-
1 was held
nittee. In
irty which
government
affairs of
al Chamber
unding of
id its first
Mr. .
in 1868.
As a you
of the Ha
the Metro
the study
tion of P
1905 Mr.
by the B(
ber of Cc
in Nankin
October
toured Ja
called a
the count
of Comme
the Natio
Mr. An Ti-sheng
\n Ti-sheng was born at Hsiangho Hsien, Metropolitai
He received his Chinese education in the old Confuci
th he showed artistic ability. In 1902 Mr. An was ma
nlin Academy and in 1904 he became an expectant ma
politan District. He constantly devoted his time and
of the fine arts and among his accomplishments was
ao Hua silver enamel ware which has become well 1
An became a director of the Commercial Exhibit Hall
)ard of Commerce and was made a member of the Pek
mmerce. In the summer of 1910 a National Exhibitioi
g, and Mr. An was a member of the Executive comr
1911 he was a member of the Chinese Industrial Pj
pan. In 1912, the year of the Republic, the Peking g
national conference to discuss industrial and commercia
ry. Mr. An as representative of the Metropolitan Gener
rce attended the Conference which resulted in the fo
nal Association of the Chambers ot Commerce which he
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
conference in Peking in 1914. Mr. An represented the Metropolitan Gen-
eral Chamber of Commerce and was subsequently elected general secretary
of the Association's Peking office. Since the establishment of the Direc-
torate General of the Metropolitan Municipal Affairs, after the establishment
of the Republic, Mr. An served as a member of the committee on
Municipal Affairs. In 1914 he held the position of vice-president of the
Panama Exhibition Commission in Peking. In February 1918 Mr. An was
elected president of the Metropolitan General Chamber of Commerce and
in August 1918 he was elected a member of the Shun-Chih (Metropolitan
and Chihli) Provincial Assembly. In December 1918 he played an important
part in the association for the Promotion of Internal Peace, being Chief-
in-Charge of the General Affairs Department. In May 1919 when public
sentiment against the pro-Japanese Anfu party developed into a nation-
wide boycott of Japanese goods, Mr. An acted as leader of the industrial
and commercial interests participating. In 1922 he represented the Me-
tropolitan District at the Customs Tariff Revision Conference in Shanghai.
The Pao Hua silver enamel ware invented by Mr. An has largely supplanted
Japanese cloisonne in Peking. At present Japanese cloisonne has pratically
disappeared from the Peking market. There are now in Peking a large
number ot Poa Hua Silver Enamel Ware factories most of which were
founded by the inventor himself. President Feng Kuo-chang conferred
upon Mr. An the Fifth Order of Chiaho in May 1919; President Hsu Shih-
chang. the Fourth Order of Chiaho in January 1920 and the Third Order
of Chiaho in February 1922; and President Li Yuan-hung, the Second Order
of Chiaho in March 1923. Besides, Mr. An has received the Second Class
Medal of the Ministry of Finance which he has helped to tide oVer many
financial crises in Peking. He also has received the Second Class Medal of
the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce to which department he has
been an Advisor for several years; and that of the Second Class Medal of
the Ministry of Justice to which he has rendered assistance in the im-
provement of industrial establishments in connection with the Peking pen-
itentiaries. Mr. An held the presidency of the Metropolitan General Chamber
of Commerce for a time, being relieved in 1924.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Cha Liang-Chao
3£ H ^IJ ^ li ft
(Ch'a Liang-chao)
Mr. Cha Liang-chao was born in March 1896 in Tientsin, Chihli pro-
vince, his family being from Hainien, Chekiang. He was graduated from
Nankai Middle School, Tientsin, 1913, and from Tsing Hua Ck)llege, Peking,
1917. He wa^ a teacher in Tsing Hua Middle School Dept., 1917-18. Mr.
Cha went to the U. S. A. in August 1918, and attended Grinnell College,
Iowa, 1918-1919, University of Chicago, Chicago, 111. 1919-1920 where he
received the Degree, Ph. B., and the University of Chicago in June 1920.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
He lectured for the Ciiautauqua Association, Swarthmore, Pa. on Chinese
subjects in the summer of 1920. Mr. Cha attended Teachers' College, Co-
lumbia University, N. Y., in 1920-1922, and received the degree of M. A.
from Columbia University June 1921, doing research work in the Department
of Educational Administration. He was chairman of the executive com-
mittee of the Chinese Students' Committee on the Washington Conference,
during the Conference. Mr. Cha returned to China in July 1922 and became
professor of education in Peking Teachers College (Peking National Normal
University since July 1923) in August 1922. He was elected by the Faculty
Council as acting dean of studies in May 1923; Lecturer in the Summ,er
School of Nankai University Tientsin, 1923; and Director of the Institute
for the Application of Scientific Measurement on Education, under the au-
spices of the National Association for the Advancement of Education, Aug-
ust, 1923, with Dr. Wm. A. MoOall and Dr. T. T. Liew as lecturers. In
January 1924 Mr. Cha was appointed by President Fan Yuan-Lien as Pro-
fessor of Education and Dean of Studies by President Fan Yuan-Lien as
Professor of Education and Dean of Studies Association for the Advance-
ment of Education and author of the "Survey Educational Tests," published
by the Commercial Press, 1928.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Chai Chao-Iin
Mr. Chai Chao lin was born at Tientsin in 1870. He studied Civil
Engineering at the Pei Yang Military School, Tientsin and graduated in
1892 having specialized in railway engineering. From 1892 to 1896 Mr.
Chai was a student engineer in charge of the new construction and main-
tenance works of the Peking-Mukden Railway. From 1897 to 1899 Mr.
Chai was engaged in surveying and supervising the construction works of
the Lu-Pao Railway which later became the Lu Kou Chiao-Paoting Fu
section of the Peking-Hankow Railway. From 1900 to 1905 Mr. Chai was
assistant engineer supervising the construction and maintenance of way
and structure of the Peking-Mukden Railway outside the Great Wall. From
190() to 1916 Mr. Chai was first assistant, then resident and last dist/rict
engineer of the Peking- Suiyuan Line which was then being constructed.
As district engineer, Mr. Chai held the concurrent position of locomotive
superintendent. Mr. Chai became chief engineer of the Peking-Suiyuan
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Line in 1917 and in 1920 when the two railways, the Peking- Suiyuan and
the Peking-Hankow, were amalgamated, Mr. Chai became chief engineer of
the Peking-Hankow-Suiyuan Railway. He retained the position of chief
engineer of the Peking-Suiyuan Railway when it was later separated from
the Peking-Hankow after the downfall of the Anfu Party which had been
responsible for the aforementioned amalgamation. In 1921 Mr. Chai was
appointed consulting engineer of the Peking-Suiyuan Railway. From De-
cember 1921 to date, Mr. Chai has been holding the position of chief en-
gineer of the Northern Section of the Tientsin-Pukow Railway. Mr. Chai
has been awarded by the Chinese government the Third Order of Chai Ho.
His present address is Engineering Department, Tientsin-Pukow Adminis-
tration, Tientsin.
oe
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Chang Ch'a
Mr. Chang Cha was born at Nantungchow, Kiangsu, in 1848. He was
educated in the old Chinese school. He took a great interest in business
when the value of commerce to the nation was not so well aj^preciatied as
at the present time. He devoted his early life to business and his leisure to
scholastic work. At the age of thirty, he served under- General Wu Chang-
ching in the capacity of secretary. Upon General Wu's recommendation,
he was promoted by the Peking government to the rank of Magistrate, and
was ordered to proceed to Kiangii Province as a candidate. In Kiangsi he
held two offices. He was appointed first as Magistrate for Yi-Chun and
later as magistrate for Kwei-Chi. When his brother Mr. Chang Chien or-
ganized the present Dah San cotton mill, he was requested to come back to
assist in this important undertaking. Since then he has been devoting his
whole energy to the development of Nantungchow industrially as well as
educationally. When Revolution broke out in 1911 the civil and military
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
oiRcers of Nantungchow were at a loss to handle the situation. The people
elected Mr. Chang Cha as the provisionary civil governor of the city and
also as commander-in-chief to maintain order. Mr. Chang Cha handled the
situation with great success, and Nantungchow passed the storm without
loss of life or property. When the country was re-united under one Re-
publican government, Mr. Chang Cha at once relinquished the posts as com-
mander-in-chief and civil governor and again retired to industrial life.
Whenever Mr. Chang Chien puts forward a new industry, or establishes an
educational or a charitable institution, Mr. Chang Cha always lends a helpful
hand. Hence every organization and every institution claims his service.
Mr. Chang Cha has been vice-president of the following mills, Dah San
Cotton Mil, Chung Ming Dah San Cotton Mill, Kwong Sung Oil Mill and Fu
Sing Flour Mill; President of the following schools: Textile College, Com-
mercial School and Medical School; Managing-Director of the following
land reclamation companies: Dah Yu Tsing Co., Da Yu Co., Da La Co.,
Dah Fong Co., and Dah Kong Co., Honorable President of the Girl's Normal
School, Nantung; President of the Foundling Hospital at Fan Cha; Presi-
dent of the Chamber of Commerce Tung Chung Hai Tai and Farmiers'
Union Association; President of Nantung Shore Protection Institute and
Nantung Conservancy Society. Several of these he is still holding. In
February 1920 Mr. Chang was awarded by the government the Second Order
of Chiaho decoration. In March 1923 he was given the Fifth Order of
merit.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Chang Nieh-yun
(Chang Chi-ying)
Mr. Chang Nieh-yun was born at Hsin An Hsien, Kuangtimg Province,
in 1877. He studied English in Eongkong in the Governnijent Central
School (later the Victoria College) and finished his preparatory education
in the Shanghai Public School under the principalship of the late Mr.
George Lanning. Mr. Chang then studied law in the Soochow University
Law School and graduated in the first class of 1899. After serving m
the Chinese Customs Service and as Translator in one of the foreign
consulates, the Shanghai Mercury, Universal Gazetjte, Sin Wan Pao and
other papers, in 1902. In 1907 Mr. Chang assisted Dr. W. London
and China Syndicate in 1902. In 1907 Mr. Chang assisted Dr. W.
W. Yen as sub-editor of the Nanfangpao. From, 1907 he served as
interpreter and translator to Mr. W. V. Drummsond, Law Officer to the
10 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Viceroy at Nanking and Taotai of Shanghai. He was admitted to practise
in the Mixed Court as a Chinese attorney in 1919. For 11 years he served
in the Chinese Company, Shanghai Volunteer Corps, as Translator Sergeant.
Some of his present positions include: Advisor to the Chinese General
Chamber of Commerce, Shangahi, Chinese Red Cross Society, Chapei Bureau
of Works and Taxes, Anti-Kidnapping Society, and Commissioner of For-
eign Affairs, Kiangsu, Councillor to General Lu Yung-hsiang of Chekiang
and Chief Commander of the Chinese Navy, Director of Foreign Affairs,
Chapei Fire Brigades Association; Member of Chinese Education Committee
and General Educational Commisaion, 1922, Shanghai Municipal Council.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
11
Mr. Chang Kia-ngau
(Chang Chia-ao)
Mr. Chang Kia-ngau was born at Paoshan Hsien, Kiangsu, in 1888. At
the age of thirteen, he studied in the School of Foreign Languages which
was located in the Kiangnan Arsenal and in which, Lu Chwang-isiang,
Chinese Minister to Switzerland and Liu Ching-jen, former Chinese Minis-
ter to Russia, also received their education. After studying three years
in that institution Mr. Chang entered the Politique School in Peking,
where he studied for one year and a half. In recognition of his scholar-
ship, he was sent by the school to Japan to pursue a higher education.
12 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
While in Japan Mr. Chang studied economics at the Keio University. After
the completion of his courses, he returned to China aud joined the Board
of CommunicationiS as a senior clerk. When the first revolution broke
out, he went to Shanghai and actively participated in politics. In the
first year of the Republic, Mr. Chang was appointed Secretary to the
Military Governor of Chekiang, late General Chu Jui. When the formal
Parliament met before the second revolution in 1913, he was made the
Chief Secretary of the Senate. After the dissolution of Parliament by the
late President Yuan Shih-kai, Mr. Chang joined the Bank of China. Subse-
quently he was appointed vice-manager of the Shanghai branch. Since
1914 Mr. Chang has been in the service of that Bank. During the third
revolution against the monarchical movement of Yuan Shih-kai in 1915,
the government proposed the suspension of specie payment. Mr. Chang
strongly objected to the proposal, but as he could not change the decision
of the government in this matter, he redeemed all the Shanghai notes of
the Bank of China with silver dollars. In the autumn of 1917 when Liang
Ghi-ohiao was appointed Minister of Finance, he invited Mr. Chang to
become the vice-governor of the Bank of China, which offer he accepted.
He was elected a member of the board of directors by the shareholders at
the beginning of 1919, and was also re-appointed vice-governor. In June
1922 he was again re^-elected Vice-Governor of the Bank, which position
he is still holding. In July 1922, he was appointed a member of all China
Finance Discussion Commission. Mr. Chang is a Chinese scholar, like his
brother, Carson Chang. He knows English and Japanese and speaks some
French .
..•jc
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
13
Dr. Carson Chang
(Chang Chia-shen)
Dr. Carson Chang was born at Chia-ting Hsien, Kiangsu Province, in
1886. His native district is Pao-shan Hsien, Kiangsu. Dr. Chang receiv-
ed his middle school education from the Institute of Modern Languages,
Shangliai. He went to Japan in 1904 and graduated from the Waseda
University, Tokyo, in 1909, having taken the Political Science Course. Upon
returning to China, he attended the Imperial Examination for returned
students and was subsequently made a Han Lin Compiler or Compiler of the
College o f Literature, a degree equivalent to Ph. D. After the outbreak
of the first revolution in October 1911, Dr. Chang resigned from the Han
Lin post and became editor-in-chief of the Peking-Tientsin Shih Pao,
Tientsin. In 1912, immediately after the establishment of the Republic,
14 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Chang was appointed a secretary of the Ministry of Industry and Com-
merce. From this position he soon resigned to become the editor of the
Young Nation and also assistant editor of the Justice of which Mr.
Liang Chi-chiao was the founder and chief editor. In 1913 Dr. Chang
went to Germany and there studied in Berlin University. He spent almost
a year in England doing research work in Political Science before he re-
turned to China in April 1916. Subsequently, Dr. Chang was appointed
chief of the Foreign Affairs Bureau at Hangchow, Chekiang Province. He
had not held this position long when he became general manager of the
China Times, Shanghai. The present work of Dr. Chang is that of a
writer. He has been elected president of the Institute of Self- Government
in Kiangsu. He is planning to take a trip in October this year to America
to engage several professors for his Institute. Dr. Chang' is the author of
many standard works among which are Draft for the Chinese Constitu-
tion, Social Democracy in New Germany and many philosophical articles.
His present address is No. 37, Moulmein Road, Shanghai.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
15
Mr. Chang Chien
Mr. Chang Chien was born at Tungchow, Kiangsu, in 1853. After
years of hard labor, he has succeeded in transforming his wretched birth-
place into a modern industrial town where there are no beggars. Mr.
Chang is a noted Hanlin scholar (Optimus) but in the Ching dynasty-
declined to take any executive office, except that of Adviser to the
Board of Commerce in 1904, in order to devote his energies to the
fostering of industry and commerce. When Chang Chih-tung was viceroy
of Liang Kiang Provinces, he appointed Chang Chien to organize a spin-
ning and weaving mill, the capitalization of which was Tls. 1,000,000. This
mission was carried out with success. Later he organized the Fuhsin
16 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Flour Mill, the Kwangsheng Oil Mill, the Tse-sheng Iron Works, the Foush-
eng Silk Filature, and the Ta Teh Steam Navigation Co. The next mission
with which Chang Chien was entrusted by Viceroy Chang Chih-tung was
the organization of four mills at Wuchang, namely, one weaving mill, one
spinning mill, one hemp mill and one silk filature. It was undertaken
with equal success. Other industrial projects he initiated were the coloniza-
tion of Manchuria by poor people, the Huai River conservancy, and the
formation of Sino-American industrial enterprises. In 1908 Chang Chien
was elected chairman of the Kiangsu Provincial Assembly. In October of
1911 when the first revolution broke out in Wuchang, he was elected
Kiangsu governor. At the same time Yuan Shih-kai, the late President, who
was then Imperial Prime Minister, appointed him Pacification Commissioner
for Kiangsu. Shortly afterwards, he was appointed Imperial Minister of
Commerce. Upon the establishment of the Provisional Republican govern-
ment in Nanking after the revolution Chang Chien was made the first
Minister of Industry and ordered to control salt affairs concurrently. On
March 13, 1913, Mr. Chang was appointed director-General of the Huai River
Conservancy Board. In September 1913, when Hsiung Hsi -lin organized
the Cabinet, Mr. Chang was appointed Minister of Industry and Commerce
and concurrently Minister of Agriculture and Forestry. In December
he founded the National Consei'vancy Bureau and was appointed
concurrently to hold the position of its Director-General. In the same
month the two aformentioned ministries were amalgamated and became the
Ministei of Agriculture and Commerce with Mr. Chang as Mi'nister.
The late President Yuan after havinj^ made himself Emperor of China,
made Ching Chien one of his "Four Friends of Sung shan." Since his retire-
ment from Peking, Mr. Chang devotel himself to commercial enter-
prises at Nantungchow and conservancy works in his native proVince.
In May 1919 the Peking government upon the recommendation of Mr.
Chang approved of the organization of the Kiangsu Grand Canal Improve-
ment Board and appointed him the Director-General; in January 1920.
Mr. Chang was conferred the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho Decora-
tion. In November he was appointed director general of the Woosung Port
Construction Board; December 1921, Mr. Chang was given the director-
generalship of the Bureau for the Construction of a New Canal for the
Five Seacoast District; January 1922, Mr. Chang was appointed vice-
president of the Yangtsu River Commission; June 1922, he was elected
president of the Bank of Communications. Mr. Chang wields great influence
among the literati and modern Chinese merchants and industrial leaders.
The First Order of Merit by Presidei-t Li Yuan-hung in recognition of
his services rendered in connection with conservancy work. In January
1923 Mr. Chang was appointed by the Peking government a member of the
Educational Sinking Funds Commission. Mr. Chang is holding all these
positions given to him since May 1919. Mr. Chang wields great influence
among the literati as well as among modern Chinese merchants and industrial
leaders. He is also the author of many standard works on Chinese
literature and arts.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
17
Mr. Tsang Chan-vung
(Chang Chien-wen)
Mr. Tsang Chang-vung, was born in Shaohing, Chekiang, in 1869. He
gained his early education as well as his later legal education through
private study. After serving in different capacities Mr. Tsang was in 1920
made assistant magistrate of the International Mixed Court, and has since
that time become well known with the members of the Shanghai Bar — Am-
erican, British, Chinese, French, Russian, Japanese, and Portuguese, who
have had the privilege of practising before him. Mr. Tsang's name has
been enrolled in the Cabinet office as an official awaiting appointment and
he has received from the government the Fourth Class Order of the Chiaho
(Excellent Crop) and the Sixth Class Order of the Wenfu (Literary Tiger).
18
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Chang Ch'ih-t'an
a i£ ?i ^ 35 ffl
Mr. Chang Chih-t'an was born in 1S83 at T'engjen Hsien in the pro-
vince of Chihli. He received a thorough education in Chinese literature and
classics and when he was a mere youth was successful in government examin-
ations during the Ching regime and got the degree of Chu-jen, equivalent
to the present college degree of Master of Arts ir. 1904. Mr. Chang started
his official career as a senior secretary of the Board of the Army. Later
he was transferred to the Board of Civil Affairs and held the same ranTjj.
When the former President Hsu Shih-Chang was Viceroy of the Three
Eastern Provinces, he made Mr. Chang his special attache. Subsequently,
Viceroy Hsu promoted Mr. Chang to be the councillor of the Military
Training Bureau of the Three Eastern Provinces. Mr. Chang was given the
concurrent position of the Co-Director of the Frontier Affairs Bureau of
the Kirin Province. After the establishment of the Republic in 1911, Mr.
Chang became secretary to President Yuan Shih-kai. In July 1914 he was
appointed Taoyin of the Shuiyuan Frontier which position he did not hold
long before he was recalled to Peking where he was appointed secretary
of the Cabinet which was then headed by Marshal Tuan. In January 1917,
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 19
Mr. Chang was appointed Vice-Minister of the Interior. Subsequently he
was ordered to take charge of the affairs of the same Ministry. While
serving as Vice-Minister of the Interior he was concurrently holding the
position of the director-general of the Metropolitan Municipal Bureau.
In March 1918 when Marshal Tuan was appointed the Prime Minister
for the third time, Mr. Chang was chosen to head the secretariat of the
Cabinet. In the War Participation oiTice of which Marshal Tuan was the
director-general, Mr. Chang was the Chief of the Confidential Documents
Bureau. In January 1919 Mr. Chang was appointed acting Vice-Minister
of War with rank of Lt. General. In December he was decorated with the First
with rank of Lt. General. In December he was decorated with the First
Class Tashou Chiaho Order. In January he was given the Fourth Order
of Merit for war work. After the downfall of the Anfu Club and upon
reinstitution of General Chin Yun-peng m August, 1920, General Chang was
appointed Director General of Metropo]ita?i Municipal administration. At
this time he was also Acting Minister of the Interior. In October 1920
he was appointed Director General of Grovernment Famine Relief Bureau,
and had conferred on him the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho Decora-
tion. In May 1921 General Chang was transferred from the position of Acting
Minister of the Interior to that of Mini&ter of CommlinicatioTis upon the
reorganization of General Chin's Cabinet, leaving that post in December
1921. Since 1922, General Chang has been interested in the construction
of the street car system in Peking and is now president of the Peking
Tram Car Company. In June 1924, General Chang was appointed vice-
president of the Financial Reorganization Commission.
^
20
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Changr Kin-fan
Chang Ching-fan
Mr. Chang King-fan was born at Taipuhsien, Kwantung province in
1890 and received his primary education at home. Later he studied at the
International Institute at Shanghai, the Anglo-Chinese College, Foochowi,
and at Tsinghua College, Peking. He then entered the Colorado School of
Mines, Boulder, Colorado, U. S. A., where he studied from 1911 to 1913.
Later he studied at Lehigh University in 1913-15, where he was graduated
with the degree of M. E. in 1915. He also took short courses at the Arm-
our Institute of Technology. He returned to China in 1915 and was
appointed surveyor and engineer of the Light Railway Company, Chao-
chow. In 1915-16; assistant engineer. Kiutung Antimony Company, Yi-
yang, Hunan, 1916-17 — ; engineering contractor for samt company, 1917;
and prospecting engineer for private interests along the Yangtsze River,
1918. Since 1918 he has been serving as engineer-in-chief and manager
of the mines of the Liuchang Coal Mining and Railroad Company',
Ohinwangtao.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
21
General Chang Ching-hui
General Chang Ching-hui was born in 1873 at Tanan, Fengtien, and
brought up at a place which was thickly infested with a class of highway-
men called "Hunghutzu." The environment much influenced him and he
soon became a leader commanding thousands of those persons. He showed
bravery in many encounters with government troops. Later, together
with General Chang Tso-lin, General Chang surrendered to the authorities
and became an officer of the government army. While serving in the Man-
churian Army, he enrolled himself as a student of the Military Academy
22 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
where he graduated after a few years. The first military rank he received
froin the Republican government was that of a Colonel in the Infantry.
He was commander of the 105fh Regiment of the 27\th Division, and later
became that of the 28th Cavalry Regiment. Shortly afterwards he was
transferred to the command of the 27th Cavalry Regiment. Third Class
Chiaho and Fourth Class Paokuang Chiaho were the decorations conferred
upon General Chang in the first few years of the Republic. In 1916 he
was made a Major General. In December 1917 General Chang was promoted
to be the Commander of the Fifty-Third Brigade of the Twenfcy-SeJventh
Division. A year later he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-General.
In 1919 General Chang was promoted to be Commander of the Twenty-
Seventh Division. In December 1919 he was conferred the Fifth Order of
Merit. In June 1920 he was appointed Commanding General of the Chinese
Eastern Railway Defence Force.
Upon the outbreak of the Chihli-Anfu War, General Chang sent the
First Division of the Fengtien Provincial Army which was under his com-
mand into Shanhaikuan to side with Chibli. In September 1920, when the
war was over, he was appointed by the Peking government the Tutung
(Civil & Military Governor) of Charhar and concurrently the Commander
of the 16th Division of the National Anny and was also given the brevet
rank of Full General. A month later, he was given the Third Order of
Merit. In November 1920 General Chang was appointed Commander-in-Chief
of the Forces for the defence of Urga against the pending' attack by re-
actionary Russians. Through his negligence Urga finally fell into the
hands of the enemy. This however, did not affect his position and he held
the Tutungship until May 1922 when he participated in the Chihli-Feng-
tien conflct and was defeated by Wu Pei-fu's forces at Changsintien.
Since that time. General Chang has been devoting himself to bring-
ing the two contending parties to friendly terms again. In Aprii 1922,
he was conferred the First Order of Wenfu. In February 1924, General
Chang was appointed director-general of the National Highway Prepar-
ation Bureau.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
23
General Chang Ching-yao
General Chang Ching-yao was born at Huo-Ch'iu Hsien, Anhui Pro-
vince, in 1881. He attended the Military Academy at Paotingfu in his
early youth. His military career before the first revolution in 1911 was
none too promising. But after the establishment of the Republic of
China, he was promoted from one rank to another with rapidity.
From the position of a non-commissioned officer, General Chang was
promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-General in August 1913 and given
the brevet rank of Major-General in August 1914. During that period, he
commanded the Second Regiment of the Eleventh Brigade of the Sixth
Division. A little later he was promoted to be Commander of the Third
Mixed Brigade, and at the same time was appointed Garrison Commander
24 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
at Nanchang, Kiangsi. Shortly afterward he was promoted to be Commander
of the Seventh Division. For a time he made his headquarters at Kai-
feng, Honan, where he fought the White Wolf brigands. In 1917, Chang
Hsun restored BLsuan Tung, former Manchu Emperor, to his throne. The
Emperor appointed General Chang Ching-yao, Commander-in-chief of the
Yang-tze Inland Navy. The first message of congratulations on the re-
establishment of the monarchy was despatched by General Chang. Through
the influence of Marshal Tuan, General Chang was allowed to retain his
post after the failure of the Manchu restoration. In July 1917, General
Chang was appointed Commissioner for the Extirpation of bandits at the
boundary of Kiangsu, Anhwei, Shantung and Honan. In October 1917 he
was appointed Tutung (Military and Civil Governor) of Charhar. Concur-
rently he retained the Command of the Seventh Division. Upon the com-
mencement of hostilities between North and South China, he was sent by
the Peking government to Hunan as Comni,ander of the rear troops. Shortly
afterwards, Changsha was lost to the South. General Wu Pei-fu's troops
recaptured it but General Chang got the credit for this victory and was
appointed Military Governor of Hunan. This unjust treatment of General
Wu called forth much criticism from the people and was somewhat res-
ponsible for the final withdrawal of General Wu's troops, from the Hunan
front. As a result of the withdrawal of General Wu's troops, General Tan
Ye-kai, southern Commander, advanced and expelled General Chang from
Hunan in May 1920. General Chang became a refugee in a foreign
concession at Hankow. He was officially removed from the Military Gover-
norship of Hunan on June 29, 1920. He was pardoned in December 1923.
«^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
25
General Chang Fu-iai
General Chang Fu-lai was born at Chiaho Hsien, Chihli province, in
1871. He received a military education from a Military Academy in
North China and started upon his militaiy career as a common soldier.
He has been in Marshal Tsao Kun's camp for more than thirty years during
which period he has been promoted through various ranks. His name was
not very well known until November 1917 when he was appointed Com-
mander of the Sixth Brigade of the Third Diviaion of the National Army,
26 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
the Commander of the Fifth Brigade at that time being General Wu Pei-f u.
At that time his military rank was Major General. In October 1919 Gen-
eral Chang received the Fourth Class Paokaang Chiaho Decoiration. A
year later he received the Second Class Chiaho Decoration. About the
same time he was appointed the Commander of the Twenty-Fourth Division.
In October 1921 General Chang was made a liioutonant General. In July
1922 he was awarded the Chiangchun with an honorable title of the two
words "Chin Wei." In October 1922 General Chang was appointed Com-
missioner for Military Affairs in Honan Province to succeed former Tuchun
General Feng Yu-hsiang who had been promoted to be the All China High
Military Inspector following the abolition of the Tuchunship in Honan.
General Chang is still commanding the Twenty Fourth Division. In
November 1922 General Chang received from the Peking Government
the Fourth Order of Merit and about the same time was decorated
with the First Class Wenfu Order. In April 1923 General Chang was
given the brevet rank of General. In March 1924, General Chang was re-
moved from the command of the Twenty-fourth Division, when all military
governors were removed from division commands. The following month
he received a concurrent post as co-director of motor road construction
in the northern provinces, of which General Wu Pei-fu was director-Gen-
eral. In June 1924, General Chang was made a full General. He is still
commissioner for military affairs of Honan.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
11
Mr. Chang Fu-Yun
Mr. Chang Fu-Yun was born in 1890 in Fu Shan Hsien, Shantung, and
studied in the Shih Yi Academy, Chefoo, and in Tsing Hua College, Pek-
ing. He waa graduated in 1914 from Harvard College with the degree of
of A. B. GU7n laude ; in 1917 from the Harvard Law School with the degree
of LL. B., and while in school was a member of the Diplomatic Club of
Haivard University, and president of the Chinese Students Alliance in the
U. S. A., 1917-1918. Upon his return to China he joined the Ministry of
B^reign Affairs in 1918, and also served as lecturer in International Law
in the Peking Government University. He was Secretary of the Chinese
28 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
High Commission in Siberia, 1919-1920, and served as secretary to the
Chinese Delegation to the Washington Conference 1921-22. Upon his re-
turn he became director of the Marine Department of the Ministry of Com-
munications, 1922-1923, in which capacity he advocated and took part in
the drafting of marine laws for China. He has been President of the Un-
iversity of Communications since 1923, and has received the 2nd Class Ta
Shou Paokuang Chia Ho Decoration.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
29
General Chang Hsi-yuan
General Chang Hsi-yuan was born at Miyun Hsien, Metropolitan District
of Peking in 1870. He attended school and graduated from the Shanhaikuan
Military College. Under the Ching Regime, he served in the army
through various ranks and for a time was Commander of the 58th Regiment
of the Honan Provincial Army. Afterwards he was promoted to be Com-
mander of the Twenty-Ninth Mixed Brigade. After the establishment of
the Republic in 1912, General Chang was appointed Commander of the Ninth
Division of the Honan Army. In December 1912 he was made a Lieutenant
30 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General, and subsequently was appointed Commander of the First Brigade
of the metropolitan defence force. This position he held until December
1917 when he was Commander of the Fourth Mixed Brigade of the National
Army. At the same time he was appointed Defence Commissioner of
Tung Kuan, of the boundary between Shensi and Honan. While at Tung
Kuan, General Chang held concurrently the position of Assistant Command-
er of the Forces for the extermination of brigands in Shensi and also
that of commander of troops for the preservation of order in the far west
district. In May 1922, after the defeat of the Fengtien Forces by Chihli
Troops he was appointed Tutung, Civil and Military Commissioner of the
Charhar Special Area to succeed General Chang Ching-hui, a Fengtien
General. In September 1922 General Chang was created a Chiang-chun with
the title of "Hsi Wei." In October of the same year he was awarded the
Third Order of Merit. In April 1923 the First Class Wenfu Decoration
was conferred upon General Chang, the highest civil honor he had held
previously being the First Class Tashou Chiaho Decoration. General Chang
was confirmed as Tutung of Charhar in July 1924.
fe^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
31
Mr. Ziangling Chang
(Chang Hsiang-lin)
Mr. Ziangling Chang was born at Shanghai in 1880. He received his
early education at St. John's College of Shanghai and later went to
America and studied for a short period at Columbia University. After
graduation, Mr. Chang took up journalistic work at Shanghai. In 1913
he joined the Peking Daily News, at that time the only English paper
32 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
at Peking edited and managed by Chinese. Mr. Chang was connected
with the News in the capacity 'of assistant editor for more than one year.
In 1914 Mr. Chang joined the News and Translation Bureau of the
Heiung Hsi-lin Cabinet and was in charge lof the foreign section. Later
this Bureau was transferred to the Ministry »of Foreign Affairs and Mr.
Chang was invited to continue his service which he did. For sometime
he worked under Dr. Wellington Koo, at (that time Councillor of the Min-
istry and Director of the Bureau. In the spring 1916 Mr. Chang returneid
to China upon the death of his mother and later returned to the Translation
Bureau of the Foreign Office. For a time he served as a member of the
Commission for the Study of Politiical Affairs called by the late Presideoit
Yuan Shih-kai. In 1917 Mr. Chang was appointed a Secretary of the
Cabinet. During the next two years, he held various positions, among them
being associate councillor of the Ministry of the Interior, secretary of the
bureau for the Custody of Ememy Property, associate secretary of the
Ministry of Communications, councillor of the Commission for the Reunifica-
tion and Reorganization of China, member of the Commission for the Study
of Foreign Affairs in the Cabinet, member of the Diplomatic CommissiiOn
during the World War, and member of the Famine Relief Burea\i.
In March 1919 Mr. Chang was decorated with the Fourth Order of
Wenfu. In June 1919 he ^vas conferred the F'ourth Order of Chiaho. In
January 1920 he received the Third Order of Chiaho. In September 1920
he was appointed assistant chief of the Foreign Affairs Investigating"'
Bureau of Waichiaopu. In November 1920 he was appointed assistant dir-
ector of the Translation Bureau, and acting director in 1921. In September
1921 he was conferred the Second Order of Tashou Chiaho. In the same
month he was appointed Secretary to the Chinese Delegation to the
Washington Conference. In May 1922 Mr. Chang was conferred the Second
Order of Paokuang Chiaho. In December 1922 he was appointed Consul-
General at New York which position he is stiU holding. Mr. Chang is a
Member of the American Society of International Law, Washington. D. C,
of the Chinese Social and Political Science Association, and of the Chinese-
American Association, Peking.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
33
Mr. Chang Hsiang-wen
Mr. Chang Hsiang-wen was born at Szuyang Hsien, Kiangsu Province,
in 1866, and was a member of a very poor family. In his youth he studied
the Chinese Literature and Classics, but did not distinguish himself in
the competitive examinations under the Ching Regime. Later he took up
the study of science and made himself an authority on the geograp'hy of
China. For a period of twenty years he taught school while privately
doing research work. During this time he published several books on
Physical Geography and the Geographical History of China. Between 1905
and 1911 Mr. Chang taught in several schools and colleges in Tientsin
At that time two persons in China were considered authorities on Chinese
Geography based on the modern method of study, one being Mr. Chang and
34 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
the other Mr. Pai Ya-yu, a revolutionist who was killed in 1911 at Lan-
chow, Chihli. by General Wang Huai-ch'ing who was then commander of
government troops stationed there. In 1908 Mr. Chang organized the
Chinese Geographical Institution in Tientsin and was elected its President.
Since its organization a monthly journal called "The Geographical Ma-
gazine" has been published. After the establishment of the Republic, Mr.
Chang was elected a member of the House of Represeoitatives of the First
Parliament. When in January 1914 Parliament was dissolved by Yuan Shih-
kai, Mr. Chang immediately started on an extensive expedition over the
northwestern part of China. He discovered the original site of the Great
Wall and located the tomb of Jenghiz Khan and wrote a series of articles on
his discoveries and travel for the Journal of the Institution and other mag-
azines. In June 1916 Mr. Chang returned to Peking when the old Parliament
was reconvoked by President Li Yuan-hung. When it was for the second
time dissolved in June 1917, Mr. Chang proceeded to Canton with other
parliamentarians to establish the "Extraordinary Parliament" and join
southern leaders. This gave him a chance to travel practically over all
the Southwestern provinces. Since that time he has devoted most of his
time to writing on various subjects, particularly on morals and religions.
In June 1922 the old Parliament was for the third time reconvened
by President Li Yuan-hung who had reassumed the office of Chief Execu-
tive, and Mr. Chang again became an M.P. Mr. Chang strongly believes
in Buddhist teachings and has been a vegetarian for many years. He is still
writing for the Chinese Geographical Magazine and is the President of
the Chinese Geographical Institution.
*^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
35
Mr. Chang Chien, Junior
Mr. Chang Chien, Jr. was born at Chanlucheng, Nantungchow, He
received his early education in the grammar school at Nantungchow. At
the age of 17 he joined Tsingtao University. In 1917 he went to America
and studied Commercial Science in the Arnhold Business College where he
later graduated with the degree of B. C. S. Upon his return to China, Mr.
Chang was elected a member of the Special Committee of the Chamber of
Commerce, Nantungchow and chairman of Nantungchow College Faculty
Union. He was then a Professor of the College. While in America Mr.
36 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Chang was much interested in the question of foreign trade. After his
return he began to organize Embroidery and Lace Works at Nantungchow
with branch offices at Shanghai and New York. In 1919 Mr. Chang
was elected president of the Administrative Board of Nantung Industrir/1
Enterprises. Later he became president of the Huai Hai Industrial Bank.
In June of the same year he was appointed concurrently the Secretary- in
Chief of the Kiangsu Grand Canal Improvement Board. In November 1920
Mr. Chang was appointed Secretary of the Woosung Port Construction
Board. In August 1921, he was elected a member of the Kiangsu Provincial
Assembly.' In July 1922, Mr. Chang was appointed by the Peking Govern-
ment to study the industrial conditions in Europe, America and Japan.
At the same time he was conferred the Second Order of Tashou Chiaho.
In January 1923, Mr. Chang was appointed expectant Envoy Extraor-
dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. In April 1923 he was conferred the
Third Order of Paokuang Chiaho and in August, the Second Order of Wenfu.
In September 1923, Mr. Chang left Shanghai with his staff for America on
the Industrial Mission, returning in March 1924. In May 1924 he was ap-
pointed Envoy Extra ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Chile.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
37
General Changr Hsueh-liang
m m%^mm
General Chang Hsueh-liang was born at Hai-chen, Fengtien province,
in 1898. He was given military training when he was a mere youth. He
was among the first group of the graduates of the Military Training
Academy of the Three Eastern Provinces. In July 1919, General Chang was
appointed Commander of the Body Guards of the Tuchun of Fengtien, who
was no other person than Marshal Chang Tso-lin, his father. In the same
month he was made by the Peking government a colonel of National
Artillery. In November 1919 he was awarded the Third Class Wenfu
Decoration. In December 1919 he was promoted to become Commander,
of the Second Battalion of the Body Guards Brigade. In May 1920, General
Chang was appointed by President Hsu Shih-chang as his aide-de-camp.
In .June 1920 he was appointed Commander of the aforementioned Body-
Guards Brigade which was the Third Mixed Brigade of Fengtien. Upon the
38 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
outbreak of the war between Chihli and Anhui factions, General Chang was
ordered by his father to march Tii^ brlgnde into Shanhaikwan to side w'ith
the Chihli forces. At Hsiao Chan, the place where the Pei Yang troops
have been trained since Yuan Shih-kai's time, General Chang's men defeat-
ed the Anhui ,troops commanded by General Lung Chi-Kuang. As the result
of this defeat, several regiments of the noted Frontier Army surrendered
to General Chang who took them to Mukden upon his return. In the
autumn of 1920, the province of Kirin was much disturbed by banditry
and General Chang was sent w*ith his troops to suppress it which he did
in a short time. In October 1920 he was awarded by the Central govern-
ment the Fifth Order of Merit. A month later he was made a Brigadier
General. In March 1921 General Chang was awarded the Second Order
of Wenfu. In October 1921, he was sent by his father to Japan to witness
the autumn manoeuver. Upon his return, he introduced improvements in
the Fengtien Army. While in Japan, he contributed funds for the support
of the Chinesa students studying in that country. When the Chili-Fengtien
war broke out in the spring of 1922, General Chang was commander of the
Second Section of the East Wing. At Shaiha.ikwan, the Fengtien forces
made an offensive attack upon the advancing Chihli forces. General Chang
participating as commander of the front line defence. After the war.
he was made commander of the Second Brigade of the Manchurian Army,
and concurrently held the position of Chief-of-Stiff of the Manchurian
Army Reorganization bureau, as well as being superintendent of the Mili-
tary Training Academy and commandeer of pr.ovosts. These posts he still
holds. In the war between Chihli and the Anfu-Fengtien party which
broke out in September 1924, Mr. Chang as leader of the Fengtien First
Army rendered exceptional service in the fighting in the vicinity of the
Great Wall. Early in 1925 General Chang Hsuch-liang was sent by his
father and the Provisional President Tuan Chi-jui to Shanghai, as a
special delegate for purpose of assisting in the final reorganization and
political affairs in lawer Yangtze valley.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
39
Mr. Chang Hu
iS » ^ fl? '^
Mr. Chang Hu was born at Haiaoshan Hsien, Chekiang Province, in
1876. He was a Chu Jen or Provincial Graduate in the Ching Regime. Later
he obtained the rank of Expectant Prefect, and was ordered to proceed
to Fukien Province to "expect" appointment. Between 1902 and 1905 Mr.
Chang took an active part in the management of educational and financial
affairs of the province of Fukien. During this period he was principal
of the Provincial High Normal School and also the proctor of the Provincial
Treasurer. In 1906 Mr. Chang went to Manchuria to join Hsu Shih-chang,
who was then Viceroy of Manchuria. At first he was appointed Section
Chief of the Bui'eau of Manchurian Salt Affairs and later became Director-
General of the Customs Administration for the Province of Kirin. Concur-
40 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
rently he acted as Resident Director of the Bureau for the Reorganization
of Financial Affairs of that Povince. In 1912 the First Year of the
Republic Mr. Chang assisted Mr. Hsung Hsi-ling, who was then Minister of
Finance, in taking over the control of the Board of Finance of the Nanking
Provisional Government and in reorganizing the Board of Finance in Pek-
ing. In September 1913 Mr. Chang was appointed Vice-Minister of Finance
when Hsiung Hsi-ling was Prime Minister. In May 1914, when Hsu Shih-
chang was appointed Kuo-Wu-Ching or Secretary of State — replacing the
Premier — , Mr. Chang as Vice -Minister of Finance was appointed concur ently
to held the position of director of the Salt Administration and of Chief
Inspector of the Salt Inspectorate. In this capacity Mr. Chang in co-
operation with Sir Richard Dane undertook the organization of the sub-
offices of the Salt Inspectorate in the difference provinces. The result of
the reorganization of the Salt Administration Was the increase of Salt
revenue, for which Mr. Chang was conferred the Fourth Order of Merit.
In June 1915 Mr. Chang was attacked by his political opponents who
charged him with embezzlement. Mr. Chang was dismissed by a Presiden-
tial Mandate from the finance posts and as a sign of degtiatiatfibn he
was appointed a Taoying of the Szechuan Province. However before he
could proceed to take up his 'new post, his arrest was ordered. Throiug'h
the efforts of his foreign and Chinese friends, the case was dro'ppiO'd and
he retired to private life in Tientsin. In December 1917 when China had
joined the European War on the side of the Allies, Mr. Chang was ap-
pointed Chief of the Labor Emigration Bureau of the Cabinet.
In October 1918 Hsu Shih-chang became President. Two months later
he appointed Mr. Chang to be Acting VIce-Minister of Finance. In Janu-
ary 1919 Mr. Chang was appointed concurrently to hold the position of
associate- director of Salt Administration and of Chief Inspector of the Salt
Inspectorate. These positions he held until August 1920 when he was
transferred to be Director of the Currency Administration. In December
1920 he was conferred the First Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho.
In December 1921 Mr. Chang was appointed Minister of Finance under
Liang Shih-i who became Prime Minister as nominee of Ch^ng Tso-lin.
and also acted as Director- General of the Salt Administration and that of
the Currency Administration. Marshal Wu Pei-fu opposed this Cabinet,
particularly Liang, Chang and Yeh Kung-cho, the Minister of Communications.
On May 5, 1922, Messrs. Liang Shih-i, Chang Hu and Yeh Kung-cho
were ordered by a Presidential Mandate ti> be arrested for trial, when
Chang Tso-lin was defeated by the Chihli forces. On February 5, 1923
President Li Yuan-hung in a Mandate cancelled the said order of arrest in
respect to Mr. Chang Hu, On August 14, 1923 Mr. Chang was appointed
Acting Minister of Finance with the concurrent positions of Director-Gen-
eral of the Salt Administration and that of the Currency Administration.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
41
General Chang Huai-chih
3S S ^ ^ ^ i£
General Chang Huai-chih was born at Tung-a Hsien, Shantung pro-
vince, in 1860. He began his military career as Adjutant Aide-de-Camp
to the late Yuan Shih-kai. In 1905 General Chang became Commander
of the Defence Forces at Shanhaikuan. In 1908 he was sent to Japan to
witness the Grand Manoeuver, Upon his return to China he joined the
Peiyang First Division. After several promotions, he became Commander
of the Shantung Fifth Division stationed at Tinafu. Shortly before the
establishment of the Republic, his division was transferred to Tientsin.
After the First Revolution, General Chang was appointed Defence Com-
mision of Tientsin. Later he was transferred to be Defence Commissioner
of Paotingfu, from which position hu resigned in the middle of 1914. In
September 1915 General Chang was appointed Tutung of Charhar Special
42 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Area. In May 1916 he was appoinfed Military Director of Shantung
and two months later he became Tuchun of Shantung, and was also given
the concurrent position of the Civil Governor of that province. In May
1917 General Chang received the Second Order of Merit. In June 1917
General Chang joined with Generals Ni of Anhui, Chang Tso-lin of Feng-
tien, Tsao Kun of Chihli, and others in defending the position of Mars-
hal Tuan Chi-jui against President Li Yuan-hung. This political issue
finally resulted in the attempt by Chang Hsun to restore the old monarchy.
When Marshal Tuan declared war against Chang Hsun, General Chang stood
with the former and rendered valuable service by cutting off at Tsinan
Chang Hsun's reinforcement from Anhui. In January 1919 General Chang
was appointed Chief of General Staff which position he is still holding.
In January 1920 he received the First Order of Merit. In October 1920
he was awarded the First Order of Tashou Paokuang. In January 1922
General Chang was made a full general. In October 1923 General Chang
was made a Marshal with the Title "Fong Wei."
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
43
Mr. H. L. Chang
(Chang Hung-lien)
Mr. Chang Hung-lieh was born at Ku Shih Hsien, Honan, in 1887. He
began study at the age of seven under a private tutor and continued tiH
he was grown when he took the old style examination. In 1906 he went
to a private middle school in Kaifeng, later entering the Provincial Col-
lege at the same place, where he finished the course four years later. In
1921 Mr. Chang joined the Revolutionary Army which helped to make China
a republic. He was elected a member of the Honan Assembly in 1912.
He resigned to take the competitive examination for study in America.
He was successful and went to America the following year. For two years
•
44 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
he studied at Baldwin-Wallace College, Berea, Ohio, where he received his
B. S. degree. He then studied at Oberlin. Next he went to the Universi-
ty of Illinois where he received his B. A. degree in 1917 and his M. A.
in 1918. In 1919 he returned to Chinai to help build up an educational
system. Mr. G. H. Lee having resigned the presidency of the Government
Preparatory School at Kaifeng to accept other work, Mr. Chang was in
August 1919, elected to the office. In 1923 he was able to get the Honan
Assembly to change the nature of the school into a university for the entire
province. Chung Chow University is now its new name and Mr. Chang its
President. Largely through his influence the school has been put on a per-
manent basis of provincial taxation, a strong faculty has been selected of
both Chinese and foreigners, and several modern buildings are now going
up on a campus suited and plotted for the future expansion sure to come.
In 1924 Mr. Chang wrote an important article on Chinese-Japanese Rela-
tions which was published widely in America.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
45
Mr. Chang I-lin
H - H ^ ft t
Mr. Chang I-lin was born at Soochow, Kiangsu Province, in 1865.
When he was thirteen years old, he passed the Prefectural Examination
and obtained the rank of "Salaried Licentiate." At the age of twenty he
passed the Provincial Examination and became a Ohu Jen or "Provincial
Graduate."
Mr. Chang served, from that time on, for a number of years as pri-
vate tutor to scholars from all over the country. He can count many
prominent men as his former pupils.
In 1899, theSSth Year of Emperor Kuang Hsu, the Imperial government
held a special examination for high talented men. Mr. Chang was re-
commended by the Kiangsu authorities to attend it. He passed the ex-
46 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
amination with his name on the "Excellent Class" and was made an
Expectant Magistrate.
Mr. Chang's literary talent attracted the attention of Yuan Shih-kai
who invited him to be his secretary when he became Viceroy of Chihli
in 1902. By that time Mr. Chang was editor of the Peiyang Law Journal.
Later he was promoted to be Viceroy Yuan's Chief Secretary. In that
capacity he helped the reorganization of the Chihli educational system
along modern lines.
In 1907 Mr. Chang followed Yuan to Peking when the latter was
appointed president of ^ the Board of Foreign Affairs and a Chun Chi Ta
Ch'en (Lord of the Privy Council). Mr. Chang still served as Yuan's
Secretary. In January 1909 Yuan Shih-kai was dismissed. During Yuan
Shih-kai's exile from that time to December 1911, Mr. Chang served as
secretary first to Governor of Chekiang and then to Governor of Kiangsu.
When Yuan Shih-kai became President in 1912, Mr, Chang was ap-
pointed Chief of the Secretariat of the President's Office. In May 1914
Mr. Chang was appointed to hold concurrently the position of Chief of the
Bureau of High Confidence in the Cabinet Office.
In October 1915 Mr. Chang left the President Office as an expression
of his disapproval when Yuan Shih-kai aspired to be emperor, and would
not listen to his advice. However he was at the same time appointed
Minister of Education. In April 1916 he resigned from that post and
retired to private life.
In November 1916, Feng Kuo-chang, who was then elected Vice-
President invited Mr. Chang to be his Chief Secretary which office he
accepted. When Feng became Acting President in August 1917, Mr.
Chang became Chief Secretary of the President's Office again. He served
in this position until August 1918 when Hsu Shih-chang was elected
President by the "The Tuchun's Parliament."
From that time on until May 1922 Mr. Chang was Advisor to Presid-
ent Hsu Shih-chang. In August 1921 Mr. Chang was elected member of
the Kiangsu Provincial Assembly. In November 1922 he was conferred the
First Order of Tashou Paokuang Ghiaho.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
47
•
'
'^^^^^^^^^^^^- ^ '-'^''''lii 1
Gene
in 1867.
he was a
tung and
he was a
concurren
the same
was appo
he was t
March 1£
Governor
Major Ge
shih and i
Chang an
another c
General Chang Kuang-chien
ral Chang Kuang-chien was born at Hofei Hsien, Anhui Province,
He was a mandarin in Ching Regime, and in November 1911
)pointed Lieutenant Governor or Financial Commissioner of Shan-
also Superintendent of the Government Granary. In January 1912
ppointed acting Governor of Shantung and was ordered to hold
tly the position of Provincial Commander-in-Chief. In March of
year he was summoned to Peking and in December 1912 he
inted Governor of the Metropolitan District. In September 1913
ransferred to be Frontier Commissioner of Shensi and Kansu. In
14 General Chang was appointed acting Mingchengchang (Civil
) and Tutu (Military Commissioner) of Kansu and was made a
neral. In May 1914 tha Mingchen-chang was changed into Hsunan-
n June 1914 Tutu in to Chiang-chun. He therefore was Mingcheng
d Chiangchun, directing military affairs of Kansu. In July 1916
;hange of these title names was effected and General Chang was
48 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
appointed Shengchang (Civil Governor) and Tuchun (Military Governor) of
Kansu. In January 1920 General Chang received the First Class Tashou
Paokuang Chiaho Decoration. In October he was awarded by the Presid-
ent a "Sword of Eight Lions." In December he was removed by a
Presidential Mandate from the Governorship of Kansu and created a
Chiangchun with the honorable title of "Huan Wei." He left this post in
the spring of 1921. In October 1921 General Chang was appointed Tutung
(Civil and Military Administrator) of "Chinese Descendants under the
Plain Yellow Banner," a unit of the Manchu Military Organization which
position he is still holding. In October 1922 General Chang was awarded
the Third Order of Merit and in January 1923 he was m'ide a Lieutenant
General. In February 1924 he was made a Full General.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
49
Mr. Chang Kuo-kan
Mr. Chang Kuo-kan was born at P'u-ch'i Hsien, Hupei Province, in
1873. Ho received a thorough education in Chinese, in 1903 he became a
Chu jen or Provincial Graduate, through competitive examinations; He was
a pupil of former President Hjsu Shih-chang. In the Ching time, Mr.
Chang was an Expectant Taotai in Heilungkiang. Later he became a
member of the Bureau for the Compilation of Constitutional Laws. From
June 1911 to January 1912 Mr. Chang was assistant chief of the Statistics
Bureau of the State Council or Cabinet. From May to October 1912, he
was Chief of the Civil Service Bureau of the Cabinet. From October
1912 to October 1913 he was Chief Secretary of the Cabinet. On May 15,
1914 he was appointed Vice-Minister of the Interior, but on the 14th he
resigned on account of mourning. In November 1914 Mr. Chang was ap-
50 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
pointed T'san Cheng or Councillor of the T'sau Cheng Yuan (Yuan Shih-
kai's State Advisory Council in place of the dissolved Parliament). He
served in the Council until April 23, 1916 when he was appointed Minister
of Education. On June 30, 1916 he was transferred to be Minister
of Agriculture and Commerce and concurrently was Acting Minister of
Justice. From these ministerships Mr. Chang was removed on July 31,
1916 when he was appointed Civil Governor of Heilungkiang. However,
he did not assume the new office and was officiaJlly relieved from the
governor-ship on August 11. In November 1916 he became Chief Sec-
retary of the Cabinet again. In July 1917, Mr. Chang was appointed
Minister of Agriculture and Commerce and concurrently Director-General
of the National Conservancy Bureau. The latter position he soon resigned
and the former position he held until November 1917., In January 1920
Mr. Chang was conferred the Fourth Order of Merit. In February 1920 he
was appointed Director-General of Hankow Port Construction Board. In
October 1920, he was appointed Chief Justice of the Administrative Court
in Peking. From June to August 1922 Mr. Chang was Minister of Agri-
culture and Commerce and also acted for Tan Yen kai as Minister of the
Interior. In November 1922 he was conferred the First Order of Wenfu.
In January 1924 Mr. Chang was appointed Minister of Education in Sun
Pao-chi's Cabinet.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
51
Dr. L. N. Chang
(Chang Li-ao)
Dr. L. N. Chang, was born in Nanking in 1887. He received his
education at St. John's University, Shanghai. While in school Dr. Chang
was for some time editor of the St. John's Echo and the World's Chinese
Students' Journal. In 1907 Dr. Chang went to America to pursue higher
education on private support. He studied economics and philosophy at the
University of Virginia, 1907-8. Later he studied law at Yale University,
1909-11, and obtained the degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of
Laws in 1911. In 1910-11 he was editor of the Chinese Student's Month-
ly. Upon his return to China in 1911, he was awarded the degree of Chih
52 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Shih by the government. He was co-director of the International Institute
at Shanghai, 1911-12. In 1912 Dr. Chang '.vent to Hankow to become co-
editor of the Hankow Daily News, English editor. Later he entered upon
on official career. He was for a time acting director of the Hupei Bur-
eau of Foreign Affairs and at another time Acting High Procurator of the
Hupei Procuratorate. While holding these positions he was also Legal
Advisor to General Li Yuan-hung. For many years Dr. Chang has been
practising law at Wuchang and Hankow. He has been legal advisor to the
Hankow Special Administration District, ex-German Concession and also
Councillor to General Wu Pei-fu. During the World War Dr. Chang was
advisor to the Bureau for Sequestration of Enemy, later special Properties
in Hupei. Dr. Chang was President of the Wuchang-Hankow Y.M.C.A, in
1916 and again in 1918. In the latter year he was also chairma,n of fthe
Hankow Chinese Volunteer Company. Dr. Chang's present address is 35
Rue de Paris, Hankow.
t^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
53
Mr. Chang Lu-Ch'uan
5S, @ ^ ^ ^ ^
Mr. Chang Lu-ch'uan was born at Huant'ai Hsien, Shantung Province,
in 1880. He graduated from a High School in Shantung and the Agri-
cultural School at Paoting. After graduation he joined an entsrprise for
the colonization and cultivation of Fengtien Province. Subssquently he
interested himself in an investigation into the agricultural conditions of
several districts in North China. He also made a trip to Japan to inves-
tigate the agricultural condition of that country. During the First Re-
volution which resulted in the establishment of the Republic in 1912, Mr.
Chang led an army and captured Kaomi and Chucheng, Shantung, which
declared independence of the provincial authorities. After the abdication
of the Manchus, he went to Tsinan, capital of Shantung, and rendered
54 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
assistance in the organization of the Provisional Provincial Assembly of
which he was subsequently elected a member. In April 1913 the First
Parliament was inaugurated in Peking and Mr. Chang attended as a Senator
from Shantung Province. IJe was a member of the Kuomingtang (People's
Party) and was later elected chairman of Ithe Industrial Committee of the
Senate. In that capacity he rendered valuable service in the adoption of
phonetic simplification of the language and promotion of industrial educa-
tion. Having prescribed the Kuomingtang as a seditious organization, the
President Yuan Shih-kai unseated all members of the two Houses belong-
ing to that Party in November 1913. Mr. Chang immediately retired to
his native village and remained silent until October 1915 when Yuan Shih-
kai launched his monarchical movement. Mr. Chang took an important
part in the rebellion of the Republican troops at Choutsun and Weihsien,
Shantung, against Yuan Shih-kai in May 1916. This movement had a strong
effect on the decision subsequently taken by Yuan to revoke his scheme.
During these trying times, Mr. Chang acted as the representative of the
Shantung troops at the headquarters of the Republican Army in Shanghai.
In August 1916 when Parliament was reconvened by the new President Li
Yuan-hung, Mr. Chang again became a Senator. In June 1917 the Parlia-
ment was for the second time dissolved, and Mr. Chang had to return
home again, having declined offers of high positions by the militarists then
ruling Peking. In October 1918 when Hsu Shih-chang became Presi-
dent of China. Mr. Chang's attitude finally led to his being suspected of
sympathy with the Southern Constitutionists. He finally accepted an in-
vitation of the Constitutional Parliament and went to Canton. Upon his
arrival at Canton, he was appointed Councillor of the Military government.
At the same time he was invited by the parliamentarians to become Chief
Secretary of the Two Houses. In June 1922 Mr. Chang returned to Peking
with the old Parliament. Mr. Chang was awarded the Secooid Class Tashou
Chiaho Decoration in October 1922.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
55
Dr. Chang Po-ling.
(Chang Pai-Iing)
Dr. Chang Po-ling was born at Tientsin in April 1874.> He studied
Chinese first under his father, a Chinese scholar, and then under private
tutors. With this preparatory work at home, he went to the Peiyang
Naval College, Tientsin, in 1888. After a stay of five years in that ins-
titution, he graduated; Subsequently he joined the navy and served on
a training ship for two years. After leaving the navy he taught at the
home of Yen Hsiu, a famous Hanlin in the Ching Dynasty. His pupils
included Mr. Yen's sons, nephews and relatives. Scane of them are now
holding positions of importance anil influence. At the same time Dr.
Chang taught at the home of Wang Kuei-chang, a well-known salt mer-
chant. These two private schools which Dr. Chang conducted, having
twenty students, were used as the foundation for the present Nankai Col-
lege. In 1903, Dr. Chang went to Japan together with Yen Hsiu to study
56 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
the Japanese educational system. Upon his return he started a high
school in Mr. Yen's house by the combination of t hese two private schools.
The high school began its carreer with seventy-three students. It had' a
normal class of six students who studied and taught at the same time.
Those who assisted Dr. Chang in the establishment of the school during
that period were Mr. Yen and the late president Yiuan Shih-kad, who was
then Viceroy of Chihli. In 1908, Dr. Chaug made a trip to America and
Europe to study their educational system. Ho was away from China for
seven months. Before his departure for foreign countries, he made a
decision to become a Christian, and was baptised at Tientsin after his return.
In August 1917, Dr. Chang went 1 3 America and spent a year and a
half at Columbia Teachers' College where he 'specialized in education.
Mr. Yen and Fan Yuen-lien, former Minister of Education^ joined him in
America the following year. They returned togetiier to China at the end of
1918. In the winter of 1918, Dr. Chang had the Nankai High School converted
int) a college, which now has eighty students in the collegiate department
and one thousand one hundred eighty .students in the middle school. He
has been responsible for the pressnt growth 'of the college. General Li
Shun, the late Military Governor of Kiangsu, shortly before his deaths
gavi? a half million dollars to the new college. In the summer of 1919,
St. John's University of Shanghai conferred upon Dr. Chang 'the degree
of Doctor of Philosophy.
«je
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
57
General Chang Shao-tseng
.General Chang Shao-tseng was born at Tach'eng Hsien, Chihli pro-
vince, in 1870. After having received preliminary education in a military-
school in North China, he went to Japan and studied in the Military
Officer's Academy where he graduated in Ostober 1901 as a member of
the first group of Chines3 military studentfs from Japan. Upon his return
to China, General Chang enlisted in the Army. In 1911 he was made Com-
mander-in-Chief of the Imperial 20th Division with headquarters at Hsin
Ming Teng, Mukden. In October 1911, the Imperial Chin government ordered
a great manoeuver to be held at Kaiping on the Peking Mukden Line. Six
Divisions of the Imperial Army were to participate including General
Chang's., His troops were given Lanchow, near Kaiping, for an encamp-
ment. The revolution broke out ,at Wuc^liang on October 10, two days be-
fore the beginning of the maneouver. An urgent order was issued to have
58 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
larger portion of the ^sembled troops despatched t o the South to suppress
the revolution. Before he was ordered to move, General Chang made the
authorities in Peking to understand that he was in sympathy with the
Revolutionists. He and two other general:?, late Wu Lu-chen and late Lan
Tien-wei, who were then known as the "Three Heroes of North China,"
had been secretly working for the overthrow of the Manchu House. His
position was weakened when Division Commander Wu iLu-chen was assas-
sinated by Yuan Shih-kai's agent in his headquarters at Shahchiachuang, on
the Peking-Hankow Line, in December 1911. In the Ijeginning of 1912,
General Chang was appointed Pacification- Commissioner and sent to Shang-
hai to expedite unification of South and North China- Ht3 was then the
leader of the Progressive Party with headquarters at Tientsin. In April
1912 Yuan Shih-kai appointed him Councillor. At the end of the year he
was appointed Acting Chianchun of the Suiyuan Special Area. This, por-
tion was substantiated to him in the Spring of 1913. A)boutf the samei
time he was made a Lieutenant General with the brevet rank of Full
General. In January 1914 General Chang was appointed concurrently the As-
sistant Tutung of Kueihua Ch'eng, in the Suiyuan area. In April 1914 he
became advisor to the President., In October 1916 he was appointed mili-
tary Inspector General. In December 1917 General Chang was appointed a
Chiangchun of the Chiangchun Fu with the honorable title of two words-:
"Shu Wei." In Autumn of 1921, General Chang suggested the calling of a
National Conference at Lushan for the discussion and settlement of civil
and military affairs of the county. His suggestion had the strong support
of General Wu Pei-fu who was said to be its real advocate. However, ow-
ing to opposition it failed of realization. In June 1922, General Chang was
appointed Civil Governor of Shensi. He did not assume office, because two
months later he was appointed Acting Minister of War. In October 1922,
he was conferred the Second Order of Merit. In November 1922, he was
ordered concurrently to hold the post of President of the Commission for
the Recovery of the Mongolian Front. General Chang's appointment as
Premier was ratified by the Parliament in January 1921. As a Premier he
held the portifolio of War and presidency • of the Commission for the Dis-
cussion of Political Reorganization. Ir, February 1923 he was made a full
General. In June 1923 he submitted his resignation from the Pi-emi'ership'
and Ministership of War which was not officially accepted until January
1924.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
59
//•^ ,^ym'ii:.40^ '., - y "* ''^"-^S^i-VAe.'^ ^ >
Mr. Chang Shou-Iing
60 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Chang Shou-ling was born at Changchow, Kiangsu in 1872. He
is a literary man being a Metropolitan graduate of the Ching regime.
When Mr. Chang was nineteen years ot age, he studied the question
of finatices in the Chuchow Yamen of the Shantung Province. At the
age of 26, Mr. Chang was appointed by the Governor of Shantung, Fu
Kun, to take charge of financial affairs of the whob province. In 1895 Mr.
Chang was transferred to Chihli and. served under Viceroys Wang Wen-shao,
Jung-lu, Yuan Sshih-kai, Yang Shih-hsiang and Yu Lu successively for al-
together twelve years. During that period he managed financial matters
for Peiyang. In 1911, Mr. Chang was transferred by Chao Er-hsuan, then
Viceroy of the Three Eastern Provinces, to ba Director of the Fengtien
Bureau for the management of Manchu affairs. Concurrently he held the
positions of the head of the Provision and Taxation Bureau of the Three
Eastern Provinces and of the Army Preparation Bureau. Upon the es-
tablishment of the Republic, Mr. Chang was appointed chief secretary to the
Tutuh or Military Governor of Fengtien. In September 1913, he was ap-
pointed Chief of the Revenue Bureau of the Province of Kiangsu and also
director of the Financial Department of the same Province. These posi-
tions he held until February 1914, when he was appointed Viae-Minister
of Finance while President Hsu Shih-chang was Secretary of State. He
resigned this position in July 1915, but was not officially relieved of it
until May 1916. When the late Feng Kuo-chang was President during
1917-18, Mr. Chang was one of his High Advisors and was appointed
Director-General of a Wine and Tobacco post. In October 1920 Mr. Chang
was conferred the Second Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In Janu-
ary 1922 he was conferred the First of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In April
1922 Mr. Chang was ordered to assist in the organization of the proposed
Wine and Tobacco Commercial Bank. Mr. Chang was one of the promoters
of the Chinese-American Banking Corporation and is still a director of it.
'J&
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
61
M^M«^^^MM«MmB|aBiM|M^^^BMM|^M|^MM^^H^^^^^^MW|^M|
^^^^Ki^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^m^°wz ^^imt
' MB^^^^^^^^^Ktf "^^J^K
JsMflf^W^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H
... _--.-.#>?*»^«r&«^i-'fS2'^
G(
in 187?
Ching
General Chang Tsai-yang
56 IS ^ ^ Bt 10
meral Chang Tsai-yang was born at Hsingchang, ChekiangP]
. He was graduated from the Military College of Chekiang.
Regime, he served in the army. After the establishment
'ovince,
In the
of the
I
62 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Republic, General Chang was appointed Ck)mmander of the 50th Brigade of
the National Army and subsequently was made Brigadier General. As a
Brigade Commander, he was also the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence
Force for Hangchow City. He was twice appointed Director General of
the Opium Suppression Bureau of Chekiang. In 1913, General Chang was
appointeed Defence Commissioner of the' ISiiiigpo-Shaohsin-Taichow district.
In the beginning of 1915 he was transferred to act as Defence Commis-
sioner of the Chiahsin-Huchow district of Chekiang. In June 1916 Gen-
eral Chang was appointed Commander of the 25th Division, still holding
the concurrent position of Defence Commissioner. About the same time
he was made a Lieutenant General. In 1918 General Chang was appointed
Commander of the Second Division of the Chekiang Provincial Army: dur-
ing May-June 1919 he was Commander of the First Division of the same
Army. In February 1920, General Chang was conferred the Fourth Order
of Merit. In October 1922 he was given the Second Order of Tashou Pao-
kuang Chiaho and was appointed Civil Governor of Chekiaoig, which posi-
tion he is still holding. In February 1923 General Chang was given rank
of full General.
v^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
63
Gneeral Chang Tso-hsians:
General Chang Tso-hsiang was born at I-Hsien, Fengtien Province.
In his youth he is reported to have led a life very much similar to that
of Generals Chang Tso-lin and Chang Ching-hui, that is a leader of
independent bands of soldiei;s. For several years however, General Chang
has been a strong lieutenant of Marshal Chang Tso-lin. After he had
surrendered to the authorities together with General Chang Tso-lin,
General Chang became Commander of a Battalion of Patrol Forces first
stationed at Hsin Ming Tun and later at Cheng Chia Tun and Tiao Nan.
After the establishment of the Republic, General Chang was appointed
Commander of the 27th Cavalry Regiment of the 27th Division. For a
time he was commander of the 27th Artillery Regiment of the same Divi-
64 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
sion. In December 1917 he was appointed Commander of the 54th Bri-
gade of the 27th Division to succeed General Sun Lieh-cheng^ In Janu-
ary 1918 he was made a Lieutenant General. In January 1919 he was ap-
pointed to be concurrently the Chief of Staff to the High Inspecting Com-
missioner of the Three Eastern Provinces. In May 1919 he was removed
from the Commandership of the 54th Brigade and, in August 1919 was
appointed Commander of the Twenty-Seventh Division to succeed General
Sun Lieh-cheng was had became Tuchun of Heilungkiang. In January of
1920 General Chang received the Second Order of Paokuang Chiaho and
in February 1920 he was awarded the Fifth Order of Merit and in October
of the same year was given the Fourth Order of Merit. In December 1920
he was removed from the position of Chief of Staff to Marshal Chang Tso-
ling. In July 1921 General Chang, still commanding the 27th Division, re-
ceived the Second Order of Tashou Chiaho. In April 1922 the 27th Divi-
sion participated in the Chihli-Fengtien .fight between Wu Pei-fu and Chang
Tso-ling which resulted in the defeat of the Fengtien troops. Since that
time. Marshal Chang Tso-lin has declared his independence of Peking and
his generals including Chang Tso-hsiang are receiving no orders from the
Peking government but are serving under Marshal Chang Tso-lin for the
preservation of peace and order in Manchuria. In April 1924 General Chang
Tso-ling appointed General Chang Tso-hsiang to succeed General Sun Lien-
cheng, who had died as Tuchun of Kirin. He has been also the assistant
commander-in-chief of the Manchuria Forces for the Preservation of
Peace.
•Ji
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
65
General Chang Tso-Iin
General Chang Tso-lin was born at Haichen Hsien, Fengtien Province,
in 1876. He received no education in his youth, but his bravery and
initative distinguished him and signed him out to be a powerful leader
among a class of outlaws known as Hungutzu. During the Russo-Japanese
War General Chang fought on the side of Japan and rendered no smaJl
service to the Mikadoi. In 1906 General Chang surrendered tD Chao Erh-
hsun who was jthen the Tartar General of Mukden (Fengtien Chiangchtiin).
A regime was immediately formed composed of his followars, with him-
seli as Commanding Officer. A few years later he was promoted to be
Commander of the Fengtien Defence Force in China in which capacity he
rendered valuable service in the maintenence of peace and order through-
66 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
out the Manchurian Province during the Revolution in 1911-12(w After
the establishment of the Republic in 1912, General Chang was made a
Lieutenant General and Commander of the Twenty-Seventh Division of
the National Army. General Chang served Yuan Sha^kai faithfully, but
when Yuan's monarchical movement was about to col|<i^e, he compell'eid
General Tuan Chi-kuei, who Vfa& then Civil and Mililstiy Governor (Chi-
angchun and Hsunanshih) of Fengtien, and supporter of the movement, to
leave Fengtien. Asked why he refused to 'support Yuan, whom he had
urged to assend the Throne, General Chang replied that he was pnly mak-
ing a figure of speech when he asked Yuan to do so. -^^l
On April 17, 1916 he was 'Ordered by Peking for the Chiang-chun
of Fengtien. Two days later he got the appointment as Hsunanshih (Civil
Governor) of Fengtien. On April 22, he was made a ChiangchuU; of Feng-
tien with the special title of two words "Sheng Wu." On the 23rd he
was appointed Acting Director-General of Military Affairs and coiietirrently
to hold the position of Hsunanshih of Fengtien. 0,n July 6, 1916 General
Chang became Tuchun and Shenglchang which were the new designations
for Military and Civil Governors in place of Chiangcliun and I^suna^nshih
respectively. General Chang assisted the former Prime Minister, General
Tuan Chi-jui, in restoring the Republic for the second time in June 1917
when it was (Overthrown by General Chang Bsun who attempted to restore
the Ching Regime. In 1918 General Chang was appointed the High Ins-
pecting Commissioner of fthe Three Eastern Provinces, still holding the
positions of Military and Civil Governors of Fengtieii. In October 1919
General Chang was conferred the^. First Order of Meriti. In January 1920
he was made a Full General as recognition of service rend^3red in connec-
tion with the Participation in the European War. In Febrijary 1920 he
was conferred the First Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaha. During 1918-
20, the government of North China ramained in the hands of a clique of
Northern Militarists, presided over by Tuan Chi-juii. In July 1920 the
Chihli and Fengtien Tuchuns took advantage of public hostility towards
fche faction in power to force the matter to an issue. The dismissal of
Hsu Shu-tseng from the Commandership" of the North-western Frontier De-
fence Force and also from the position of North- Wtestern Colonization
Commissioner was demanded by General \Vu Pei-fu and General Tsao-Kun,
the High Inspecting Commissioner of Chihli, Shantung and Honan. The
President yielded by issuing a Mandate on the 4th ordering the dismissal.
Ae a result of the opposition of the "Tuchuns," Parliament and of
the Anfu leaders, President Hsu on July 9, ordered Wu Pei-fu to be dis-
missed from the Commandership of the Third Division to be deprived
of all ranks and honors, and to be dealt with by law. Tsao Kun was
also censured. These Generals accepted the challenge, and in co-operation
with General Chang Tso-lin, undertook "to support the government" by the
forcible removal of the Anfu Party. The power of the Anfu leaders
collapsed after a few engagements in which the only real fighting was
done by Wu Pei-fu's forces. On October 10, 1920 General Chang was
made Shan Chiang-chun (Marshal) with the title of two words Chen Wei.
Following a conference of Super-Tuchuns, Chang Tso-lin, Tsao Kun and
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 67
Wang Chan-yuan, held at Tientsin and Peking, during April and May 1921,
General Chang was appointed High Commissioner for Mongolia with full
power to reconquer Urga which was then in the hands of Soviet Russians.
During the latter part of 1921 General Chang again went to Peking from
Manchuria ,to adjust matters to his own satisfaction, and the result of
his visit was the installation of the Liang Shih-i Cabinet on December
24, 1921. In March 1922 General Chang was awarded the First Order of
Wenfu. During the winter 1921-22, a military and political coalition with
General Chang as the leader was organized with the avowed purpose of
eliminating Wu Pei-fu. The members of the coalition were the Manchurian
military leaders, the Anfu leaders under Tuan Chi-jui, the Chiaotung fac-
tion under Liang Shih-i, the Tuchuns of Honan, Anhui and Chekiang, and
the Kuomingtang Party in the South under Sun Yat-sen. However this later
met with failure as some of the members of the coalition lost their cour-
age. The result of this invasion was a war in the vicinity of Tientsin and
Peking. Fighting commenced on April 18, and lasted until May 4, when
Chang's troops in the west of Peking had suffered heavy loss at the hands
of Feng Yu-hsiang's 11th Division. The evacuation commenced at once
and by noon of May 4. Chang's entire iorce was enroute for Mukden.
On May 1, 1922, Presidential Mandates "were issued, dismissing General
Chang from the position of Oivil and Milijtary gjovernors of Fengtien,
abolishing the posts of High Inspecting Commissioner of the Three Eastern
Provinces and of the High Commissioner for Mongolia, and ordering him to
be dealt with by law. Ever since this defeat Manchuria under Genei'al
Chang's ,rule has been independent of Peking with himself as the Command-
er-in-Chief of the Forces for the Maintenance of Order and Peace in
Manchuria. In September 1924 following the outbreak of the war in the
lower Yangtse^ district between Chekiang and Kiangsu provinces, Marshal
Chang Tso-lin, mobilized his forces for the purpose of assisting his assoc-
iate Marshal Lu Yung-hsiang in the Yangtze area. Owing large;ly to the
coup d'etat of General Feng Yu-heiang, in Peking, Marshal Chang was
successful in defeating the leading power purporting the Peking govern-
ment, having been responsible with General Feng Yu-hsiang in the return
of Tuan Chi-jui to the presidency.
•68
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Chang Tsung-hsiang
# ^ # ^ f t 5W
Mr. Chang Chung-hsiang was born at Wusheng Hsien, Chekiang
province, in 1897. He was brouglit up and given his education at his
grandfather's home. The Chinese academic degree he held in the Ching Dy-
nastywas "Ling Kung Sheng" or isalaried Senior Licentiate. He was one of
the earliest Chinese students to study in Japan. In Japan Mr. Chang first
studied at the First High School and then the Meiji University where he
graduated in 1903 with the degree of LL.B. He later acted as interpreter
of the late Wu Ju-lan. a very famous literati, when the latter in the capacity
of the Dean of the Imperial University was visiting in Japan on a minsi-on
to istudy educational conditions of that country. Upon his return to China
following his graduation, Mr. Chang became teacher of the Institution of High
Learning for Metropolitan graduates. In 1905 he assisted in the compila-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 69
tion of Commercial Laws. In 1907 he was appointed junior secretary of
the Board of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce. In 1906 Mr. Changi
became Proctor of the Bureau of Laws and Regulations in the Boaird of
the Interior. Subsequently he was appointed Co-Director of the Bureau
of Comilations under the Office of Investigation and Oom.p|ilation of Con-
stitutional Laws. During 19(E-10 Mr. Chang was Superintendent of Inner
City Police of Peking. In June 1911 he was appointed assistant chief o^
the Laws Compilation Bureau of the Cabinet. This position he held until
January 1912 when he retired. In April 1912 Mr. Chang was appointed
by President Yuan Shih-kai to be Chief of the Law Comjpilation' Bureau
of the Cabinet. In July 1912 he becam:e Chief Justice -of the Supreme
Court. In January 1914 he became minister of Justice. In April 1914 he
was ordered to act concurrently as Minister of Agriculture and Commerce.
On June 30, 1916 Mr. Chang was appointed Chinese Minister to Japan. In April
1919 he was granted permission by the President to return to Peking on/
a short leave of absence. During 1918-20 the government of North China
remained in the hands of the Anfu Faction, with Tuan Chi-jui at the head
of it. The government was able to retain office chiiefly as the result of a
series of Japanese Loans, which were concluded regardless of public
opinion. Public hostility to the government found expression on May 4,
1919, when several pro-Japanese officials were attaoked by the students'.
On June 10, Mr. Chang was officially relieved from the Tokyo post by a
Presidential Mandate. In January 1920 he was Conferred the Fourth Order
of Merit.
^
70
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr.'^hang Tsung-yuan
Mr. Chang Tsung-yuan was barn at Shanghai in 1876, although his
native home is at Wuhsing Hsien, Chekiang Province. From 1898 to 1900
he was a Istudent at Nanyang College. Upon graduation he went to Ame^
rica to study, arriving in January 1900. Mr. Chang prepared himself
for college at Pomona College. In 1903 he entered the University of Cali-
fornia where he studied Economics and Commerce and was graduated in
1907 with the degree B, S. In July 1907 Mr. Chang returned to China
and immediately became a member of the Board of Foreign Affairs. From
1909 to 1911 he served as Preeident of the College of Finance, Peking.
In June 1912 Mr. Chang was appointed Acting Vice-Minister of Finance and
in August became Vice-Minister. In November 1912 he was appointed
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 71
Financial Commissioner to London. In October 1913 Mr. Chang was ap-
pointed Director of the Audit Department and in July 1914 he was appointed
co-director-general of the currency administration.. He held this position
until the office was abolished at the end of 1914. In Decembar 1917 Mr.
Chang wai? appointed Hon. Member of the Commission for the Study of
Financial Questions arising during the World War. In 1918 he was ap-
pointed by the Ministry of Communications to the position of President of
the Tangshan Engineering College which position he held until 1920 when
he resigned. In March 1920 Mr. Chang received the Second Order of Tashou
Chiaho. In May 1921 Mr. Chang became chairman of the Local Administra-
tion Conference held in Peking and attended by delegates ftom all the
Provinces and Special Areas. In September 1921 after the close of the
conference he was a' warded the Second Order of Paokuang Chiaho.
72
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Chang Yao-chiang
(Chang Yao-h«iang)
Mr. Chang Yao-chiang was born in Hankow in 1896 and studied first
at Boone University. Ee graduated from Tsing Hua in 1915, went to Ame-
rica in the sante year and studjied at Amherst OoUege a/id Columbia ITrii-
versity, receiving his A. B. in 1918.^ He then (took post-graduate work
in the Department of Psychology in the same University, received his A.
M. in 1919. He returned to China in 1920 and was appointed professor of
Peking Higher Normal College. He founded the Chinese Psychological
Society in Nanking in 1921 and was elected the first president of the
Society, and also editor of the Chinese Joutn'al of Psychology, a 150-pag«e
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 73
quarterly, now drawing a circulation of 5,000 copies every issue. In that
journal he published some of his original researches, such as "Chinese
Vocabulary Test," "Chinese Information Test," "Chinese Superstitions,"
"Eccentricities of Past Chinese," "First Memories," "A Study of Emotion
of Chinese New Poets," etc. He was appointed dean of the Department
oi Education and Psychology of Peking Normal University in 1922, which
post he is still holding.
^
74
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Chang Ying-fang.
General Chang Ying-fang was born at Hengshui Hsien, Chihli Pro-
vince, in 1889. He received his middle school education in the Tientsin
Anglo-Chinese College and later joined the 20th Division of the Imperial
Army when General Chang Shao-tseng was Commander-in-Chief. He at-
tended the military training school attached to the Division. After the
outbreak of the Revolution at Wuchang in October 1911, he went to Man-
churia where he got together a large number of Hunghutzu and organiz-
ed an army with the intention of attacking Peking from the North.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 75
After the establishment of the Republic in 1912, President Yuan Shih-
kai summoned General Chang to Peking, (jcneral Chang then voluntsered
to lead an expedition into Mongolia which had declared its independence
of Peking. However before the despatch of the expedition the Living
Buddha Cheptsundampa sent representatives to Peking to re-establish
friendly relations with the Central governmeiit. Subsequently General Chang
declined all offers of position from President Yuan and retired to private
life. When Yuan Shih-kai started his monarchical movement in August
1915, General Chang went to Kueichow and joined General Yuan Tsu-ming,
then Commander of a Division. Later he became Commander of a Brigade.
In 1917 General Chang returned to the North and became Staff Officer to
the 20th Division of the National Army.. In June 1922 he was asked to
go to Shensi to reorganize the provincial police by General Chanjg Shao-
tseng who had beenj appointed Civil Governor of that Province. Soon
afterwards General Chang Shao-tseng was appointed Minister of War, when
afterwards General Chang Shao-tseng was appointed Minister of War and
Navy, and later was 'appointed Chief of the Military and Naval Audit Bureau.
After assuming office, General Chang advocated the independence of military
expenditures and incorporated his idea in a booklet entitled "Why Milit-
ary Expenditures Should Be Independent." , This has been translated into
English. The main idea of the plan is to nationalize all the provincial
troo]^5 and to make the commissariat officers independent of the com-
manders of the troops. In November 1922 General Chang was made a
Brigadier General and at the same time received the Second Order of
Wenfu> In January 1923 he was given the Second Order of Chiaho and
the brevet rank of Lieutenant General. |[n February 1913 he received
the Third Order of Paokuang Chiaho and in March 1923, the Second
Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In April 1923 he was appointed a
metober of the Commission for the Discussion of National Finances. In
February 1924 he was removed from the post of Chief of the Military and
Navy Audit Bureau.
^
76
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
^^^^^^^^^^IV i^0^ jmI
■
^^^^^■M -^ "m
I^^^^^^^H
^^^H
^^^^^^H
^^^^Bl ^^m
^^^^H
^^^^^^V ^
H
mk
Mr. Chang Ying-hua
Mr. Chang Ying-hua was born at Hengshui Hsien, Chihli Provi^c,e,
in 1886. He received his middle school education in the Tientsin Anglo-
Chinese College. Later he went to England and studied in Manchester.
He began his official career upon his return to China. In the first few years
of the Republic, Mr. Chang served for a time as Consolation-Commissioner
to the Three Eastern Provinces. Later after his return to Peking he be-
came a professor of the Kuo Ming University. In 1918 Mr. Chang was
appointed Inspector of the Chuannan District (at Tzeliuching) of the Sajt
WHO'S WHO IN CHJNA 77
Administration. In December that year he received the Fourth Order of
Chiaho. In January 1919 Mr. Chang was ordered to act for the Salt Com-
missioner of Szechuan and later was appointed to that position which he
held for over two years. In January 1921 Mr. Chang received the Second
Order of Chiaho. In June 1921 he resigned from the Szecl^uan post. In
August of the same year he was appiointed Salt Conwni'ssiojier of H'otung
(Shansi). This new positicm he held until January 1922 when he was ap-
pointed Financial Commissioner of Kansu. In February 1922 Mr. Chang was
appointed Deputy Director to the Kiangsu Government Bank. In June 1922
he was appointed superintendent of the Soochow Customs. In August he
was appointed Vice-Minister of Finance, and also as Chief of the Salt Ad-
ministration and Inspector General of the Salt Inspectorate then he also
acted avS Minister of Finance. In September he wtis transferred to become
President of the Commission for the Study of China's Finance. In March
1192.3 Mr. Chang was awarded the First Order of Wenfu. In the same month
he was appointed Director-General of the Currency Administration. In May
1923 he was appointed Acting Minister of Finance and Director General of
Salt Administration which positions he held until July 10, 1923.
7«
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Y. C. Chang
m ):i ^^ mm
(Chang Yu-Ch'uan)
Dr. Y. C. Chang was born at Canton in 1880. He studied' at! the
Anglo-Chinese College, Poochow, from 1890, to 1891, and at the Queen's
College in the following year and later at the Peiyang University. From
1898 to 1899 he studied at the Imperial University, Tokio, Japan. During
the period he was awarded various prizes for high standing in Chinese,
English and athletics. In August of 1901 Dr. Chang arrived in America
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 79
to pursue a higher education. He studied law at the University of Cali-
fornia and Yale University, where he graduated with a degree of LL.B.
in 1903 and M.L. the following year. When the Chinese High Commissioners
were appointed to go to Europe and America for the investigation of
constitutional governments in 1906, he was appointed an attache. Upon
his return he received the degree of Chin Shih (Doctor of Law) from the
government after a competitive examination. From 1906 to 1907 Dr.
Chang was Inspector of Schools in Shansi, Chihli, Shantung, Honan, etc.
The next year 'found him as Second Secretary to the Chinese Legation in
Japan. From 1910 to 1911 he was president of the College of Communica-
tions, Peking. He was promoted to be Secretary to the President and
Councillor of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs soon afterwards. In June
1913 he was appointed Commissioner for Foreign Afffairs for Kiangs'u
Province. In October 1913 he was appointed superintendent of Customs of
Wuhu and concurrently Commissioner of Foreign Affairs for Anhwei province.
The latter position he held until March 1915 when he was called to the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Dr. Chang was appointed president of the
Tsing Hua College in the autumn of 1918. In May 1919 he was confierred
the Second Order of Chiaho. In January 1920 he was recalled to the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In February 1920 Dr. Chang was conferred the
Second Order of Tashou Chiaho. In September he was appointed Chief of
the Investigation Bureau of the Ministry. In November he was appointed
to hold concurrently the post of Chief-in-Charge of the Translation
Bureau. In March 1921 Dr. Chang was appointed to act as Councillor of
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In June he was given the Second Order
of Wenfu. In August he was appointed Councillor of the Ministry. In
September he became an expert to the Chinese Delegation to the Pacific
Conference. In May 1922 Dr. Chang was conferred the Second Order of
Paokuang Chiaho. In Noveember he was appointed a member of the Com-
mission on Russian Affairs. Dr. Chang is still Councillor of the Ministry
of Foreign Affairs. In June 1924 he was appointed by the Minister of
Foreign Affairs to be expert adviser to th(^ Sino-Russian Conference.
-80
WPIO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Yuan-shan Djang
(Chang Yuan-shan)
Mr. Y. S. Djang was born at Soochow in 1892 where he received his
preliminary education. From 1907 to 1901, he studied at Kiangnan Col-
lege, Nanking. Before he went to America in 1911, he studied in the Tsing-
hua College for one year and obtained a scholarship. From 1911 to 1915
he took a course in Liberal arts at Cornell University. While there he was
chief manager of the Chinese Students' Monthly and was editor of the
Chinese Students' annual in 1913-14. He was graduated in 1915 with
the degree of B. A. and returned to China in August of the same year.
Mr. Djang was appointed upon his return Chemist of the Chihli Pro-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 81
vincial Industrial Laboratory and of the Pei Yang Plague Prevention
Bureau, He also devoted much time in teaching and writing and also
acted as lecturer in Sanitary Chemistry, Government University, Peking;
teacher in the Chihli Middle School, Tientsin ; editor of the Ladies' Journal,
Shanghai; etc. For some time he was English secretary to the Bureau
of Foreign Affairs of Chihli and Advisor to the Chihli Police Adm'itiisbrar
tion. Mr. Djang was secretary of the Cornell Alumni Association of North
China in 1915; and Chinese secretary of American Returned Students'
Club, Tientsin, 1916-17. In the winter of 1918, Mr. Djang was appointed
general secretary of the Anti-Narcotic Society, Tientsin. From September
1920 to December 1921, he served as general secretary of the North China
International Society of Finance Relief. Since January 1922, he has been
associate executive secretary of the China International Fam'ine Relief
Commission, which has its headquarters in Peking. Being interested in
social service, Mr. Djang held membership or offices in various public or-
ganizations in Capital. Mr. Djang is the author of many articles in both
Chinese and foreign journals and of number of pamphlets among which are.
An Outline of a System of School Calculated to Promote Mass Education in
China and Ledger Account for Household Express.
^
82
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Chao Ch'ing-hua
Mr. Chao Ching-hua was born at Chingihua, Chekiang Province in 1879.
He received his education at the Diocesan School of Hongkong from which
institution he graduated in 1890. After his graduation, he entered the
Government School of Telegraphy at Canton and completed this course in
1892. At this time he became director of the Telegraph Administration of
Kwangtung province. He remained in this position until 1897 when he
became assistant secretary to C. W. Kinder, the engineer-in-chief of the
Peking-Mukden railway. It was in this position that Mr. Chao first gained
insight into his career. In 1904 Mr. Chao became secretary to T. J. Bourne,
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 83
chief engineer of S. Pierson and Sons, who were the contractors under-
taking the construction of the Taikow-Cliinghua railway and continued
further his study of railway operation and construction. During this time
he brought 2,000 skilled laborers from the Taibow Chinghua railway for
the grades and earthwork between Shanghai and Woosung. He also laid the
track between Shanghai and Nanziang. Completing this work in 1907, Mr.
Chao became Secretary to Tang Shao-yi, who was then Director General
of Railways of the Ministry of Communication?. In 1909 he resigned from
this position to take that of managing director of the Canton-Kowloon
Railway and made the agreement with the Canton government for the
Chinese-British section of the railway. In 1914 Mr. Chao became man-
aging director of the Tientsin-Pukow Railway and reorganized the ad-
ministration of both the north and south sections. In 1916 he was ap-
pointed manager of the Shanghai branch of the Bank of Communications
and while there modernized the accounting system, bridged over the
moratorium and resumed the issue of specie ♦notes. In 1917 he became
director of the sequestered Austrian and German river vessels and wharfs
along the Yangtse River. In 1918 Mr. Chao was conferred the Third Order
of Wenfu and in September 1920 the Third Order of Chiaho. In Novem-
ber 1920 Mr. Chao was appointed a Member of the Railway Finance
Reorganization Commission. In February 1921, he received the Second
Order of Chiaho. In June 1921 he \Vas appointed a Member of the office
of Councillors of the Ministry of Communications. In December 1921 Mr.
Chao was appointed a Secretary of the Cabinet when Liang Shih-i was
the Premier. He was removed from this post after the Chihli-Fengtien
war in June 1922. In August 1922 Mr. Chao wa? ordered by the Peking
government to be arrested for trial on a charge of havitig instigated the
railway. He is still a political refugee.
^
84 •
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Chao Erh-sun
mm m^ ''km
General Chao Erk-sun is a descendant pf a Chinese Banner family.
He was born in 1846. He becamb a provincial graduate in 1867 and a
metropolitan graduate or chin shih in 1874. In the same year — 1874 — he
was made a Hanlin with the degree of Pien Hsiu or Hinlin compiler of
the College of Hanlins. The first official position General Chao held was
that of assistant examiner for the provincial examinations of H'upei.
Subsequently he was appointed a Supervising Censor of the Board of
Works. In 1898 he becamie a prefect in the province of Kueichow and
soon he was promoted to be a Ping Pei Tao or Taotai with power over
military forces in the Kuangtung Province. In April 1895 General Chao
was appointed Judicial Commissioner of Anhui Province and sometime
later he was transferred to the Province of Shensi. In November 1898
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 85
General Chao was appointed Financial Commissioner of Kansu and Hsin-
kiang. In 1902 he was transferred to be Financial Commissioner of Shensi
province. In 1903 General Chao became Governor of Hunan. In August
1914 he was called to Peking and was given the position of acting Pres^
ident of the Board of Revenue. May 190o he was appointed Tartar
general of Mukden with the concurrent post at Peking of Vice-President
of the Board of War. Later he became governor of the metropolitan dis-
trict and concurrently director of the imperial household affairs. In May
1907 General Chao was appointed Viceroy of Szechuanv He did not as-
sume this office however, and in September of the same yeiar he was ap-
pointed viceroy of Hu-Kuang Provinces with the brevet title of President
of the Board of War find that of President of the Censorate. In' Match
1903 General Chao was transferred to act as Viceroy of Szechuan With
the concurrent posts of Tartar General of Chengtu and the assistant di-
rector-general of the Salt Adminstration. These posts he held until April
1911, wheen he was appointed Viceroy of Manchuria having und'er his
control all the Tartar Generals of the three provinces. In March 1912,
the First Year of the Republic, a Bill was passed in the provisional
assembly in Peking placing him upon las equal footing with the Tutuhs
of Kirin and Heilungkiang. He was subsequently made a full general and
awarded the Second Order of Merit and First Order of Chiaho. As Tutuh
of Fengtien, General Chao was given supreme control of military and
diplomatic affairs in three Manchurian Provinces. He resigned from this
post on November 3, 1912 and subsequently was appointed director gene-
ral of the Ching History Compilation Bureau, which posiition he is still
holding. General Chao was one of the "Four Friends of Sungshan" of
ex-President Yuan-Shih-kai, the other three being Hsu Shih-chang, Li
Ching-hsi and Chang Chien. General Chao has been president of the
board of directors of the Hsiangshan '' Childrens' Home, in the Western
Hills, Peking, which was founded by ex-Premier Hsiung Hsi-ling after
the 1917 fall flood in the Province of Chihli.
^
86
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Chao Heng-t'i
General Chao Heng-t'i was born at Hsiang-t'an Hsien, Hunan Province,
in 1880. After graduation from a military school in China, he went to
Japan and entered the Military Officers' Academy, taking the coursa in
artillery. In November 1908 he was graduated and returned to China.
Subsequently General Chao became a commanding Officer in Kuangsi Pro-
vince. During the First Revolution in 1911-12, he was in Hunan and
played an active part as Commander of a Revolutionary Force, as a
Kuomintang member. Following the establishment of the Republic in 1912
and the election of Yuan Shih-kai to the Presidency, he went to Peking
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 87
together with several other Kuomintang Generals. Owing to his intimate
ralation with Kuomintang people, he was much Buspected by Yuan Shih-
kai who subsequently had him arrested and imprisoned in the Peking
Marshal Court popularly known as Yuan Shih-kai's "Bastile." General Chao
remained in prison until finally released through the efforts of General
T'an Yen-k'ai, then Tutuh (Military Governor) of Hunan. In December 1916
he was appointed Commander of the First Division of Hunan and soon after-
wards, became Commander in Chief of the Hunan Forces. In 1922 the
people of Hunan declared Provincial Autonomy. A constitution was pro-
mulgated containing the provision that the people were to elect their owa
governoite. As a result of ;the election, General Chao was placed at the
South. However he was thought to be on better terms with the former than
capacity he was supposed to be neutral from the &tand])oint of North and
South. However he was thought to be on better terms with the former than
the latter. In October 1922 General Chao was decorated by the Secorai
Order of Merit. In August 1923 Hunan Way threatened with an attack by
Sun Yat-sen's men commanded by General T'an Yen-k'ai, former Military
Governor of Hunan. General Chao's position has been weakened somewhat
but he is still upholding the provincial constitution of Hunan.
^
88
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. S. U. Zau
(Chao Hai*en)
Mr. S. U. Zau, was born at Shanghai in 1883. 'Be began hia educa-
tion under private tutors since his father intended to prepare him
for the literary examinations. However, in view of the growing
popularity of the English language, Mr. Zau was required also to study
this language. When schools were established to replase the literary
examinations, Mr. Zau took the entrance examinations at the Telegraph
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA S^
Administration, the Kiangnan Naval Academy and the Peiyang Medical
College and passed all with distinction. Due to the death of his brother,
he was not permitted to leave home until the age of 14, when he went
into business. Two years later he re-entered school, joining the Wei
Tsong College, Shanghai, devoting most of his time to the study of Eng-
lish, in which subject he excelled. He also taught at the same time.
During the Boxer Rebellion, the Shanhaikwan Railway College was re-
moved to Shanghai where it took up quarter^ at the present Nanyang
College. Mr, Zau entered this College for a year and then succeeded
in passing the postal examinations at Shanghai, entitling him to join the
Postal Service. It was during this time that Mr. Zau became a member
of the Christian church. He was appointed postmaster at Ta Tung, but
he had to resign from this office in order to remain with his family in
Shanghai. While in Shanghai, Mr. Zau was employed by the Christian
Literature Society, and placed in charge of the Society's publication of
an encyclopedia. At the same, he was interested in various business en-
terprises, serving also as trustee of the Ming Jang School and the Eliza
Yates Girls' School. In 1911, Mr. Zau was elected vice-chairman of the
Chinese Volunteer Corps of West Shanghai and in the following year,
his plan for the taxation of tobacco and wine as submitted to the Central
government was accepted and made the basis for the present system. In
1914, he was appointed deputy for the raising of government loans in
the Provinces of Kiangsu and Chekiang, for which work he was awarded
the Chiaho decoration. He also assisted Chekiang in the solution of va-
rious diplomatic problems and was appointed advisor to the Civil Gover-
nors of Chekiang and Shantung. In 1918, 'Mr. Zau was retained as an
advisor to the Cabinet. The same year, he was apfprointed a director of
the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce at Shanghai. In 1921, he be-
came advisoj- to the Bureau of Taxation on Tobacco and Wine and 1922
saw Mj-. Zau serving as China's Special Delegate to the Pan Pacific Com-
mercial Conference in Honolulu, for which work he was decorated with the
Third Class Chiaho Medal. He is director of the Shanghai Baptist College,
the South-Eastern University, the Y. M. C. A. Middle School and the Sze
Peng School, the last named being organized 'and financed entirely by him-
self. In addition, he is director of tho Luug-Hua Orphanage, the Chinese
Y. M. C. A., the Anti-Kidnapping Society and others. He is a prominent
leader oi the Baptist Church. His business occupation consists of directing
the Pootung Electric Works, the Chung Hua Industrial Company, the
Shanghai and Paoshan Bank and the Tung Yi Realty Company. He has
six sons and four daughters.
90
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. G. T. Chao
mmu^H m
(Chao Kuo-t'sai)
Mr. G. T. Chao was born ^t Shanghai in 1879. After an early educa-
tion in private schools he attended St. John's University in 1899 and grad-
uated with an A. B. degree in 1906. Between 1906 and 1907 he was English
Secretary to the Taotai of Fungyang, Anhwei Province. In August 1907
he arrived in America for a liigher education as a government stiu,dent
and studied Political Science at Cornell University. From 1908 to 1911 he
studied at the University of Wisconsin, receiving his B. A. degree in 1910
and his A. M. in 1911. He returned to China in April 1911, and was en-
gaged as a teacher at the Fu Tan College, Changsha. From 1912 to 1913
he taught at the National Institute of Shanghai. In the winter of 1913 he
was appointed Vice-President of the Tsing Hua College, Peking. In that
capacity he re-visited America. From October 1915 to April 1916 he was
WHO^S WHO IN CHINA 91
acting-director of the Chinese Educational Mission at Washington, D. C.
Many times he acted as president of Tsing Hua College— Aug.-Nov. 1913;
Aug.-Dec. 1914; March.-April 1915; Aug.-Dec. 1916; Aug.-Dec. 1917;
Jan.-July 1918; March-June 1919. Mr. Chao was chief editor of Who's
Who of American Returned Students, published by the Tsing Hjua College,
in 1917. In November 1920 he was appointed director of the Chinese
Educational Mission at Washington D. C. to succeed Dr. Philip Sze, who had
returned to China on account of other appointments. In January 1922 Mr.
Chao was re-called to Peking and became vice-president of the Tsing Hfua
college again. This post he is still holding.
^
92
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. H. T. Chao
ffi ^ H '# a ^
(Chao Te-sen)
Mr. H. Chao was born at P'ingtu Hsien, Shantung Province, in
1873. He received an engineering education in Tsingtao and started
his career as a draftsman. In 1920 Mr. Chao was engaged by the Tao
Ching Railway and in 1905 was transferred to the Shanghai-Nanking Rail-
way as Chief Draftsman of the Woosung- Shanghai Section. In 1908 he
became Chief Draftsman to the Chief Engineer of Tientsin Pukow Railway.
In 1909, at the request of Governor Tuan E-ai-kuan of Shantung, he as-
sisted Lao Tzu-chan in making a survey of the proposed Chefoo-Weihsien
Railway of Shantung. In 1911 he became assistant engineer of the Hsu-
chowfu Section of the Tientsin-Pukow Railway and in 1914 was promoted
as chief of the engineering section of tbe Tientsin Pukow Railway Ad-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 93
ministration. In 1916 he was appointed a Divisional Engineer of the North-
ern Section of the Tientsin-Pukow Railway and in 1917 becanva Acting
Chief Engineer of the Northern Section. In September of 1920 he was
given the concurrent position as chief of the engineering depiartenent of
the Chefoo-Weihsien Railway. In June 1922, Mr. Chao received the
Third Order of Paokuang Chiaho and ^was appointed acting director in
charge of the Direction of Railways of the Ministry of Qommunicatrions.
Then he was given the concurrent position a.° chairman of the Commission
for the Investigation of Railway Accounts and Director of the Railway
Through Traffic Bureau. He also served as Director-General of the Govern-
ment Railways. In October 1922 he received -the Second Order of Tas-
hou Paokuang Chiaho and in November 1022 was appointed director in
charge of the department still holding the several concurrent positions.
In .January 1923 he was appointed a Member of the Commission to take
over the Kiaotzi Railway and later became its managing director. This
position he held until July 1923 when he was appointed mlanaging direc-
tor of the Pienlo Railway.
^
94
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General- Chao Yuk'e
General Chao Yu-k'e was born at Tientsin in 1877. fle is a graduate
of the Military Academy of Pei Yang. After his graduation he became
the Drill Officer of the Bodyguards of Viceroy di Hung-chang. For
some time he was also teaching in the College for Military Officers. He
was instructor in cavalry in several provinces. Later he was prom.oted to
be battalion commander in the 3rd IWvfsion, in charge of transportation,
and other works. During that period he wrote several books on mili-
tary science, strategy and cavalry drilling. In 1912, General Chao was
promoted to be Commander of the Right Wing of the Metropolitan De-
fence. Concurrently he acted as Chief of the Military Compilation and
Translation Bureau. In 1916, when the trouble in Kweichow and Yunnan
began, he was appointed chief of the general staff attached to the com-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 95
raander-in-chief for the suppression of the uprising. He commanded the
troops which advanced into Szechwan, and personally went to Luchow
to supervise the operation. For this service he was awarded the rank
of Major General. In the midst of the advance, Pekiivg ordered the ces-
sation of hostilities and General Chao returned to Chihli to resume his old
office. In April 1917 General Chao was appointed Occupation Commissioner
of Tientsin with the concurrent position of Commander of the Defence
Force for the first area of Chihli. In July 1917 when General Chang Hsun
attempted the monarchical restoration, he participated in the expeditionary
forces led by General Tuan Chi-jui against the monarchists. After the res-
toration of the Republic, General Chang was conferred the Fifth Order of
Meijt. In the latter part of 1917 a revolt broke out in the southwest. In
the Spring of 1918 General Chao was appointed Chief of Staff to the First
Forces sent down by the Peking government to suppress the revolt. After
a while he returned to Chihli where besides taking up his old offices he
was given the concurrent position as Chief Judge of the Martial Court
for Chihli. In December 1919 General Chao was appointed Chief Staff Officer
to General Tsao Kun, Tuchun of Chihli. During the Anfu-Chihli War in
1920, he was Chief of Staff of the Chihli Forces engagied in the strife.
In September, after the civil war, he was conferred the FJrst Class Tas-
hou Chiaho and in October 1920 he was given the Fourth Order of . Merit.
Subsequently he was appointed Chief Staff Officer to General Tsao Kun.
High Inspecting Commissioner of Chihli. Shantung and Honan. In No-
vember 1921 General Chao was mfade a Chiangchun with the special title
of two words "Ching Wei." In February 1922 he received the First
Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In March 1923 he was conferred the
Third Order of Merit. In November 1928, General Chao resigned from the
post of Occupation Commissioner to become the Director-General of the
Aviation Department. He also took over the post of the Chief of the
Aviation Department as a concurrent position. In the same month he
was given the brevet rank of 6 Full General. M Marfch 1924 he was
made a Full General. General Chao is still holding the two positions in
the Aviation Department.
96
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Che Ch'ing-yun
m m m 'p m m
General Cb'e Ch'ing-yun was born at Ching Chow, Chihli, in 1881,
and was a member of a well-known family. He received a thorough
education in Chinese in his youth. The defeat of China suffered in the
Sino-Japanese War in 1895, led General Ch'e to realize the importance of
military improvement in China and then he determined to make himself a
soldier. Two years later Yuan Shih-kai started to train troops at Hsiao-
Chan, the birth place of the Peiyang Army, General Ch'e was enlisted
in the engineering regiment where he subsequently gained the know-
ledge of gunnery and surveying. His graduation fell in the year of the
Boxer Rising (1900. He was detailed to report on the condition and
operation of the Allied Troops. Following the signing of the Protocol,
the allied Troops were all withdrawn with the exception of the Russian
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 97
forces which still occupied Port Arthur and the Chines 3 Eastern Rail-
way. To report on the condition and action of the Russians, General Ch'e
was sent by the government to Siberia three times as a secj-et service
agent.' He travelled over the upper reach of the Amur River and
visited the important cities east of Ural Mountains. Upon the out-
break of the Russo-Japanese War, General Ch'e returned to China and
wrote a book on the military strength of Russia for the information of
his own government. For three years during the War, General Ch'e was
with the Russian troops along the Yalu River and gained much experif-
ence in modern warfare. After the close of the War, he entered the
Military Officers Academy and remained there until graduation. He finally
became Commander-in-Chief of Defence at Chingkiangpu, Kiangsu. After
the establishment of the Republic, President Yuan Shih-kai appointed
General Ch'e Commander of the 37th Brigade, with headquarters at Kiang
pei, where he rendered service in the suppression of banditry. In the
winter of 1912, General Ch'e was made a Brigadier General and appointed
High Advisor to the Military Governor, of Kiangsu. In the autumn of
1913, he was appointed director of the Nanking Mint, acting concurrently
as the Defence Commissioner of Wuhu. Subsequently he joined General
Chang Hsun as 'Chief of Staff, but retired soion after. In the spring of
1918, General Ch'e was appointed Military Advisor to the Tuchun of Hei-
lungkiang and Commander ■bf the Chinese Eastern Railway guards. In the
autumn of 1919, he 'was transferred to the capital of Heilungkiang to become
Chief of the Provincial Police Administration and also Chief of the Tsi-
tsihar Port Police. In 1920 he was called to Peking and became a Junior
Member of the Chiang Chun Fu, and Military Advisor to both the High
Inspector General of Chihli, Shantung and Honan, and that of Hunan and
Hupei. Inthe autumn of '1921, he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the
Emergency Forces of Shensi and also Director- General of the Opium Sup-
pression Bureau. Jn 1922, General Ch'e Was appointed Provost Marshal
of the Metropolis of Peking. In January 1924 he was given the brevet
rank of Full General.
«je
98
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Che Hin-Shing
(Ch's Hsien-Ch'eng)
Mr. Che Hin-shing was born in Hongkong in 1888, where his father
was a merchant. His native district is Fang Yu Hsien, Kuangtung. At the
age of 14 he entered Queen's College but left a year later to join St. Step-
hen's College. In 1908 he went, to England and in 1911 he was matriculated
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 99
as a commoner at Christ College, Cambridge, where he took the law degree.
He was called to the Bar by the Honorable Society of Gray's Inn in 1915,
and returned to China in 1916, after having read in chambers for one year.
He wa;9 a member of various societies in Bagland, having for their object
the promotion of better relationship and understanding between Great Britain
and China. Shortly after his return to China Mr, Che joined the Ministry
of Communications and assisted in the codification of the Railway Laws. On
the entry of China in the late War on the side of the Allies, he was as-
signed to deal with the protests by neutral countries concerning the dis-
missal of German and Austrian employees from Chinese government rail-
ways and other institutions. In 1919 when the law Codification Commis-
sion was re-organized Mr. Che was appointed one of the compilers by the
President. He assisted in the drafting of the Codes of Civil and Criminal
Procedures, the latter of which together with the "Regul-ations relating to
Judicial Stamps" and "Regulations relating to Summary Criminal Procedure"
he translated. In 1921 when Courts with jurisdiction over Russians in
Harbin were established, Mr. Che was appointed a judge of the High Court.
He was obliged, however, to leave for reasons of health owing to the se-
verity of the climate. He was then re-appointed a member of the Law
Codification Commission. In 1922 Mr. Che was appointed Chief Procurator
for the Shanghai District, a position similar to that occupied by the
Director of Public Prosecutions in England. He has always been interested
in prison reform and since his appointment to the chief position of the
Shanghai Procuratorate he has not spared hinxself in this branch of his
work. The result of his labor in this direction is the considerable enlarge-
ment of the Detention House attached to the Procuratorate by the erection
of a new building, and other reforms and improvements.
dt
100
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Chen Tsao-chung
mM^ '# a iy
(Ch'en Chao-ch'un)
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 101
General Chen Tsao-chung, was born at Ta-cheng Hsien, Chihli. In
1886 he entered Ting Hu Army as corporal and -instructior. In 1887 he
was appointed corporal of the recruits. In the following year General
Chen was promoted tight guard of the third camp of the reorganized in-
fantry. At the expiration of training the recruits in the following year, he
was decorated with sixth-class Military Merit. By 'dint of his valor in ex-
terminating bandits in the three Eastern Provinces, General Chen was
recommended as candidate for a lieutenancy in 1905. In the fall of the
same year he was appointed lieutenant of the first platoon of the sixth camp
of the Zu-Chuang Army. In 1907 General Chen was made captain of the
tenth infantry. In 1910 he was pent to study in the Military Academy of
the three Eastern Provinces, from which institution he was graduated in
the summer of the following year. Four months after graduation he was
recommended to fill the position of major. In 1912, after suppressing
bandits in Shansi General Chen was appointed major with the honorary title
of Brigadier-general. In April of the same year he was promoted com-
mander of the first regiment of [the infantry. In April 1913, he received a
fourth-class Wen Hu Decoration. In May, he twice fought Mongolian bandits,
and received th« title of lieutenant colonel. In May 1914, General Chen was
appointed Commander of the 37th Tuan of the tenth regiment. On Decem-
ber 14, 1915, he was specially appointed commander of the Woos mg Forts,
from which position he soon fesigned. He was decorated with the third-
class Wen Hu in March 1917, and also conferred the honorary title of
major-general. On July 7, 1919, he received the fourth-class Chia Wu
Decoration. On December 11, of the same year he was appointed lassistaavt
commander of the Tan Districts, Chekiang, which position he resigned in
August 1923. Since his resignation as assistant commander of the Tan
Districts, he has been holding office as assistant commander of Kashing,
Chekiang.
^
102
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Chun Shut-kai
(Ch'«n Chao-jui)
Mr. Chun Shutkai, compradore of Messrs. Butterfield and Swire,
Shanghai, and one of the leading business men of the city, was born in
Heungshan, Kwangtung, in 1873. After graduating from Queen's College,
Hongkong University, he came to Shanghai to engage in business,
being associated with his late father, Mr. Chun Ko-liang, who was
serving as compradore for Messrs. Butterfield and Swire and other
firms. After the death of his father, Mr. Chun became compradore and
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 103
in a comparatively short period of service, has won for himself a host of
friends among both the foreign and Chinese communities in Shanghai.
Mr. Chun is a director of the Canton Guild, the Shantung Road Hospital,
the Pootung Hospital and the Union Club. He is a member of the Chinese
General Chamber of Commerce at Shanghai and an advisor to the Ministry
of Communications. For his services during the drive for funds of the
International Famine Relief Committee, he was awarded in 1922 the
Third Class Chiaho Medal.
^
104
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Ch'en Ch'i-shou
Mr. Chen Chi-shou, was born at Haining, Chekiang, in 1869. After
receiving an education under private tuition and passing several literary
examinations, he was made magistrate of various cities under the Manchu
dynasty, including Soochow, Kiangyin, Kingahan and Fenghsien of Kiangsu
and serving also as deputy of transportation, machinery arms and tele-
phone services and director of bureaus of commercial affairs, of public
works, of agriculture, of education, of police and foreign aiidub During
the Nanking Exposition, he was appointed chief of the Bureau of Agriculture,
Works and Commerce. After the exposition, Mr. Chen promoted the
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 105
Kiangsu Industrial Home, of which he became director after its establish-
ment, serving also as magistrate of the Kiangnan Land and River Police
and as Judge for various cities in the Soochow Circuit, in which capacity,
he tried and handed down important verdicts in some of the most his-
torical criminal as well as civil cases. In recognition of his work, he
was made a prefect with the rank of an expectant Taotai of the Manchu
Regime. In 1915 a ^recommendation was made by Civil Governor Chu
Chia-pao of Chihli to make Mr. Chen mayor of a Chihli city. In 1917
he was appointed by Civil Governor Chi of Chekiang to serve under his
administration. In July 1919, Mr. Chen was appointed Magistrate of the
French Mixed Court, Shanghaiti Concurrently, he takes an active part
in famine relief work and in recognition of this service, he has been re-
commended by the Honan Governor to be promoted with distinction^ which
recommendation has been accepted by the Cabinet.
^
106
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Ch'en Chieh
Mr. Ch'en Chieh, a native of Dianghsiang, Hunan was born in
Chekiang in 1885. He received his elementary training in a private school
and in 1890 he entered the Middle School of Hangchow, Chekiang. In
1902, when the goverment was yeplacing classical Chinese learning with
modern education, Mr. Ch'en was selected and sent to a preparatory school
in Japan, where he was graduated. After this he spent three years in
the First High School of Tokyo. Later he attended the Tokyo Imperial
University. In the winter of 1907, he went to Germany and continued
his study of law and political economy in Berlin Univeiisitiy, He also
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 107
traveled extensively in European countries. Mr. Ch'en came back to China
in 1911, just at the time when Republic&n institutions were supplanting
the Manchu rule. Subsequently Mr. Ch'en was appointed by the govern-
ment to be the director of the commercial department of the Mnnisfry of
Industry and Commerce, which was later changed into the Ministiy of
Agriculture and Commerce. Later he was promoted to be the director
of the industry and commercial department of the same Ministry in which
he served for five years. In 1916, Mr. Ch'en resigned from that Ministry
to accept the post of Councillor in the Peking Cabinet. Then! the question
of declaring war with Germany occasioned a crisis in Peking. Mr. Chen
participated in all discussions of this iquestion as well as the taking over
of German Concessions in Hankow and Tientsin. In ■ 1917 Mr. Ch'en again
joined the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce /as secretary with the
concurrent post of Councillor of the Mjinistry of Finance. In September
1917 he was appointed to the Commissionership of Industry of Shantuiag
Province, which he declined. He was again transferred to the Cabinet as
a member of the Commission on War affairs. While in Peking, Mr. Ch'en
taught in the law department of the Peking National Univoi-ai'ty and the
Peking Law School. He speaks English, German and Japenese with an ad-
ditional knowledge of French and Latin. In ,Pebruary 1924 Mr. Ch'en was
removed from his dual position ,in Hupei. In May 1924 he was appointed
assistant director general of the National Conservancy Bureau, Peking which
position he is still holding. In 1918 Mr. Ch'en w-as ielected a member of
the New Parliament which made Hsu Shih-chang as President of China. Mr.
Ch'en represented Hunan Province. In November 1919 Mr. Ch'en was con-
ferred the Second Order of Paokuang Chiaho. In January 1920 the Second
Order of Wenfu was conferred upon him. In December 1920 he was
appointed Superintendent of Customs of Hankow. In January 1921 Mr.
Ch'en was given the concurrent position of Commissioner for Foreign Af-
fairs of Hupei. In November 1922 he was decorated by the First Order of
Tashou Chiaho. In February 1923 his name was recorded by the Cabinet as
candidate Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary.
^
108
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. T. L. Chen
(Ch'en Chih-Iin)
Mr. T. L. Chen was born at Hai-ch'en flsien, Fukien Province, in
1897. He became a Shiu-tsai or Licentiate in 1896. In 1902 he gra-
duated from the Anglo-Chinese College, Foochow. In 1903 Mr. Chen be-
came Master of the An Chee High School. In the same year he became a
Chu-jen or Provincial Graduate. In 1904-1905 Mr. Chen travelled through
the Straits- Settlements and Dutch Colonies. On his return he became
President of the Middle School of Changchow. In 1908 Mr. Chen was
elected Vice-President of the Fukien Provincial Assembly. First time
from October 1912 to February 1913 and second time from December 1913
to May 1914, Mr. Chen was Financial Commissioner of Fukien. During
the intervening period he was Taotai of Amoy. Then he was also Pre-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 109
sident of the Anti-Opium Bureau. In May 1914 he was called to Peking.
In September 1917 Mr. Chen was nominated by the Fukien Governors as
Senator of the Provisional Senate in Pekingf. He is at presenti the gieneral
manager of the Fukien Industry Company, director of the Foochow Elec-
tric Light Co., Foochow Motor-Car Co., and the Whapao Mining Co.
He is also the manager of the Woo-Hong Bank lof Amoy, and the Chinese
manager of the American-Oriental Bank of Fukien, Foochow. Besides
all the above responsible positions with which he is connected, he is the
chairman of the Foochow Y. M. C. A., vice-chairman pf Fooclhow Interna-
tional Anti-Opium Society, and is one of the members of the National Com-
mittee of Y. M. C. A's. of China.
^
no
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Ch'en Chin-t'ao
Dr. Ch'en Chin-tao was born at Nan Hai Hsien, Kuangtung Province,
in 1870. He received his education and was graduated from Queen's
College, Hongkong. After graduation he became instructor at Queen's
College and later went north and became professor at Pei Yang University.
Dr. Ch'en went to America in 1901 to pursue his higher education with
government support. He studied mathematics and Social Science at Columbia
University during 1901-1902. After graduating with the degree of M. S.
in 1902, he entered Yale University and studied Political Economy and was
graduated with the degree of Ph. D. in 1906, the subject of his doctor's
thesis being "Societary Circulation." Dr. Ch'en returned to China in 1906
and was the same year made a Hanlin by the Imperial Court. He held
successively the following positions in the Ching Regime: Educational In-
spector at Canton; Educational Inspector at Peking; Inspector of the Ta-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA HI
Ching Government Bank; Chief of the Budget Department of the Board
of Finance; Chief of the Department of Statistics of the same Board;
Vice-Director of the Bureau of Printing and Engraving; Chairman of the
Currency Reform Commission ; Vice-Governor of t he Ta-Ching Government
Bank; Member of the Tzu Cheng Yuan; Vice-President of the Board of
Finance in Yuan Shih-kai's Cabinet. Early in 1912 Dr. Ch'en was appointed
Minister of Finance under the Provisional government. Later he was
Chinese representative to the International Conference of Chambers of
Commerce held in Boston. He was also the Commissioner sent to select a
site for the Chinese Government Pavilion at the Panama-Pacific Exposi-
tion, San Francisco. In September 1912 Dr. Ch'en was appointed Director
of the Audit Bureau under the Cabinet. This appointment was made some-
time before his return to China. In October 1913 he was appointed
Financial Commissioner to Europe. For a long time Dr. Ch'en acted as
Advisor to the President. On June 23, 1916, Dr. Ch'en was appointed
Minister of Finance and to hold concurrently the post of Director General
of the Salt Administration. On June 30 he was appointed concurrently
Minister of Foreign Affairs. This latter position he held until October
1916. In May 1917 he was removed from the Finance post as a result of
a plot by political opponent. He was charged with embezzling public funds
and was prosecuted by the court. In February 1918 he was exonerated
by special mandate of the President. In 1920 Dr. Ch'en, being recognized
as one of China's best financial experts, was appointed Minister of Finance
by the Canton Military government. He is the author of many stan;dard
works among which are "Distribution of Wealth," "Public School in the
Four Countries." He has been awarded the Second Order of Pao-Kuang
Tashou Chiaho.
^
112
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Ch'en Chiung-ming
General Ch'en Chiung-ming was born at Haifeng Hsien, Kuangtung
Province, in 1875. He received a thorough education in Chinese and ob-
tained while still a young man the literary degree of Chu-j'en, Provincial
Graduate, through the Competitive Examination in the Ching Regime.
General Ch'en attended the Government Law School of Kuangtung and
w!as a member of the Provincial Council of Kuangtung representing Hai-
feng Hsien when the Ching Dynasty inaugurated the first item of cons-
titutional government in China in its last days. Upon the outbreak of
the Revolution in October 1911, at Wuchang, General Ch'en echoed at H^ui-
chow, Kuangtung, by getting hold of the Garrison trodps stationing there
and declaring independence, therefore the whole Province of Kuangtung
was won over by revolutionists'. Hu Han-ming was elected Tutuh and
General Ch'en Chiung-ming Assistant Tutuh, of Kuangtung. In Jarijuary
1912 Dr. Sun Yat-sen was elected .president of the Provisional government
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 113
in Nanking and Hu Han-ming left the position of Tutuh to become chief
secretary to the President. Ch'en Chiung-ming became Acting Tutuh.
In July 1912 Hu Han-ming returned to Canto'n and was elected Tutuh of
Kuangtung, General Ch'en was entrusted with the work of reorganizing
the troops and in December 1912 he was appointed by the Peking govern-
ment the Hu-Chun-Shih, or Director of Military Affairs, of Kuangtung under
the Tutuh. In June 1913 Hu Han-ming was appointed Pacification Commis-
sioner to Tibet and General Ch'en succeeded his as Tutuh of Kuangtunig.
In July 1913 General Ch'en declared independence in Kuangtung in response
to the Second Revolution in defiance of Yuan Shih-kai. In Augjust 1913
General Ch'en fled from Canton when the Revolution had proved a failture
and the Peking government had appointed General Lung Chi-kuang to
the post of Tutuh of Kuangtung. General Ch'en stayed in the South Sea
Islands for several years. General Ch'en returned to Canton in 1915 when
Yuan Shih-kai had launched his monarchical movement. He participate^d
in the several attempts to recover Kuomingtang's power in Kuangtung.
In June 1917 the First Parliament was for the second time dissolved' in
Peking. Kuangtung and Kuangsi immediately declared independence.
General Ch'en accompanied Dr. Sun Yat-sen to Canton when the latter
commenced his constitutional struggle against Peking. A new govern-
ment in which Sun Yat-sen/Tang Shao-i and Wu Ting-fang took the lead-
ing role, was formed there. The ex-Parliamentarians proceeded to Can-
ton and in August 1917 the Extraordinary Parliament was inaugurated.
In May 1918 a military government of seven directors. Dr. Sun Yat-sen,
late Dr. Wu Ting-fang, Admiral Ling Tao-h'si. T'sen Chun-hsuan, Tang
Shao-i, General Lu Yung-ting and General Tang Chi-yao-was establish at
Canton. General Ch'en was given the portfolio of War. Subsequently he
was ordered to lead an expeditionary force to Fukien in order to assis-fc
the Fukien Constitutionalists to be independent of Peking, but he only
reached Changchow, Fukien, remaining in his occupied territory until
the summer of 1920. At one time most of the Southern and South- Western
Provinces were !in revolt aglainst Peking, and in sympathy with Canton. Soon,
however, quarrels occurred among the Southern leaders. In the spring of
1920 Sun Yat-sen and his associates were ousted from power by the Kuangsi
faction under General Lu Yung-ting, and his nominee. Mo Jung-hsin, as-
sumed control of Kuangtung', In summer of 1920 General Ch'en received
Sun Yat-sen's order from Shanghai to send his forces to wedge an attaclc'
on Kuangtung to oust the Kuangsi regime. General Ch'en arrived ^t Can-
ton early in November 1920, after General Mo Jung-hsin had cleared the way
for him. In December 1920 Sun Yat-sen, and his associates returned' to
Canton again. In April 1921 Sun Yat-sen was elected by the Extraordin-
ary Parliament the President of China. General Ch'en was appointed Civil
Governor of Kuangtung and concurrently Commander-in-Chief of the Kuang-
tung Troops. Subsequently General Ch'en personally led the Cantonese ex-
pedition against the Kuangsi niilitarists. In August 1921, he disarmed the
best equipped soldiers in Kuangsi and refused to assume any military or
civil office in that province and returned to Canton, leaving the province of
Kuangsi to Kuangsi people. During the winter 1921-22 a military and
114 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
political coalition, with General Chang Tso-lin as the leader, was formed.
All of the forces under Sun Yat-sen in Kuangtung and Kii.angsi, with the
exception of the three Kuangtung Divisions under General Gh'en Chiung-
ming, were for this movement. Dr. Sun personally led his forces to
Kueilin, the capital of Kuangsi, during the winter. In February 1922 a
step was made in the direction of the north. To this General Wu Pei-fu
paid no attention thus Dr. Sun failed to attain his object of dividing
Wu's strength and attacking him on many sides.
In the meanwhile in Canton city Genteral Ch'en Chiung-ming was
obstinately withholding his support. Early in 1922, Dr. Sun seeing his
positions hopeless abandoned Kuangsi and retreated into Kuangtung. His
troops took up a new position at Shaochow on the North River, thence
menacing the province of Ki'angsi, while Dr. Sun himiself returned to Can-
ton to force General Ch'en to give him support. This led directly to
a breach of relations. In April 1922 General Ch'en was removed from
the posts of Civil Governor and the Commander-in-Chief. He at once
took his troops to Waichow. Dr. Sun took command in Canton, attemptirig
to direct an advance through Kiangsi.. In the meantime Wu Pei-fu had
won the war in the north with Chang Tso-lin badly de.feated. His nor-
thern units were released for the defence of Kiangisi before Dr. Sun could
have made any headway in that province. Sun's power thus declined
rapidly and he was eventually driven from Canton by General Ch'en's com-
manders in August 1922. In September 1922 General Ch'en assumed the
post of Commander-in-Chief in Canton. In February 1923 the Kuoming-
tang generals became active in Kuangtung again. General Ch'en was
finally overrun by them and obliged to return to his stronghold at Waichow.
Canton once again went to the hands of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. Since the begin-
ing of the summer 1923, (the Kuangsi generals made a fresh attack upon
Sun Yat-sen. General Ch'en desiring to take advantage of this opportu-
nity to take revenge, sided with the Kiangsi forces by attacking Sun Yat-
sen from Waichow. However the Kiangsi forces were not successful. Since
July 1923 the city of Waichow has been besiged by Dr. Sun Yat-sen's forces .
^
WHO S WHO IN CHINA
115
Mr. Chunjen Constant Chen
^ ^ A
(Ch'en Chun-jen)
Mr. Chunjen Constant Chen, was born November 1, 1898 and is a native
of Shanghai. He received his early education in the Ming Li Middle School
of Shanghai, after which he went to the United States as a privately sup-
ported student. From 1914 to 1915 he studied at the University High School
of the University of California and then entered the University of Cali-
fornia. In 1919, he entered Cornell University and received the degree
of B. S. the same year. Then he attended the University of Maryland and
re&eived the degree of M. S. the following year. During his stay at Cornell
he served as student assistant in the department of Crop Physiology In-
vestigations, Bureau of Plant Industry, M. S. Department of Agriculture,
and assistant in Entomology, Summer School of Cornell. During his stay
at Maryland University, he served as research assistant in Plant Pathology
of Maryland Agriculture Experiment Station from 1919 to 1920. In 1920
he was appointed a fellow in Cotton Improvement, on behalf of the Chinese
116 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Cotton Millowners' Association and was attached to the U. S. Department
of Agriculture. Mr. Chen returned to China in the summer of 1921 and was
appointed agricultural advisor to the Commissioner of Industry of Chihli
Province. In 1922, he was appointed Cotton Specialist in the Ministry
of Agriculture and Commerce. He is now 'professor of Biology and Agri-
culture in Tsing Hua College and lecturer in Agriculture in Yenching
University in charge of Plant Breeding Experimenjt Station at Hai Tien,
Peking member and field representative of thu World Agriculture Society
and collaborator of the Botanical Abstracts, U. S. A. He is a contributor
to a number of technical publications in America such as Science, the
Phytopathology and the Technical Bulletin of the Maryland Agriculture
Experiment Station.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
117
Dr. Ch'en Huan-chang
m^ ^^ mm
Dr. Ch'en Huan-chang, was born on Inkslab Island, Kwangtung, in
1881. Dr. Chen is a pupil of Kang Yu-wei, China's modern sage. Be-
tween 1899 and 1900 Dr. Chen was editor of a Chinese paper called the
Chinese Reformer. In 1902 he was engaged by the Shih-ming High
School as a professor of Chinese literature. A year later he was promoted
to principal of the school. In 1905 Dr. Chen passed the metropolitan lite-
rary examinations in Peking and became a metropolitan graduate (Ph. D.).
Soon afterwards, having received a government scholarship, he went to
America to secure a modern education. Dr. Chen entered Columbia Uni-
versity, New York, and he was given a Ph. D. in 1911, his subject of
Doctor's Dissertation was the "Economic Principles of Confucius and His
School." Dr. Chen returned to China in January of the same year and
118 WHO^S WHO IN CHINA
founded the National Confucian Association, He was elected President of
the Association in 1913. In 1913 Dr. Ch'en was made a Legal Advisor to
the President. At the same time he became editor of the Confucian As-
sociation Monthly. That year he tried every possible means to induce the
Parliament to pass a bill proposing that Confucianism be made the State
Religion of China. His efforts failed as a Result of the opposition of the
Christian and Mohammedan members of the Parliament. Dr. Ch'en was also
a member of the Tuchun's or the New Parliament which was assembled in
Peking in August 1918. In January 1920 Dr. Ch'en was conferred the
Third Order of Wenfu. After the dissolution of the Second Parliament fol-
lowing the Chihli-Anfu War in July 1920, Dr. Ch'en became divisor to both
the President and the Premier which positions he is still holding. In Jan-
uary 1923 Dr. Ch'en was conferred the Second Order of Tashou Paokuang
Chiaho and in March the Second Order of Wenfu.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
119
General Ch'en Kuang-yuan
General Ch'en Kuang-yuan was born at Wuchinghsien, Chihli in 1S78.
He received military education from the Peiyang Military Academy and
served in the Peiyang Army through different ranks. In 1912, the first
year of the Republic General Ch'en Kuang-yuan was given the rank of Bri-
gadier-General. In July 1913, he was appointed Occupation Commissioner
of Chihfeng, Jehol Special District, which position he held until May 1914
when it was abolished. The troops that were then in his command were
the 12th Division. He was ordered to move his soldiers to Ksiyuan or the
western suburb of Peking for the protection' of Peking*. In May, 1917.
when General Tuan Chi-jui, Prime Minister, was dismissed by a mandate in
consequence of his decision to force the Parliament to pass a bill on China's
declaration of war against Germany, and all military governors of the dif-
120 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
ferent provinces assembled at Peking and schemed to overthrow the ad-
ministration of President Li Yuan-hung, General Chen Kuang-yuan was
appointed Assistant Commander-in-chief of the Metropolitan Precautionary
Force by General Wang Shih-cheng, then Prime Minister, who wias Com-
mander-in-Chief of the Force-, General Chen assisted General Tuan Chi-jui
in the movement to overthrow Chang ILsun's monarchical movement and
restore the Republic in July 1917. His troops on this occasion rendered
no small service. They fought General Chang iTsun's soldiers by way of
Hsichihmen and successfully drove them into their head quarters and finally
cornered them. On July 27th 1917 General Chen was appointed Tutung of
Charhar Special District. However, a mandate issued on August 6, 1917
transferred him to the post of Tuchun of Kiangsi. In October 1920 General
Gh'en was made a Full General. In June 1922 General Ch'en was relieved
of the post of Kiangsi Tuchun and commiander of the 12th Division.
f^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
121
Mr. ChantLim Chung
(Chen Lien-chung)
Chan Lim Chung, of Namhoi, Kwangtung, born in 1889, is president
of the General Chamber of Commerce of Kwangtung and treasurer of the
Canton Merchants Volunteer Corps, an organized army of civilians with
miltary training and equipment prepared for local defence. Mr. Chan is
right hand man of the well-known Cantonese merchant, Chan Lim Pak,
his elder brother. Chen Lim Chung is a director in many noted local
firms and associated with his brother in the compradore office of the Hong-
kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation of Shameen, Canton. Like his
brother, Lim Pak, Mr. Chan follows pretty closely in the way of giving
support to activities for the welfare of the public. The property of the
Canton Merchants Volunteer Corps, including lands, building, arms and
122 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
ammunitions belonging to the general headquarters of the organization,
worth nearly a million dollars, is under his direct attention. The fact
that the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce at Canton has been able
to function at all during the disturbed political situation at Canton has
been due largely to his enterprise and executive ability.
^
WHO'S WHO iJSf CHINA
l^^
Mr* Chan Lim Pak
(Ch'en Lien-pai)
Mr. Chan Lim Pak was born in Namhoi, Kwangtung, in 1884, He was
president of the General Chamber of Commerce in Canton 1920-1922 and
is at present Commander-in-Chief of the Merchants Volunteers of the
Province of Kwangtung and Colonel- in-Chief commanding the ten regi-
ments in Canton City proper. The Canton Corps consists of 7,000 well-
trained and equipped men in active service with 6,000 recruits awaiting
assignments pending the completion of their six-months course of instruc-
tion in military science and tactics being given by regular army officers.
Mr. Chan is a major-general (brevet) in the ranks of the Chinese Army,
an honor accorded him by Peking several years ago in consideration of
his service in the promotion and development of the best armed corps of
civilians for local defense purposes without any financial support from
124 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
the government local or central except good-will and recognition. Mr.
Chan gives liberally toward all forms of useful charity and education, be-
ing a director in many schools and hospitals, besides financing a primary
school in his home town. He was many years president of the Canton
Chinese Silk Association and is the president of the Canton Mining and
the Kwangtung Export Associations. In business Mr. Chan is Chinese
agent of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation in Shameen,
Canton, and general manager of the Tee Lee Ming Company, chief director
of Chung Kwock Po Lee S. S. Company and of Cheong Wah Insurance
Company; president of liopack Company of Canton and Hongkong; prop-
rietor of Cheong Chen Silk Firm, and one of the directors of the Nanyang
Brothers Tobacco Company, Chen Kwong Company, Chu Kong Motor Boat
Company, and other leading Chinese firms of Hongkong and Canton. He
owns the fastest motor-boats in Canton and his house in the western sub-
urb of Canton is the finest in this city. Mr. Chan has refused many offers
for political office, and he has served only as trade commissioner to the
Panama-Pacific Exposition in San Francisco, an honorary position awarded
him in recognition of his sarvice to commerce and finance in South China.
In February 1921 Mr. Chang was decorated by the Peking government witih
the Second Order of Paokuang Chiaho. In May 1923 he received the Second
Order of Tashau Chiaho.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
125
Mr. Tcheng-loh.
m m ^ ih ^
(Chen Lu)
Mr. Tcheng-loh was born at Min Hsien, Fukien Province, in 1878.
Ee is a student of Chinese classics, history and philosophy. He became
a Licentiate (B. A.) through competitive examination. In 1893 he enter-
ed the Arsenal School at Foochow, and studied science and French un'der
the guidance of M. Medard. In 1896 he left this school to join Chekiang
College, in Wuchang, and four years later was made a teachesr. In 1903
Mr. Tcheng was sent to Paris by Viceroy Chang Chih-tung, He joined the
faculty of Law in the Paris University where he graduated with the degree
of Bachelor of Law. In 1906 Mr. Tcheng was attached to a special mission
to European countries to study their constitutions. Tai Hung-che, Minister
of Rites, and Viceroy Tuan Fang were chiefs of the mission. On this oc-
126 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
casion Tcheng-loh visited England, Germany, America, Italy, Belgium and
Switzerland. He compiled the voluminous reports of the result of the trip
for the Court. In 1907 Mr. Tcheng passed with success the law examina-
tions. In the same year the Imperial Manchu government detailed him to
accompany H. E. Lu Cheng-hsiang, then Chinese delegate to the Hague
conference, to Europe. He received the rank of Secretary of Embassy of
the 2nd Class. In 1908, on being recalled to China, Mr. Tchen^g was {ap-
pointed Councillor in the Foreign Office, with the concurrent position of co-
director of the Ch'u Tsai Kuan (a special school for higii officials- who
desired to study constitutional, judicial, political and administrative topics).
At the same time he was Chief of the Department for drawing up a cons-
titution for China. He was duly given the degree of Ph. D., later he
presented himself for the Imperial Examinations and was made Han-lin and
appointed Compiler of |theJIan-Lin-yuan. In 1909 Mr. Tcheng was promoted
to be Chief Secretary of the Waichiapu (Board of Foreign Affairs) a year
later he became Director of Political Affairs, which office he retained dur-
ing the revolution of 1911. In 1914 he was appointed Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Republic of Mexico. In August of the
same year he was sent to attend the Sino-Russian-Mong'olian conference at
Kiakta in the capacity of Chinese Plenipotentiary. In 1915 President Yuan
Shih-kai appointed Tcheng-loh Resident-General at Urga. In 1916 Mr.
Tcheng was ordered by Mandate to carry out the investiture of the Ltvin,g
Buddha, the spiritual and temporal chief of Mongolia. In 1917, worn out
by the bad climate of Urga, Mr. Tcheng was granted sick leave and returned
to Peking. After having helped the organization of the High Diplomatic
Commission during the European war, he returned to Foochow. In April
1918 Mr. Tcheng was recalled to Peking and in May 4, 1918 appointed the
vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs. He was in charge of the ministry from
November 1918 to September 1920. In January 1920 Mr, Tcheng was con-
ferred the first order of Wenfu. In September 1920 he was appointed
Minister to France which position he is still holding. In October 1922
Mr. Tcheng was awarded the Fifth Order of Merit. In July 1923 he was
appointed Chinese delegate to the League of Nations. Mr. Tcheng is the
author of Historical Works on Mongolia and Types of French Documents.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
137
Mr* M. K. Chen
(Ch'en Mou-chieh)
Mr. M. K. Chen was born at Minuhsien, Fukien Province, in 1887.
Being a member of an educated family he was >given thorough education
in his youth. He went to the United States of America in 1903 for higher
education. Soon after his arrival, he joined the Cook Academy, where he
graduated in 1909. Dr. Wu Ting-fang, then Chinese Minister to America
granted to him a government scholarship in recognition of his good re-
cord. In 1909 Mr. Chen joined Cornell University where he specialized
in civil engineering. During his attendance at that university he wrote
a thesis on "Hydraulic Surges in Stand Pipes." In 1911 he was chosen
as captain of a survey party. One year later he graduatad from Cornell
After his graduation he returned to China, and was appointed Technical
128 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Expert of the Bureau of the Construction of the Commercial Mart at Pu-
kow. At the same time he was a teacher at the College for Naval Officers
at Nanking. In 1914 he became assistant engineer of the Nanking-Chang-
sha Railway. In 1915 he headed the survey party for the Keemen-Tenchi
section. In 1917 be was appointed senior lassistant engineer of the Chu-
chow-Chow Railway, and while in its service, was chief of party. In 1918
he was appointed Directorate-General of Flood Relief and Conservancy. Three
months later he became assistant engineer-in-charge of survey under the
Chihli River Commission with its headquarters at Tientsn. In May 1920 he
resignned this position in order to accept the appointment of engieer-in-
chief to the directorate -general for the construction of the Hulutao port.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
129
Mr. S. K. Chen
Ht tit 3fc ^ g m
(Ch'en Shih-kuang)
130 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr, S. K. Chen was born of Cantonese parents. He has been in the
Chinese government service since 1901, serving first as student interpre-
ter and a few years later the Chief Secretary of the Bureau for Foreign
Affairs, Shanghai. In the latter capacity, he has served under more
than fifteen commissioners. Mr. Chen is at present holding besides the
post of Chief Secretary of the Bureau for Foreign Affairs, the following
concurrent positions: Advisor on Foreign Affairs to the Military and the
Civil Governor of Chekiang ; Secretary for Foreign Affairs to the Commander-
in-Chief of the Chinese Navy; English Secretary to the Occupation Com-
missioner of Shanghai and Sungkiang; Advisor to the Tariff Revision
Commission. Mr. Chen was conferred the Third Order of Chiaho in June
1919; the Second Order of Chiaho in July 1921; the Fourth Order of
Paokuang Chiaho in September 1922 ; and the Second Order of Tashou Chiaho
in March 1923. He has also been conferred the Third Order of Wenfu.
Mr. Chen is the wearer of the following decorations and medals: Chevalier
of the Legion d'Honneur, France; Officer de I'Instruction Public, Franca;
Officer de I'Etoile Noire, France; Cavaliere Knight of the Crown of Italy;
Order of the Double Rising Sun; Official da Ordem Militar de Cristo, Port-
ugal; Brunswick Order of Henry the Lion, Germany; L'Order des Millioiiis
d'Elephants et du Parasol Blanc, Reyaume de Luang-Prabang. In September
1924, following the resignation of Mr. Hsu Yuan, Commissioner of Foreign
Affairs and Superintendent of native Customs of Shanghai, Mr. S. K. Chen
was appointed to these positions.
\
rM
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
131
Mr. Ch'en Shih-li
Mr. Ch'en Shih-li was born at He-chiang Hsien, Szechuan province, in
1875. He was a law graduate and began his official career in 1896 as a
member of the Ping Pu, then the Board of War. In 1899 Mr. Ch'en was
given the rank of Expectant Secretary of the Ping Pu and in 1900 he was
given on the recommendation of the Viceroy of Szechuan the rank of
Taotai and was subsequently sent to Kuangtung for appointment. In
1901, at the recommendation of the Viceroy of Chihli, Mr. Ch'en was
appointed by a special Imperial Decree a Court Director of the Fourth
Order. In 1903 he was given an appointment on the Board of Commerce.
In 1905 he became Director of the East Police Bureau of the Outer City
of Peking. In 1906 he was appointed Councillor-in-Chief to the Outer
City Police Administration. In February 1907 Mr. Ch'en was appointed
Chief Secretary of the same administration. Five months later he became
132 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Chief of the Oouter City Police. In 1908 he was made a member of the
Councillors' Bureau in the Ming Chen Pu, then the Board of the Interior
and concurrently the directorship of the Metropolian Secret Service. In
July 1909 Mr. Ch'en was ordered to wait for appointment as Military
Deputy-Lieutenant-Governor. In May 1912, the First Year of the Republic,
Mr. Ch'en was appointed Chief of the Police Department in the Ministry
of the Interior. In May 1913 he received the additional post of legal
councillor to the President. About the same time he was given the Fourth
Order of Chiaho. In Octaber 1915 Mr. Chen was appointed to another
concurrent position as Chief of the Local Police Training Institution. In
Septem'ber 1916 he was ordered to act as Chief pf the Department of
Rites and Ceremonies. In January 1917 he became chief of the Depart-
ment of Civil Engineering in the Ministry of the Interior. In February
he was awarded the Third Order of Chiaho. In August he was ordered
to hold concurrently the post of the proctor of the Directorate of tht
Metropolitan Municipal Administration. In December he received the
Fourth Order of Paokuang Chiaho. In January 1918 Mr. Ch'en was ap-
pointed resident director of the Municipal Administration, still holding
other posts in the Ministry of the Interior. In March he was honored
with the Second Order of Chiaho and in December, the Third of Wenfu.
In February 1919 Mr. Ch'en was appointed a councillor of the Alien
Property Administration Bureau. In May he received the Second Order of
Tashou Chiaho. In March 1920 Mr. Ch'en was decorated with the Second
Order of Wenfu. In July he was given another position in the Councillors'
Hall of the Ministry of Communications. In the same month he was ap-
pointed Advisor to the Municipal Administration. In October he assumed
the post of chief in charge of the Works Department in the Famine Re-
lief Administration. A month later a Commission was called in the Min-
istry of the Interior for the study of famine relief measiures and Mr.
Ch'en was made one of its members. In December he was appointed Co-
Director of the Famine Relief Bond Bureau. In February 1921 Mr. Ch'en
was conferred the Second Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In December
he was invited by the Civil Governor of Anhui to be his High Advisor.
In February 1922 Mr. Ch'en was appointed executive member of the Yang-
tze River Commission and in March became chairman of the Yangtze
Technical Committee under that Commission. In November 1922, Mr. Ch'en
was removed from the posts that he had been hitherto holding in the
Ministry of the Interior, which he had continuously served since 1907.
In April 1923 Mr. Ch'en was reinstated in the Ministry of the Interior
and given the former post of Chief of the Department of Civil Engineer-
ing. This post he is still holding.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
133
General Chen Shu-fan
General Ch'en Shu-fan was born at An-kang Hsien Shensi province,
and is a graduate of the Paotingfu Military Academy. He played an im-
portant part in the First Revolution commanding the people's army at
Hotung, Shansi, against the royal soldiers and therefore, subsequent to the
eetablishment of the Republic in 1912, he was appointed Commander of
the First Mixed Brigade in the province of Shensi. From 1912-14 the
notorious bandit chief, "The White Wolf," created much disturbance in
Honan, Shansi and Shensi in open defiance of the provincial authorities.
General Ch'en maintained order and peace in the province of Shensi to
134 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
the best of his ability and his efforts finally drove the White Wolf out of
Shensi. In May 1915 General Ch'en was appointed Defence Commissioner
of Southern Shensi and in January 1916 he was transferred to Northern
Shensi. In December 1915 occurred the Yunnan Uprising against Yuan
Shih-kai's monarchical attempt. Upon reaching Northern Shensi, General
Ch'en gathered together all the revolutionary members and declared in-
dependence at San Yuan, at the north of Northern Shensi. General Lu
Chien-chang then Military Governor of Shensi, was driven away and Gen-
eral Ch'en was made Commander of the Shensi Republican Army. Fol-
lowing the death of Yuan Shih-kai in June 1916, Li Yuan-hung became
president and in July he appointed General Ch'en Tuchun of Shensi. In
July 1917 he was ordered t o act concurrently as Civil Governor of Shensi.
These positions he held until May 1921 when he was relieved and sub-
sequently created a Chiang Chun of the Chiang Chun Fu with the special
title of two words "Hsiang Wei." He has since been living in retirement
at Tientsin.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
135
Dr. S. P. Chen
(Chen Szu'pang)
Dr. S. P. Chen, obtained his preliminary education in the Federated
Malay States. His professional education commenced at Caius College,
Cambridge, where he also distinguished himself by being appointed one
of the assistant demonstrators in anatomy in the University Laboratory
early in his third year. Here he passed his natural science tripos with
honors. • He underwent his hospital training at St. Thomas's Hospital,
London, and on completion he took the medical and surgical degrees of
his old University. He then served a year as Senior Resident Surgeon
at the Western General Dispensary in London, thus acquiring a consider-
able amount of practical experience. While acting as Chief Medical
136 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Officer in Harbin, Dr. Chen received an invitation from the Ministry of the
Interior to the Government Isolation Hospital, the first of its kind in the
country. A large number of infectious cases have been cared for, since
its organization which would have otherwise been at large and been the
means of spreading infection, perhaps with fatal results, to many more.
During the floods in the autumn of 1917, and when the danger of epidem-
ic outbreaks was threatening on account of the presence of large num-
bers of refugees in Tientsin, H. E. Hsiung Hsi-ling, Director-General of Flood
Relief, appointed Dr. Chen to be his Chief Medical Officer of Health. As
a result of Dr. Chen's preventive measures no outbreak of epidemic dis-
ease occurred. In the outbreak of pneumonic plague in Shansi in 1918,
Dr. Chen was one of the three commissioners appointed by the govern-
ment to cope with the situation. In June 1919 Dr. Chen was appointed
Principal Medical Expert of the Ministry of the interior still holding the
position of director of the Peking Government Isolation Hospital. In
October 1921, Dr. Chen was conferred the Second Order of Chiaho, in
December 1921, the Second Order of Tacho Chiaho; and in June 1922,
the 4th Order of Wenfu.
^
ft
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
W
Dr. Chen Ta
(Chen Ta)
Dr. Chen Ta is a native of Yuhang, Hangchow, China. He studied
Chinese at home under private tutorship, then went to the primary school
of his district, and after graduation went to the Middle School at Hang-
chow. In 1911, he was admitted to Tsing Hua College, Peking. Five years
later, he was sent to the United States for higher education. He received
his A. B. degree from Reed College, Portland, Oregon, in 1919, his A, M.
degree from Columbia University in 1920, and his Ph. D. degree from
138 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Columbia University in 1923. In the year 1919-20, Dr. Chen was editor
of the Chinese Students Quarterly, which is published by the Chinese
Students Alliance in the United States. During the academfic year 1920-
21, he was University Fellow in Social Science at Columbia University.
He was asociated with the Chinese Delegation to the Disarmament Con-
ference, held at Washington, D. C, November 11, 1921 to February 14,
1922. He is author of Chinese Migrations, with special reference ■ to
labor conditions, bulletin No. 340 of the United States Bureau of Labor
Statistics. Since 1923, he has been instructor at Tsing Hua College, and
concurrently editor of the Tsing Hua Journal, a quarterly magazine published
in the Chinese language.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
13^
Dr. Chen Ding-sai
(Ch'en T'ing-jui)
Dr. D. S. Chen, was born at Soochow, Kiangsu Province, in 1889.
During his youth, he studied Chinese language and classics at home under
guidance and direction of his father Yin S. Ohen, a renowned scholar. In
1904 Dr. Chen entered Soochow University at Soochow where he devoted
much of his time and energy to the study and mast-ering of the English
language. Following the completion of the sophomore class in that institu-
tion in 1909 he came to Shanghai and engaged in literary pursuits. He
served as a compiler in the Chung Hwa Book Company for several years
then acted as co- editor for the well-known Chinese miagazine Ta Chung
140 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Hwa, edited by the noted statesman and scholar, Liang Chi-chao. At the
same time his proficiency both in English and in Chinese enabled him to
translate scores of books which have been widely read and the translations
of which have won him much popularity. In 1917, Dr. Chen became greatly
interested in law and pursued his advanced education in the Comparative
Law School of China, Law Department of Soochow University, where hei
made a painstaking study of the legal institutions of Western countries
for three years. Upon the . satisfactory completion of his course in 1920
he was given the degree of L.L.B. Following that summer. Dr. Chen went
to America as a self-supporting student and there he took a post-graduate
course in the University of Michigan. In 1921, he received a Doctorate
of Jurisprudence and the next year was recipient of a Master of Arts
degree in Political Science, his thesis being "The Principles of State Suc-
cession as Revealed by the Versailles Treaty," which was very favorably
commended by both the literary and judicial circles. On account of his
high legal attainments. Dr. Chen was recommended by the faculty of the
University of Michigan as a University Felldw of that institution of learn-
ing and was awarded a prize amounting to S500 Gold — a distinction very
seldom earned by any foreign student. During his academic years in the
United States. Dr. Chen was noted for various activities. He was elected
President of the Chinese Students' Association in the University of Michig-
an; and at the tinie of Washington Conference, he was appointed special
correspondent in America by the Sin Wen Pao, one of the largest Chinese
newspapers in Shanghai.. His view as set down in the newspapers were
far-sighted and penetrating, and did much to arouse Chinese interest in
the things transacted in the conference. In the fall of 1922, Dr. Chen
returned to China. His immediate arrival was accompanied by a request
to accept the professorship of public law in the Comparative Law School,
his Alma Mater, which position he is still holding. Besides practising
law in Shanghai, Dr. Chen is also connected with the Shun Pao, serving in
the capacity of a special editor. From time to time, he has written articles
dealing with present day problems which are widely read and often-times
reprinted by various Chinese newspapers throughout the country. Dr. Chen
was one of four delegates who went to Peking during 1924 for the rendi-
tion of the Shanghai Mixed Court.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
141
Admiral Chen Tso-heng
Admiral Chen Tso-cheng was born in Chihli province in 1865. At the
age of 16, he entered Tientsin Naval College, from which he was graduated
with honors in 1884. H-e was then sent by the government to pursue
higher naval studies in England, where he specialized in gunnery at Green-
wich. In 188S, he served abroad on a British man-of-war in the Mediterran-
ean. On returning to China, he was appointed a teacher on various training
ships in the Chinese navy, and also held important posts in alm^ost all of
142 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
the Chinese Naval Colleges. Admiral Chen has been spesially proficient in
mathematics, having invented the angle trisector, which is used in the solu-
tion of cubic equations. He has taught mathematics in the Normal school,
the High Normal and the Technical College, Peking. For distingui-
shed work in the navy, the Chinese government made him a captain in 1914
and a Rear-Adm'iral in 1924. Admiral Chen is at present Director of the
Shanghai College, Chiaotung Ta Hsu University.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
143
Dr. Wei Ping Chen
(Ch'en Wei-ping)
Dr. Wei Ping Chen was born in Peking in 1876. Ha received his
education fron? the Peking Methodist University where he entered in 1887
and graduated in 1895 with the degree of B. A. After graduation he im-
mediately went into the Ministry and remained in it for 14 years, serving
first in a hsieu (district) city, Yanching (North Chihli), Tientsin and Pek-
ing for three, four and seven years respectively. In June 1910 Dr. Chen
went to America to receive higher education with private support. He im-
144 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
mediately entered the Ohio Wesleyan University taking the course in Li-
beral Arts. There he graduated in 1911 with the degree of M. A. Be-
tween 1911 and 1913 he studied in the University of Michigan. In 1913
he entered the Boston University where he graduated in 1915 with the
degree of Ph. D. the subject of his Director's dissertation being "develop-
ment of the Customs House under the Ching Dynasty." Dr. Chen re-
turned to China in January 1916. Shortly afterwards he was elected to
be the editor of the Chinese Christian Advocate. In 1920 he was chosen
as one of the delegates representing the Chinese Christians of the Metho-
dist Church to the General Conference of that denomination held in
Des Monies. Iowa, in May that year. In the winter of 1920 he was elected
secretary of the department of Evangelism of the Centenary Movement of
the Methodist Episcopal Mission, and during this time Dr. Chen has devoted
his time to evangelistic work, visiting important centers of the Methodist
Mission.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
145
Mr. Eugene Chen
(Chen Yu-jen)
Mr. Eugene Chen is a Cantonese who was born abroad. He is British-
educated and has had a legal training. In 1912 he acted as legal adviser
to the Ministry of Communications, Peking, during the premiership of
Tang Shao-yi, who formed the first Cabinet under the Republican regime
in China. Besides other dailies, he owned and edited the Peking Gazette.
His first notable work in the cause of renascent China was done on that
paper. Mr. Chen has suffered imprisonment in the cause of liberty. In
May 1917, the powerful pro-Japanese section of the then Peking admin-
istration caused him to be arrested, shortly after midnight, for an article
which had appeared in the Peking Gazette, disclosing and denouncing cer-
tain sinister negotiations which later developed into the China-Japan Milit-
ary Pact of 1918. After a term of incarceration in two Peking jails,
which somewhat impaired his health, Mr. Chen was liberated in pursuance
of a Presidential mandate ordering his release. He left Peking soon after
for Shanghai, where he was in close touch with Dr. Sun Yat-sen ;and
other Southern leaders during the eventful months which followed the
second forcible dissolution of Parliament in 1917. When the Military
government at Canton decided to despatch a diplomatic mission to the
United States in the summer of 1918, Mr. Chen was selected as a member.
146 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
his colleagues being Quo Tai-chi and C. T. Wang. Mr. Chen was sent as
a technical delegate in the Southern section of the Chinese deleg^ation to
the Peace Conference at Paris in 1919. He prepared some of the principal
documents of the delegation, including an important memorandum which set
forth China's case for the abrogation of the treaties and not3S connected
with Japan's Twenty-One Demands. The late Dr. George E. Morrison, who
was attached to jthe delegation as a political advisDr, declared that this
memorandum was the ablest state paper which the Chinese delegation had
submitteed for the consideration of the Peace Conference. After the Peace
Conference, Mr. Chen went to London and visited various centers of con-
tinental Europe, investigating' post-war conditions and studying, on the
spot, the political and economic problems arising out of the vast litter and
profound changes caused by the war. After an absence of nearly three
years in America and Europe, Mr. Chen returned to China in the summer
1920. On his arrival at Canton, President Sun Yat-sen immediat3ly appointed
him to an important office. Late in 1924 when Dr. Sun Yat-sen gave up
his post at Canton, he was accompanied by Mr. Chen.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
147
Mr. Chi-Pao Cheng
m ^- ii^m ^
(Ch'eng Ch'i-pao)
Mr. Chi-Pao Cheng was born in Nanchan;^ in 1897. He entered Tsing
Hua College at the age of 15. While there, he was one of the leading
students and was once editor-in-chief of the Tsing Hua Journal, a monthly
published alternately in English and Chinese. Mr. Cheng was sent to
America by this College in the summer of 1918 and first entered Hamlin
University as a senior student. Half a year later he was appointed a
member of the War Work Council and was sent to France with the Y. M. C.
A. as a secretary. Mr. Cheng rendered valuable service to the associa-
tion and also to the Chinese Labor Battalion under the French Army. He
travelled extensively throughout Europe and contributed to several Paris
papers. Mr. Cheng returned to Hamlin in April 1920 land received his B.
A. degree in the same summer. Hte then entered the University of Wis-
consin and the University of Chicago and took his M. A. degtee from the
latter institution. He then enrolled as a graduate student in Teachers'
14^ WHO^S WHO IN CHINA
College, Columbia University, where he will receive his Ph. D, degree
upon the publication of his thesis. In July 1923, he was made a member of
China's delegation to the world Conference on Education in San Francisco.
His work there was well received. Upon his return to China, in September
1923, Mr. Cheng was appointed the executive secretary of the National
Southeastern University — an important position in the institution. At the
same time, he is exerting large influence upon Chinese education through
his work, lectures and writings.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
149
General CK'eng K'e
g ^ ^ # ife
General Ch'eng K'e was born in Kaifeng, Honan Province, in 1878.
He first studied law during the Manchu Regime and then went to Japan
and attended the Imperial University where he graduated from the law
department. Upon his return from Japan General Ch'eng organized a re-
volutionary organ in Tientsin with the object of overthrowing the Manchu
regime. He was arrested by the authorities but through the good offices
of the late Chao Ping-chun, former Chihli Governor and Prime Minister, he
was liberated and subsequently given official appointment. After the estab-
lishment of the Republic in 1912, General Ch'eng became a Councillor of
the Ministry of the Interior, a Deputy of the Bureau for Parliamentary
Affairs and Legal Councillor to President Yuan Shih-kai. In 1913 he was
elected a senator representing Tibet. In June 1914 he was appointed
150 WHO^S WHO IN CHINA
Taoyin of Hanchung Circuit, Shensi, and while there worked against the
cultivation of opium. Subsequently he was transferred to the position of
High Commissioner for Altai in December 1915. During! his residence in
Altai he looked after both foreign and Chinese affairs with satisfaction to
all concerned. He remained there for fiive years and in 1920 retired. In
December 1919 General Ch'eng was awarded the Second-class Paokuang
Chiaho. In 1922 General Ch'eng assisted General Feng Yu-hsiang in Honan
in the management of military affairs. In January 1923 General Ch'eng was
appointed acting Minister of Justice and in January 1924 he was made " a
Lieutenant General and transferred from the post of Acting Minister of
Justice to that of Minister of the Interior in the Sun P^o-chi cabinet.
This position he is still holding at this date.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
151
Dr. F. T. Cheng
(Ch'cng T'ien hsH
Dr. F. T. Cheng was born at Hsiangshan Hsien, Kwangtung Province,
in 1884. He received his early education in Hongkong. In 1907 he went
to Londoii for higher education and in 1909 joined the University of Lon-
don and graduated with honors in law in 1912. In 1913 he was called to
the Bar, after which he did some research work and obtained a Doctorate
of Laws of the University of London, being the first Chinese to obtain
that honor. In 1916 he won the Quain Prize of the University of London
in a public essay competition in international law. In the same year he
15:
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
was elected an honorary member of the Grotius Society of London, a
rare distinction for a Chinese. While reading in London he wrote a book
on "Rules of Private International Law Determining Capacity to Con-
tract," which was described by the International Law Notes of London
as "a learned and most clear-headed piece of work;." He returned to
China in 1917 and was admitted to the Hongkong Bar, He went to Pek-
ing towards the end of 1917. At first was attached to the Ministry of
Justice and in 1918 was appointed Chief Compiler of the Law Codification
Commission. In 1919 he was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court.
In January 1920 Dr. Ch'eng was decorated by the Fourth Order of Chi-
aho and in the same month appointed Standing Examiner of the Final
Examination for Judicial Officials. In September 1920 Dr. Cheng was
transferred back to the Law Codification Commission. Since his arrival
in Peking he has translated a number of works of Chinese legal literature
into English, among which may be mentioned the "Supreme Court deci-
sions" "High Prize Court Judgments," "Draft Code of Criminal Procedure,"
and "Supreme Court Regulations." He has brought out an English version
to the draft civil code. Dr. Cheng was elected a member of the Interna-
tional Law Association of London. In September 1921 Dr. Ch'eng was
appointed Legal Expert to the Chinese Delegation to the Pacific Conference.
In June 1922 he was again appointed Chief Compiler of the Law Codifica-
tion Commission which position he resigned in November 192-3.
•
%^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
153
Dr. Ch'eng Ching-i
1^ If fi& ^ a -
Dr. Ch'eng Ching-i was born of Manchu parents. Like his father,
who for twenty-five years was a Minister of the Gospel in connection with
the London Missionary Society Church in Peking until his death, Cheng
Ching-yi has been a member of their branch of the Church from childhood.
Receiving his education under Christian influence he decided voluntarily
to devote the rest of his life to the propagation of the Fu-yin (Blessed
News). He served as Church Secretary in the London Missionary Society,
Peking, from 1900 to 1903. Dr. Ch'eng was appointed assistant revisor
of the Chinese text of the New Testament and served in this capacity
for three years. From 1908 to 1913 Dr. Ch'eng was pastor of the three
self-supporting churches of the London Missionary Society and in 1910
was representative of the Chinese Churches of the London Missionary Soc-
iety to the World Missionary Conference in Edinburgh. From 1910 to 1913
Dr. Ch'eng was the only Chinese member of the Edinburgh Continuation
154 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Committee. In 1913 he was appointed Chinese general secretary of the
China Continuation Committee. This position he is still holding. In
1916 one of the Canadian universities conferred upon Dr. Ch'eng the
honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity. He is the only Chinese to
hold this degree from a British University j Dr. Ch'eng was one of the
prime movers in the organization of the China-for-Christ Movement in
1919 and was later elected the general secretary. Dr. Ch'eng was un-
animously elected the First Chairman of the National Christian Confer-
ence, the initial meetings of which were held in the Shanghai Town Hall
from May 2 to 11, 1922. Dr. Ch'eng left China in August 1922 for
America and Canada on a two year's furlough. He is at present taking
special courses of study in the leading universities, after which he will
go probably to Europe to study conditions there. In 1918 Dr. Ch'eng
was appointad chairman of the Chinese Home Missionary Society, Shang-
hai an organization composed entirely of Chinese that has been doing
the work of sending Chinese missionaries to inland China such as the
remote part of Yunnan, Szechuan, Kueichow, etc.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
155
Mr. T. T. Cheng
fe ^ *r
(Ch'eng T'ien-tou)
Mr. T. T. Cheng was born at Hsiangshan Kwangtung, in 1891. He
went to Honolulu when he was a young boy, and attended Mills Institute,
Oahu College, and other institutions of learning, leaving there for Am-
erica in 1906, attending first the Stanford and then the Chicago Universi-
ty, receiving the degree of Ph. B. from the latter. Mr. Cheng was ap-
pointed soon after the Revolution, Coinmissioner of Public Works in Canton.
During his term of office, he proposed the demolition of the ancient city
wall, the widening of the streets of Canton, the improvement of the Tai-
sba-tao, dredging of the Whanspoa to admit larger steamers, and general
conservancy work. Since his retirement from politics in 1915 Mr.
156 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Cheng, has been working on industrial lines, two years ago in the
organization at Hongkong of the Industrial and Commercial Bank with
offices at No. 6 Des Vouex Road. Up to summer 1923 Mr. Cheng was
manager of the Provincial Bank of Kwangtung and Commissioner of Finance
of the same Province under Dr. Sun Yat-sen.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
157
General Ch'i Hsieh-yuan
General Ch'i Hsieh-yuan was born at Ning-ho Hsien, Chihli Province,
in 1879. He received his Chinese education from regular Confucian
schooh and was a Licentiate (B. A.). Afterwards he enrolled in the Pei-
yang Military Academy and graduated with honors in 1906 from the
Artillery Department of that institution. Later he enrolled at the Lu
Chun (Army) University, remained there about one year, and graduated.
After graduation General Ch'i was appointed Second Officer of the 23rd
158 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Regiment and later promoted to be First Deputy Commander of the Sec-
ond Division of the later Imperial Army. Later he was promoted to be
Second Staff-Officer of the First Division and then First Staff-Officer. Still
later he became Staff Officer to the Commander-in-Chief of the Southern
Honan Army. In 1909 General Oh'i was appointed Chief Staff-Officer to
the following military units: The 6th Division of the Imperial Army;
Left Headquarters of the First Army ; Defence Commissioner of West
Yangtze; and Office of Governor of Kiangsi. In 1910 General Ch'i resigned
from the position of Chief Staff-Officer and became Commander of the Fifth
Reserve Brigade of the 6th Division and concurrently Commander of the
11th and the 12th Infantry Brigades of the same Division. In 1912 General
Ch'i was appointed a Field Commander and was awarded the Fourth Order
of Merit. He was in command of the 12th Brigade of the 6th Division until
December 1917 when he was promoted to be Commander-in-Chief of the
6th Division and Occupation Commissioner of Nanking. In November
1918 General Ch'i was conferred the Second Order >of Tashou Chiaho
and in August 1919 the Second . Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho.
In May 1920, General Ch'i was ordered to assist in the superintend-
ing of military affairs of Kiangsu. At that time the late General Li Ch'un
was Tuchun, of Kiangsu. On October 2, 1920 Li Ch'un was appointed
High Inspecting Commissioner of Kiangsu, Anhui and Kiangsi, and General
Ch'i the Assistant Commissioner. On October 8th General Ch'i was given
the brevet rank of Full General, and on the 10th the Third Order of Merit.
The sudden death of General Li Ch'un occurred on October 12th and Gen-
eral Ch'i was ordered on the 15th to act for Tuchun of Kiangsu. Vn
December 1920 he was appointed Acting Tuchun and in September 1921
Tuchun of Kiangsu. In July 1922 General Ch'i was made a Chiangchun
with the honorable title of the two words Ning Wu. In August he was
given the; concurrent post of director-general of the Pukow Port Construc-
tion Board. In October he was m'ade a Full General. In June 1923, General
Ch'i was conferred the First Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In
November 1923 he was appointed High Inspecting Commissiotaer of Kiang-
su, Anhui and Kiangsi. He was also made a Shan Chiang Chun or Field
Marshal with the special title "Ning Wu." In March 1924 General Ch'i
was relieved of the concurrent post of Director-General of the Pukow Con-
struction Board. But in April he was appointed director-general of the
Huai River Conservancy Board. He served as High Inspecting Commis-
sioner of Kiangsu-Anhui-Kiangsi and Tuchun of Kiangsu until September
1924, following the outbreak of war between Chekiang and Kianglsu pro-
vinces. Marshal Chi was made Commander of the Chihli armies in attempt
to subjugate Chekiang province. In October 1924 Marshal Chi in associa-
tion with Marshal Sun Chuan-fang of Chekiang and Fukien provinces, was
successful in defeating Marshal Lu Yung-hsiang of Chekiang. The victory,
however, was shortlived, owing to the defeat of the Chihli party in the
North and in the elimination of Marshal Wu Pei-fu as a military factor in
North China. When the Provisional government under Marshal Tuan Chi-
jui, was established in Peking, Marshal Chi was deprived of his office by
official Mandate. "Then the Provisional government despatched General
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 159
Chang Chung-chang with a Fengtien force to Nanking, Marshal Chi gave
up his post at Nanking and proceeded to Shanghai where he organized a new
rebellion against the Peking Government. His forces, however, were
defeated in the vicinity of Chinkiang, chiefly the cause of the use of
Russian conscript soldiers in the Fengtien army. Following the defeat of
his armies, Marshal Chi went to Japan where he is now residing.
^
160
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Ch'i Yao-lin
Mr. Ch'i Yao-lin was born at I-tung Hsien, Kirin Province, in 1864.
He became a Chin-shih, or Metropolitan, graduate in 1894. Mr. Ch'i
started his official career as m,agistrate in several districts in the Province
of Chihli. In February 1908 he was appointed Taotai of the Yungting
Ho, one of the five main waterways of Chihli. In January 1910 Mr. Ch'i
was promoted to be Chief Justice of Chihli later called Judicial Commis-
sion. In the early part of 1911 Mr. Ch'i was provincial treasurer of Kiangsu
and in November became provincial treasurer of Honan. Before he arrived
at the n§w post, he had been ap'pointed Governor of Honan. In March
1912. when the Revolution was over, Mr. Ch'i was appointed the Tutuh or
Governor, of Honan. He held this position only for one month and then
resigned. In June 1913, when the administration of military and civil af-
fairs were separated, Mr. Ch'i was appointed Mingcheng-ching or Civil
Governor of Kirin, his native province. In May 1914 he became Hsunan-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 161
shih, the new designation for civil governors. In July 1914 Mr. Ch'i was
transferred to be Hsunanshih of Kiangsu. In July 1916 the designation
for civil governors was changed from Hsunanshih to Shengchang; there-
upon Mr. Ch'i beecame Shengchang of Kiangsu. From July 8th to August
6th, 1917 he acted concurrently Tuchun of Kiangsu, being proceeded by
Feng Kuo-chang and succeeded by the late General Li Ch'un. In Septem-
ber 1919, Mr. Ch'i was conferred the First Order of Wenfu. In 1920 there
was some misunderstanding between Mr. Ch'i and the Kiangsu Provincial
Assembly. The latter impeached him in the Assembly Hall and the former
had to give up the post. He was i officially relieved of the post of Sheng-
chang on September 18, 1920. Ever since that time, Mr. Ch'i has been
a resident in Tientsin.
^
162
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Ch'i Yao-shan
Mr. Ch'i Yao-shan was born af l-tung' Hsien, Kirin Province, in
1867. Through competitive examinations, he became a Chu-jen, Provin-
cial Graduate, in 1889 and a Chih-shih, Metropolitan Graduate, in 1890.
He Vvegan his career as secretary of the Imperial Chancery and a
companion of the Emperor in study. Later the rank of sub-prefect was
conferred upon him. Various official positions he held in the Ching re-
gime were as follows: Expectant Prefect of Hupeh, chief secretary to
the Governor of Hupeh, chief of the police at Wuchang, Acting Prefect
of Ichang, Proctor of the Hupeh Mint, chief secretary of the Hupeh Re-
organization Bureau, director of the army Medical College, assistant chief
of staff of the army training headquarters in Hupeh, secretary to the
Viceroy of Hupeh and Hunan, director of the silver mint in Hupeh, chief
Instructor for the Hupeh army training headquarters, chief adjutant of
the Southern force in the autumn manoeuvre at Changteh, Honan, direc-
tor of the Hupeh Reorganization Bureau, director of the Martial Court in
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 163
Hupeh, director of the Szechuen Salt Administration at Ichang, Customs
superintendent at Chinchow and Ichang, Customs Taotai at Hankow, super-
intendent of Foreign Affairs at the *ame place, acting Educational Com-
missioner. From January 1913 to July 1913 Mr. Ch'i was Chief of the Salt Re-
organization Bureau which later became the Salt Administration. In April
1915 Mr. Ch'i was appointed Acting T'san Cheng of the T'san-Cheng-Yuan
or the State Advisory Council. In June 1915 he was appointed President
of the Commission for the Consideration of People's Livelihood. In Aug-
ust 1915 he became a substantial T'san Cheng. In October 1915 he was
conferred the Fourth Order of Chiaho. In January 1917 Mr. Ch'i was
appointed Shengchang, or Civil Governor, of Chekiang. This position he
held for more than two years. In June 1920 he was appointed Sheng-
chang of Shantung which post he held until October 1920. In May 1921
Mr. Ch'i joined the Cabinet as Minister of the Interior. In June he was
given a concurrent position in the Director Generalship of the Metropoli-
tan Municipal Office. In July he became President of the Bank of Agri-
culture and Commerce. In October, Director General of the Famine Re-
lief. In November he was conferred the First Order of Tashou Paokuang
Chiaho. On December 24th, when the Cabinet was reorganized, he was
transferred to be Minister of Agriculture and Commerce. On December
27th, he was given the concurrent position of Acting Minister of Educa-
tion. In January 1922, Mr. Ch'i was given another position, namely, the
President of the Commission for the Investigation of Food supplies. In
January he was relieved of both the Director-General of the Famine Relief
Bureau and of the Municipal Office. In April he was relieved of the post
of Acting Minister of Education. In June he was removed from the Minis-
try of Agriculture and Commerce. In November 1922 he was conferre.d
the First Order of Wenfu. Mr. Ch'i is now the President of the Bank of
Agriculture and Commerce. He has been residing at Tientsin ever since
he retired from Peking.
^
164
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Chiang CK'ao-tsung
General Chiang Ch'ao-tsung was born at Ching-te Hsien Anhui province,
in 1859. He began his official career as an expectant Taotai in the Ching
Dynastj\ Before he came to Peking he was the Brigade-General in com-
mand of Hanchung Garrison. In July 1912 General Chiang became Acting
Commander-in-Chief of the Metropolitan Gendarmiere and also Deputy
Lieutenant-General of the Bordered Red Chinese Banner. In December 1912
the first mentioned post was substantiated to him. In Alay 1917 General
Chiang was awarded the First Order of Wenfu, the highest military order.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 165
About the same time he was appointed Assistant Commander of the forces
for the maintenance of order in Peking and Tientsin. In. June 1917 Gen-
eral Chiang accepted the post of Acting Premier and countersigned Pre-
sident Li Yuan-hung's mandate dissolving the Parliament. In the begin-
ning of July General Chang Hsun made the attempt to restore the oid
monarchy. General Chiang being an old official of the Ching Dynasty waa
soon favored with two appointments, Comm^der-in-Chief of the Imperial
Metropolitan Gendarmerie and Director-General of the Peking Octroi. The
monarchical restoration did not last long as Chang Hsun's forces were soon
brought into subjection by Marshal Tuan Chi-jui's army. All those who
had accepted appointments from the coup d'etat were suspected of symp-
athy to Chang Hsun. General Chiang consequently resigned from all the
posti! that he had been hitherto holding and retired into private life in
Peking where he is at present considered a leading citizen. In August 1917
he was created a Chiang Chun of the Chiang Chun Fu or the College of
Marshals with the special title of two words "Ti Wei." In October 1922
President Li Yuan-hung conferred upon General Chiang the Third Order of
Merit in recognition of the service he had rendered to the country during
the first few years of the Republic.
.^
=i
166
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Kiang Kang-hu
tC /L J^ ^ /L J^
(Chiang Kang>hu)
Dr. Kiang Kang-hu was born at Shang-jao Hsien, Kiangsi Province
in 188S. When he was a youth he was given a thorough education in
Chinese literature and the classics. Dr. Kiang received his modern ed-
ucation first in Japan, then in Belgium and hst in America. In the Chang
time, after 1900, Dr. Kiang held the following positioire: Director of the
Pei Yang Translation and Compilation Bureau; senior secretary of the Board
of Justice: professor of the Peking Imperial University. After the first
revolution which resulted in the establishment of the Republic of China
Dr. Kiang organized the Socialist Party and was chosen leader. The par-
ty was dissolved by the order of Yuan Shih-kai, in November 1911. In
the following year he was proscribed by Yuan Shih-kai who ordered to
arrest him. He had to leave China and for several years he was a refugee
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 167
in America. "While in America Dr. Kiang interested himself in educational
work. Then he was lecturer in the University of California; and in charge at
one time of Oriental Collections, Congressional Library, Washington, D. C.
It was from the University of California that he was conferred the honorary
degree of Doctor of Philosophy. In 1921 Dr. ,Kiang travelled extensively
throughout Soviet Russia. In 1922 after having returned to China, he or-
ganized the Southern University at Shanghai and is now its President. In
summer 1924 he extended the activity of his University by establisjiing'
the Peking Division of the Southern University. The Socialist Party of
China was reorganized in June 1924 and Dr. Kiang is still its leader. Dr.
Kiang; is a well known writer. Among many of his works that have been
published are: A series of text books on Chinese Literature (1905); A
series of lectures on the World History (1910); "Hung Shui Chi" or "The
Flood" (1913;) Chinese and Social Revelation (1913); A iseries of lectures
on Chinese Classics (1920); Travels in New Rus.siaifl923).;ThePoem6of
the Tang Dynasty (1923); Collection of Addresses and Speeches (1923).
Dr. Kiang's address is 44, Markham Road, Shanghai, or 2, Fu Yuan Shih
Hou-Chieli. Peking.
168
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Monlin Chianif
(Chiang Meng-lin)
Dr. Monlin Chiang was born at Yu-yao Hsien, Chekiang Province, in
1884. He received his education first in the Chekiang Provincial College,
Hangchow, and later in the Nanyang College, Shanghai. He was a student
of Mr. Tsai Yuan-pei, Councillor of the Peking Governm-ent University.
In 1904 he became a Licentiate or B. A. Dr. Chiang went to America in.
1908. For four years he studied in the University of California where he
jgraduated with the degree of B. L. During 1909-1912 he was chief editor
of the Chinese Free Press, the revolutionary organ of Dr. Sun Yat-sen of
San Francisco. In 1912 Dr. Chiang entered the University of Columbia
and studied subjects on Education and Philosophy under Drs. John Dewey
and Paul Monroe, In 1913 he reseived the degree of M. A. and in 1917
that of Ph.D. Dr. Chiang returned to China in 1917. He founded the
"New Education" (1918-1920). He joined the Department of Philosophy
of the Peking Government University in 1919. During 1919-1920 he helped
Dr. Tsai Yuan-pei in reorganizing the administration of the University.
This reorganization has influenced very much the educational institutions in
China. Dr. Chiang became Dean of the Department of Philosophy in 1921.
Since 1919 he has been the Chairman of thi Administration Council. In
1921, during the absence of Tsai Yuan-pei in Europe, Dr. Chiang was Act-
ing Chancellor. In September 1921, Dr. Chiang and Dr. David Yui went
m
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 169
to America to attend the Washington Confc-i'ince as the Chinese people's
delegation elected by the National Association of the Chambers of Com-
merce and National Federation of the Educational Associations. After
the Conference, he travelled in France and many other European countries.
In 192S Dr. Tsai Yuan-pei left China for Europe to study aesthetics. He'
nominated Dr. Chiang to be Acting Chancellor and the nomination met with
the approval of the Academic Senate of the University.' This position Dr.
Chiang is still holding. Dr. Chiang is the author of "A Study in Chinese
Principles of Education."
^
170
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. S. T. Kong
(Chiang Shun-te)
Dr. S. T. Kong, was born at Paoan Hsien, Kuangtung Province, in
1?80. He attended the Peiyang University Tienisin, from 1895 to 1900.
The year of 1902 found him in the University of California where he
studied for three years, graduating with the degree of B. S. in 1905.
After that he spent two more years in the States attending Columbia
University from which he got an M. A. degree in 1907. Upon returning
to China, he was called to attend examination of returned students in
Peking, and was conferred with a doctors degree in engineering by the
Imperial Ching Government in 1909. Soon after he was engaged as min-
ing and metallurgical engineer by the Provincial Government of Hunan
at Changsha, which position he held until 1909. In 1909-1912, he was
engineer-ir-chief for the Lead and Silver Smelting Works of the Plunan
government. This work was the fii\st work started by Chinese on a sclent-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 171
iSc scale, and is still going on at present. The year following found him
as Engineer-in-Chief for the Canton government where concurrently he
was Co-director for the Canton Government Analytical Laboratory and
Chemical Department. He was engineer-in-chief for the Tsang Shing Mau-
Fung-Shan Gold Mining and Milling Company 1913-1915. After that he
was. engineer-in-chief and technical manager of the Hunan Government
Smelting Works which is for smelting antimony. When the great war was
over, the price of antimony dropped almost to nothing. Dr. S. T. Kong
proposed to the Hunan government to run the works for smelting Chinese
copper cash for copper and zinc. He succeeded in turning out pure cop-
per and zinc which played a great part in keeping down the price of
foreign copper in the province. Dr. Kong is the founder of the Bright
Star Company, zinc oxide, colors and paints manufacturers, and he is its
manager and engineer-in-chief. It has works at Changsha, Hunan, and
head-office at Hankow. Dr. Kong is also at present the president of the
Board of Directors of the Dau Sung School, newly founded at Hankow.
H»; is also the manager of the Hankow oiFice of the National Commercial
and Savings Bank of Hongkong. He is interested in the Chinese Y.M.C.A.
work and is the chairman of the board of directors of the Wu-Han Y.M.
C.A. He is also a member of the Board of Trustees of the Boone University,
Wuchang, and member of the American Institute «f Mining and Metallur-
gical Engineers since 1905.
JC
172
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr Chiang T'ien-to
Mr. Chiang T'ien-to was born at Hua Hsien, Kuangtung Province, in
1879. He received his early education in the old Confucian schools and
went to Japan in 1902 for his modern education, where he studied Poli-
tical Science and Law at Waseda University; graduating in 1907. After
returning to China, Mr. Chiang j-oined the Compilation Bureau of the
Mingchenpu or Board of the Interior. He became involved in early re-
volutionary activities and was forced to go to Japan where he took a post-
graduate course in Political Science at Waseda University. In 1910 he
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 173
returned to China and became a teacher in the High Police School in
Peking and also practiced law in the capital after the First Revolution. He
was later elected a member of Parliament which assembled in Peking in
April 191 3 and served when that body was in session. In July 1917, shortly
after the overthrow of Chang Hsun's Tnonarchical movement, he was ap-
pointed Vice-Minister of Agriculture and Commerce which position he held
for more than three years. In January 1920 Mr. Chiang was awarded the
Vice-Minister of Agriculture and Commerce which position he held for
more than three years. In January 1920 Mr. Chiang was awarded the
First Order of Wenfu. In February he w.as appointed Minister of Agri-
culture and Commerce and was also given the concurrent position of the
President of the Food Supply Investigation Commission. In August 1920
he retired from both positions. Wlien Parliament was reconvened by
President Li Yuan-hung, Mr. Chiang again was a, member. Later he was
again appointed Vice-Minister of Agriculture and Commerce. This he held
until August 1922 when he was appointed director general of the National
Conservancy Bureau. In September 1923 he was given the concurrent post
of vice-president of the Yangtze River Commission. In October 1922 he
was awarded the First Order of Tashou Chiaho. In May 1924 Mr. Chiang
resigned from the posts of director-general of the National Conservancy
Bureau and vice-president of the Yangtze River Commission, because it
was required that an M. P. should not hold other offices.
174
WHOS WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Tsiang T«eng-yi
(Chiang Tseng-i)
Mr. Tsiang Tseng-yi was born at Raining Hsien, Chekiang Province,
in 1877. In his youth he acquired high education in Chinese and became
a Hsiu-t'sai or Licentiate in his teens and obtained the literary degree of
Chu-jen or Provincial Graduate when he was little over twenty. In 1904
he attended the Metropolitan Competitive Examination and obtained the de-
gree of Chin Shih, Metropolitan graduate, which is equivalent to Ph.D.
Having become a Chin-shih, Mr. Tsiang was awarded the rank of
secretary of the Grand Secretariat of State. In the following seven years
before the establishment of the Republic, Mr. Tsiang was at different
times junior secretary of the Board of the Interior, junior secretary of the
Board of Finance, assistant senior secretary of the Board of Communica-
tions and finally director in charge of the Department of Telegraphs of
the Board of Communications. By that time the t3legraphy sarvice was
partly in the hands of a commercial company. Upon becorafng a director
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 175
of the Telegrraphs, Mr. Tsiang proposed the plan of nationalizing all the
telegraph establishments. His proposal received the approval of the govern-
ment and was carried out accordingly. He was also responsible for the
establishment of two radio stations at Peking and Nanking respectively in
1911. Mr. Tsiang left the Board of Communications for sometime after the
establishment of the Republic in 1913. However, he joined the Board
(then changed into Ministry of Communications) in 1913. From that time
until 1916 he was Chief of the Financial Bureau of the Department of
Telegraphs, Posts and Navigation.
During 1917 and 1918 Mr. Tsiang was Councillor of the Ministry of
Communications, first acting then substantiated. In January 1919 Mr. Tsiang
was appointed acting director in charge of the Department of Telegraphs
and concurrently director-general of the Government Telegraphs and Tele-
phone establishments. In June he was substantiated to this acting post.
In January 1920 Mr. Tsiang was awarded the Second Order of Wenfu. In
September 1920 he was a member of the Famine Relief Committee of the
Ministry. In December 1920 he was ordered to assist in the organization
of the Communications University. In February 1921 Mr. Tsiang was confer-
red the Second Order of Chiaho. In March 1922 Mr. Tsiang received two
concurrent posts, namely, executive member of the Commission in Com-
munications Questions in connection with the Retrocession of Shantung and
chairman of the Telegraphy Accounts Commission. In May 1922 Mr. Tsiang
was removfid from all his posts in the Ministry of Communications.
176
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Chiang Tso-pin
General Chiang Tso-pin was born at Yinchen. Hupei Province, in 1883.
After having received Chinese education in the native province, he went
to Japan where he entered and graduated from the Imperial University in
Tokyo. In December 1907 he enrolled in the Military Officers' Academy.
He was one of the 64 Chinese students of the fourth battfh admitted to
that Academy. General Chiang took the course on Infantry. Upon his
return to China after graduation from the Academy, he took examinations
in Peking and was given the rank of Chu-ien. Subsequently he was ap-
pointed a professor in the Government Military College. There he trans-
lated into Chinese several Japanese books on military tactics and ter-
minology which brought to him much fame. While in Japan, General
Chiang made the acquaintance of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, and became a strong
revolutionary agitator. He took a prominent part in the First Revolution.
The Provisional government was inaugurated in Nanking on January Ist
1912, the Brithday of the Chinese Republic. On the 4th, President Sun
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 177
Yat-sen in a Mandate made Chiang Tso-pin a Full General, and appointed'
him Vice-Minister of War. In April 1912, General Chiang was appointed
Vice-Minister of War. This position he held until May 1916 when he was
promoted to be Chiangchim of the Chiangchunfu, or Military Council.
The special title given to him as Chiangchun was "Yeh-Wei". General
Hsu Shu-tseng, commonly known as "Little Hsu" succeeded him as Vice-
Minister of War. In July 1916 Mr. Chiang was appointed Vice-Chief of
the General Staff. In July 1917 he was ordered to be arrested by Chang
Hsun because of his opposition to Chang's attempt to restore the old mon-
archy but he had left Peking before the order was issued. Finally Chang
failed and at the end of July 1917 General Chiang officially sent in his
resignation which was accepted by Tuan Chi-jui. General Chiang was
Military Advisor to the Chinese Delegation at the World Peace Conference
at Versailles, in 1918. Since his retirement from Peking offices, he
has been in association with the Southern military and political leaders in
the attempt to overthrow the Northern militarists. The trouble in Hupei
against Peking in 1921 brought General Chiang's name to the fore. In
the summer of the same year, he rose against Gerieral Wang^ Chan-yuan
then Tuchun of Hupei, and was elected Commandter-in-Ohief of the staff
government troops' of that Province. He advocated the control of Hupei
by the Hupei people. Ais a result of the uprising, WanSg" Chan-yuan was
compelled to give up his dual post of Tuchun of Hupei and the High In-
specting Commissioner of Hunan and Hupei. General Chiang did not suc-
ceed to make Hupei controlled by the Hupei people, for he himself was
subsequently defeated by General Wu Pei-fu who became High Inspecting
Commissioner of Hunan and Hupei. Later General Chiang went to Canton
and joined Dr. Sun Yat-sen who at once appointed him the Director- General
of Operations in the campaign against the North. General Chiang is a
fellow provincial and a close friend of President Li Yuan-hung. When
Li Yuan-hung was invited by the Chihli Generals to re-assume the Presidency
of China which he actually did in June 1922 after the Chihli-Mukden War,
General Chiang did everything he could to urge his old friend not to accept
that invitation. In October 1922, President Li conferred on him the Third
Order of Merit.
178
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Chiang Yen-hsing
#)! ^f '# sr B
General Chiang Yen-hsing was born at Fou-ch'eng Hsien, Chihli
province, and was graduated from the Peiyang Military Academy in Tientsin.
In 1901 General Chang was sent to Japan with 38 other military graduates
forming the first group of Chinese students to study in the Japan Military
Officer's Academy. From this institution he later graduated and specialized
in the infantry department. Upon returning to China, General Chiang
joined the Peiyang Military clique. Subsequently he was appointed Coun-
cillor to the Headquarters of the Commander of Kiangpei Northern Kiangsu
Troops and concurrently Commander of the 13th Piao or Brigade stationed
at Tsingkiangpu. During the first Revolution, General Chiang was elected
Tutu or Military Commander of Kiangpey. In July 1913 he was appointed
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 179
Special Military Commissioner to Kiang-Huai. In August 1913 he became
Director-General of the Kiangpei military affairs. In September 1914 Gen-
eral Chiang was called to Peking and was made a "Chiang-cihun of the
Chiangchunfu" or College of Marshals his special fitter being "Ching Wei."
Later he was appointed Director General for the Promotion of Military
Standards. From October 1916 to July 1917 General Chiang was Tutung of
Suiyuan Special Area. In August 1920 he was appointed Deputy-Chief of
General Staff which position he is still holding. In October 1919 General
Chiang was awarded the First Order of Wenfu; in October 1920, the First
Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho; in October 1922, the Second Order of
Merit. In March 1923 General Chiang was appointed a member of the
Commission for the study of questions regarding Mongolia. In December
1923 General Chiang was made a Full General.
^
180
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Chian Yung
Mr. Chiang Yung, was born at Changtinghsien, Fukien, in 1877. He
studied at Waseda University where he specialized in law and economics.
In 1907, the Imperial government appointed him to conduct a mission to
study the Japanese educational system. He graduated from Waseda in
the autumn of the same year. Upon his return to China Mr. Chiang was
engaged by the late President Yuan Shih-kai, who was then Grand Councillor,
to be a teacher in the law school. Later he was transferred to the Board
of Education, and later Dean of the law college. In 1908 Minister Shen
had studied abroad and was given the degree of M. A. In 1910 he suc-
cessfully passed the Imperial Examinations and received the degree of
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 181
LL.D. In December 1911, two months after the outbreak of the First Revolu-
tion, Mr. Chang was appointed by Yuan Shih-kai, then Imperial Prime
Minister, as a delegate representing the Ching House at the Internal Peace
Conference held at Shanghai, the Chief Delegate being Mr. Tang Shao-yi.
In 1912, he was invited by Minister Tsai Yuan-pei of Education to
be president of the Government Law College in Peking. In August
1912 he was appointed Chief of the Metropolitan High Court. On Sep-
tember 16, 1913, he was appointed vice-president of the Law Codification
Commission. A week later the appointment was substantiated. In August
1916 he was ordered to act for the Minister of Justice. This position he
held until September 1916 when he resigned from the Vice-Ministership. On
June 16, 1917 Mr. Chiang was ordered to act as Vice-Minister of Justice.
From June 29 to July 17 he was Acting Minister of Justice. In July 26
1917, he was appointed Vice-Minister. In December 1917 he became
Minister of Justice which position he held until the end of March 1918.
Subsequently Mr. Chiang was appointed director of Chinese Educa-
tion. In January 1920 Mr. Chiang was conferred the First Order
of Tashou Chiaho. In July 1920 after the overthrow of the Anfu
Faction, he was appointed president of the Law Codification' Com-
mission. In the beginning of 1921 he was appointed concurrently to hold
the post of the president of the Commission for the Study of Jurisdiction.
In February 1921 he was conferred the First Order of Tashou Paokuang
Chiaho. In August 1921 he was relieved of the two concurrent posts. In
1922 Mr. Chiang was conferred the Fourth Order of Merit. In the spring
of 1923 he left Peking as a protest against the mishandling of Dr. Lo
Wen-kan's case on the part of a few Cabinet ministers who, according to
him, had taken law into their o^vn hands. He was officially relieved of
the presidency of the Law Codification Commission in October 1923. In
June 1923, Mr. Chiang founded in Peking' a weekly called The Law Review,
of which he himself has been the editor-in-chief. Ever since he resigned
from this official post, he has been practising law in Peking'. His present
address is Pai-Mien-Tsao, East City, Peking.
18^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Ch'Ien Ch'ung-kai
II ^ ^ '-3^ iHl ft
Mr. Ch'ien Ch'ung-kai Was born at Ch'ing Hsien, Chihli Province, in
1881. He attended the Tientsin Naval College for a few years and latei
entered the Peiyang University from which 83hool he was graduated with
distinction in English and mathematics. After graduation, he went to
Manchuria and rendered service in educational work for a few years at
Mukden, Hsinming, Liaoyang, and other places outside Shanhaikuan. Later
he came; to Peking where he became a teacher of several schools, such as
the Translation School, the High Industrial College, the Middle Military
School, etc. Upon the outbreak of the Revolution in October 1911, Mr.
Ch'ien and some of his friends who were in sympathy with the Revolution
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 183
formed an organization in North China and played a part in the work of
overthrowing the Manchu House. He served as Chief Staff Officer of the
organization which served as head office for northern troops. In 1912, the
year the Republic was founded, he was elected a member of the provisional
provincial assembly of Chihli. In April 1913, the first Parliament was con-
voked in Peking and Mr. Ch'ien served as a Chihli member of the Lower
House. After the dissolution of the parliament by Yuan Shih-kai in
January 1914, he joined the Salt Administration, first as Chief of the audit
section of the Hotung District of the Salt Inspectorate, then as Chief of
the Collection Section of the Fengtien district, and again as chief of the
Kuangning Salt Revenue Bureau. Parliament was for the second time
convoked in August 1916, after the death of Yuan Shih-kai, and Mr. Ch'ien
remained a ' member until its second dissolution on June 13, 1917. Subse-
quently he went to Canton where on August 27, 1917. the Extraordinary
Parliament was convoked for the purpose o»f upholding the Provisional
Constitution against the Northern military rule. In April 1922, Mr. Ch'ien's
name appeared again in the Peking Government Gazette when he was ap-
pointed director of the Government Salt Bureau. On President Li Yuan-
hung's reassumption of office in June 1922, he reconvoked the parliament
which he had dissolved in June 1917, and it reassembled in Peking on
August 1, 1922. Mr. Ch'ien, a member of the House of Representatives, was
subsequently elected chairman of the Budget Committee of the House. In
December 1922, Mr. Ch'ien was awarded the Second Order of Tashou Chiaho ;
in January 1923, the Second Order of Wenfu; and in March 1923, the Second
Order of Tashou Packuang Chiaho. In June 1923 President Li Yuan-hung
was again ousted and a number of parliamentarians deserted Peking as a
protest against the coup d'etat. Mr. Ch'ien considered it illegal to deprive
the Parliament of a quorum by staying away and he therefore, remained in
Peking and succeeded in inducing the deserting members to return in order
that the Constitution could be completed and a new President could be
elected.
184
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr* Pei-Yu Chien
Mr. Pei-Yu Chien, was born in 1896 in Kiangyin, Kiangsu. After having
finished his elementary school work, he went to Peking where he entered
Tsing-hua College, After the Revolution of 1911, he became a student in
Peking University of the Methodist Mission. He entered the Customs Col-
lege, Peking, in 1914 and was graduated in 1918. He was then appointed
to a position in the Chinese Maritime Customs in Tientsin where he stayed
for three years. During his stay in Tientsin, Mr. Chien acted also as one
of the editors of the Yin Shih Pao, or Social Welfare. In 1921, he was
appointed the representative of Social Welfare to the Second Press Con-
gress of the World held in Honolulu and then proceeded to Washington,
D. C, to cover the Disarmament Conference for his paper. After the
Washington Conference he attended the School of Journalism of the Univers-
ity of Missouri, the oldest and best-known institution of its kind in the
States, While he was in school, he won several prizes on account of his
literarv attainments. He returned to China in June 1923, after receiving
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 1^5
the degree of Bachelor of Journalism from the University of Missouri.
Besides connected with a number of newspapers in Peking and Tientsin, he
is now contributing editor of the China Weekly Review, Shanghai, and
assistant editor of the North China Star, Tientsin.
Mr. Chien joined the editorial staff of the North China Star, an Am-
erican daily newspaper in Tientsin, in June, 1924 and after six months,
he resigned to enter governmental services in Peking. He was appointed
the Secretary to the Chinese Chief Inspector of the Salt Revenue Admin-
stratiou, Ministry of Finance, which position he is still holding. Mr.
Chien is still connected with the China Weekly Review in Shanghai as its
contributing editor from the Capital and has contributed a number of in-
teresting articles from semi-official sources.
^
186
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Tsien Tai
II # ^# Pg ^
(Ch'ien T'ai)
Dr. Taien Tai was born at Chiashan Hsien, Chekiang Province, in
1888. In 1906 he passed a "Competitive Examination by Imperial Grace"
and obtained the degree of "Yu Kung Sheng" or Meritorious Senior
Licentiate. He was a graduate of the University of Paris with the degree
of LL.D. Dr. Tsien was for some time a Deputy Judge of the Peking Local
Court, In January 1915 he was appointed a Secretary of the Ministry of
Justice. In April he was delegated by the Ministry to be a member of the
Measurements Standardization Commission under the Ministry of Agriculture
and Commerce. In September he was appointed to hold concurrently the
position of Chief of the Bureau of Statistics of the Ministry of Justice.
In December he was appointed by the President to be Councillor of the
same Ministry. In the same month the Ministries of Foreign Affairs and
of Justice jointly invited him to be a member of the Judicial Discussion
Commission. In April 1917 Dr. Tsien received another appointment in the
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 187
Ministry of Justice, the Chief of the Compilation Bureau. In August the
Ministry delegated him to be a member of the Commission for the study
of International Affairs at war time. In December he became Comptroller
of the Law Translation Commission. In January 1918 Dr. Tsien was ap-
pointed by the President to be Resident Member of the Commission for the
Supervision of the Final Examination for Judicial Officials. In February
he was invited by the Cabinet to be a member of the Preparation .Bureau
for the Participation of the European Peace Conference. In December a
Presidential Mandate appointed him to be Judicial Expert of the Chinese
Delegation to the Paris Pease Conference. A Third Class Paokuang Chiaho
Decoration was then conferred upon him. In July 1919 Dr. Tsien was
delegated by the Ministry lof Justce to be a member of the International
Communications Committee under the Ministry of Communications. In
September he was invited to be a member of the Commission for the Study
of the Peace Treaty in the Ministry of Foreign Affaire. In Oct'ober he
was delegated as a member of the Temporary Commission ap-poinfced to
take over the Russian Court on the Chines? Eastern Railway. In December
the Waichiaopu and Ministry of Justice jointly appointed him to be a
member of the Commission for the Study of Jurisdiction. At the same
time he was appointed an Assistant Councillor of the Ministry of Foreigh
Affairs. In December he was appointed a member 'of the Commission for
the Study of Russian Affairs. In November 1920 Dr. Tsien was conferred
the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho Decoration. la March 1921 Dr. Tsien
was appointsd by the Minister of Justice to be a member of the Com-
mission for the Examination of the Service Records of Judicial Officials.
In May a Presidential Mandate appointed hini a Director of the Ministry
of Foreign Affairs. Simultaneously he was appointed a member of the
Councillors' Hall of the Ministry of Justice. In August the Waichiaopu
a4)pointed him a member of the Bureau for the Preparatory Work for the
Participatiori in the Washington Conference. In September he was ap-
pointed legal expert to the Chinese Delegation to the Pacific Oonference.
In November he was made a taember of the Commission for the study of
Tibetan Questions. In March 1922 Dr. Tsien was appointed an expectaait
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. In June he was ap-
pointed assistant director of the Secretariat of the Cabinet. In December
the Waichiaopu appointed him a member of the Bureau for the Prepara-
tion of Customs Conference.
In May 1923 Dr. Tsien was appointed Advisor to the Bureau for the
Preparation of Sino-Russian Conference. In June 1924 he was appointed
Expert to the Sino-Russian Conference. He has been with this post two
years and is still the Director des Traites et Conventions, Foreig-n Office
Peking. The highest orders of honor Dr. Tsien at present holds are the
Second Tashou Paokuang Chiaho and the Third Class Wenfu. Besides, he
has been conferred by the French government with the Third Order of Black
Star and by the Greek government the Second Order of Joseph.
1^8
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. M. Y. Ch'ien
(Ch'ien Yung-ming)
Mr. M. Y, Ch'ien was born in Shanghai in 1885. He graduatefd
from the Kobe Commercial College, of Kobe, Japan. Upon returning to
China he engaged in the baixking business and became manager of the
Shanghai branch of the Bank of Communications and in addition has served
as Vice-President of the Shanghai Bankers' Association and director of the
Shanghai General Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Chien has been director of
the Peking Bankers' Association; director of the Chekiang Industrial Bank
of Shanghai; director of the Great North- Western Bank; president of the
Tai Shan Brick Manufacturing Company, Shanghai; director of the Hua Feng
Cotton Mill, Shanghai; director of the Pao Tung Electrical Works Company;
director of the South-Eastern University, Nanking; director of the Com-
mercial College; director of the Chi Nan College; and director of the China
Vocational Educational Association. The Peking government conferred upon
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 189
Mr. Ch'ien the Third Order of Chiaho in January 1920; the Third Order of
Wenfu in January 1921; and the Third Order of Paokuang Chiaho in Feb-
ruary 1921. Since June 1922 Mr. Ch'ien has been the vice-president of the
Bank of Communications. In April 1923 Mr. Ch'ien was appointed a Member
of the commission for the Consideration of China's finance.
^
190
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. F. Ch'in
(Ch'in Fen)
Mr. F. Ch'in was born at Chiating Hsien, Kiangsu Province, in 1887.
He received his middle school and college education in Shanghai. In
1906 he went to America and studied mathematics and astronomy at Har-
vard University, from which school he was graduated in 1909 with the
degree of A. B., (Magna Cum Laude). In the same year he obtained the
degree of A. M. During 1909-1910 Mr. Ch'in spent a year in England
and Germany taking post-graduate courses at Glasgow University and
Freiburg University. Mr. Ch'in returned to China in June 1910 and be-
came Dean of the Kiangnan High School of Nanking. Later he accepted
the Deanship of the Pootung Middle School, Shanghai. From 1912 to 1915
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 191
he was professor of mathematics of the Nanyang College, now known as
the Communications University. From 1915 to 1919 he was professor of
mathematics and astronomy at the Government University of Peking and
also Dean of the Science Department. In March 1919 he was appointed
director of the Ministry of Education in charge of the Department of
Technical Education. In November 1920 he was promoted to be Councillor
of the Ministry of Education. In July 1922 Mr. Ch'In received the Third
Order of Chiaho. In April 1923 he was appointed by the Ministry to be
Chinese Delegate to the International Educational Conference. Mr. Ch'in
is still Councillor of the Ministry of Education. He is the author of a
series of text books on mathematics in Chinese and several books on as-
tronomy.
^
192
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. P. C. King
^ #13 IE ^ f t H
(Chin Pang-cheng)
Mr. P. C. Kingi is a native of Anhui but he was born in Hangchow,
Chekiang Province, in 1887. Between . 1901 and 1902 he studied at the
Nanyang Institute of Technology. Prom 1905 to 1908 he attended the
Nankai Middle School, Tientsin, where he graduated. From 1908 to 1909
he studied at the Customs College, Peking. Mr. King successfully passed
the competitive examinations conducted by the Bureau of the Educational
Mission to the United States of America, and was sent to America in
November 1909. He prepared himself for college at Williston Seminary,
Easthampton, Mass., and in 1910 joined Cornell University where he special-
ized in forestry. He received his degree of B. S. and M. F. in 1914.
At Cornell he was elected to Sigma Xi In May 1914. He returned to
China in October 1914, and was introduced to Mr. Han Kuo-chun, then Civil
Governor of the Anhwei Province, by Professor Joseph Bailie, of the Un-
iversity of Nanking, and was appointed to start and take charge of the
forestry work for the whole province and to conduct at the same time the
Provincial Agricultural School at Anking. Later he opened a forestry de-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 193
partment in the Agriculture School, and organized the Bureau of Forestry
for Anhwei. A nursery was organized and extensive reforestation in several
districts of the province was planned and carried out. Mr. King left Anhui
during General Chang Hsun's monarchical movement in June 1917. In the
summer of 1917 he was appointed by Mr. Fan Yuan-lien, then Minister of
Education, to be president of the Government Agricultural College, Peking.
He held this position for three years. In August 1920 Mr. King was
appointed president of the Tsing Hua College to succeed Dr. Hawk-ling
Yen who was appointed secretary to the League of Nations. In January
1922 Mr. King was appointed director of the Chinese Educational Mission
to the United States and to be concurrently director of the Tsing Hau
Students Mission. These positions he is still holding.
^
194
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Kungpah King
(Chin Shao-ch'eng)
Mr, Kungpah King was born at Nanhsun, Chekiang Province, in 1876.
After having finished his Chinese education at home, he acquired his
rudimentary knowlege of English at the St. Xavier's School, Shanghai.
In 1901 Mr. King went to England and joined the Department of
Commerce of King's College, London and finished in 1905. Upon his return
to China in the same year, he was appointed Assistant Miag-jstrate of the
Mixed Court at Shanghai. In the following year he was in charge of the
Trade Marks section of the Board of Commerce at Peking. Later, Mr. King
was transferred to be a Judge in the Supreme Court of Justice, which
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 195
position he held for five years. During the fourth year of his office, he
was sent to Washington as Chinese delegate to attend the Prison Con-
ference. After the conference, he investigated prison conditions and studiet'.
law proceedings in some eighteen different countries in America and
Europe. Upon his return to China, he wrote a number of books embodying
the results of his studies and researches. In 1912 Mr. King resigned from
the Supreme Court and became the Dean of the College of Commerce of
the Peking University and concurrently held the position of secretary to
the Board of the Interior. About the same time he founded the first Na-
tional Museum in the Chinese Capital, and was appointed its first curator.
In 1914 when Hsiung Hsi-ling was director-general of the National Oil
Administration, Mr. King served as resident director of the Field Off.ce in
Shensi where a number of wells were dug by the Standard Oil Company
undertaking the exploitation work. In August 1918 Mr. King was elected
a Member of Eepresentative of the new or ••Tuchuns'" Parliament. Sub-
sequently he was chosen as one of the three representatives to attend the
International Parliamentary Conference of Commerce held in Belgium.
In 1920, after the Anfu-Chihli war which resulted in the overthrow of the
Anfu Faction, the Parliament was dissolved. Subsequently Mr. King was
appointed a Secretary of the Cabinet which position, however, he did not
hold. In May 1915 he was Conferred the Second Order of Paokuang Chiaho
and in January 1920 the Second Order of Tashou Chiaho. In October 1922
Mr. King received the Third Order of Wenfu. In 1922 he was appointed
again to bs a secretary of the Cabinet and held this position until January
1923. In March 1923 he was appointed Councillor of the Bureau of Mongo-
lian and Tibetan Affairs, which position he is today holding. Mr. King
is a recognized authority on Chinese antique arts, such as paintings and'
porcelains and a highly accomplished artist himself.
196
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Sok-tsu G Kins
(Chin Shao-chi)
Sho-tsu G, King, was born at Nanziang, Chekiang, in 1886. He re-
ceived his early education under private tutors at liome. In 1902 he went
to England for higher education, in company with his two elder brothers.
Upon his arrival in London, he joined King's College and specialized
in electric engineering. He spent one year as an apprentice in the Gen-
eral Electric Company where he received practical training in electrical
engineering. Mr. King returned to China in 1905. After a rest for one
year, he went to North China, organized the electric department in the
Technical School of the Board of Commerce at Peking, and became its
first professor. At the request of Tang Wen-chih, at the time Vice-Min-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 197
ister of Commerce, he was a member of the Board of Qommunications.
Upon Mr. Tang's retiring from official life to become President of the
Nanyang College, Mr. King was transferred to that College and stayed
there for four years and a half, as head of the Chemical Department.
In 1911 he was transferred back to Peking and detailed for service in the
Ministry of Communicatioaj. He was attached to the postal administration
for some time with the rank of Junior Secretary. After the first revolu-
tion in 1911 which resulted in the establishment of the present Republic,
Mr. King went to Hankow and stayed there over four years as managing
director of a real estate concern called the Real Estate and Trading Comp-
any, and under him the management control property now valued at several
million dollars. In 1916 he came to Peking and was engaged in general
business. Some of the big commercial deals concluded in China since the
war such as the organization of the Chinese national wireless company
and the Vickers' contract of £1,800,000 were pushed through by Mr. King.
Mr. King is in Peking acting as agent of the Vicker's Company.
^
198
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Chin Sliao-tseng
^^^^^ m
General Chin Shao-tseng was born at Tientsin. His service with the
Mjinistry of War began in the Ching Dynasty which he served as a councillor.
After the establishment of the Republic, General Chin continued as a Coun-
cillor in the Ministry of War until December 1917, when he was appointed
Chief of the Department of Civil Affairs and Appointments. In March 1920
be was awarded the Second Order of Paokuang Chiaho and in August was
appointed Vice-Minister of War. In May 1921, General Chin was made a
lieutenant-general and in May 1922 he was appointed to act for the Minister
of War for a period. In October 1922 he was granted the First Order of
Wenfu and in November 1922 he was made a Chiangchun of the College of
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 199
Marshals with the special title "Shao-wei." In Septembsr 1923 General
Chin wias again placed in charge of the affairs of the Ministry of War which
position he held until January 1924 when General Lu Chin was appointe.d
Minister of War. General China's present position is Vice-Minister of War.
^
200
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Chin '^un-peng
mmmt-nm
General Chin Yun-peng was born at Chining, Shantung Province, in
1877. He was graduated from the Peiyang Military Academy and upon
graduation was appointed to command a small number of soldiers. In 1910
General Chin was transferred to Chekiang and appointed by the governor
of that province. His Excellency Ts'eng Yun, to command a regiment.
Soon after he was promoted to be commander-in-chief of the troops of that
province. In 1911 the first revolution broke out and General Chin was detached
for service under General Tuan Chi-jui, who was then commander-in-chief of
the Imperial troops for the suppression of the rebellion. On account of
his merit, he was given the rank of Lieutenant-General. In August 1913
General Chin was ordered to act for the Tutuh Military Governor of Shan-
tung and a month later was appointed acting Tutuh of Shantung. In June
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 201
1914 he was given the rank of Tai Hu Chiangchun. The rank of Count was con-
ferred upon General Chin in the latter part of 1915 when Yuan Shih-kai
proclaimed himself Emperor of China. On account of his loyalty to Pre-
sident Yuan General Chin did not take part in the third revolution
started for the restoration of the Republic. General Chin Yun-peng was
madu a Chiangchun with the special title of two words Kuo Wei, and ap-
pointed a member of the Chiangchanfu or the Military Council in June
1916. This was an "Irish promotion," by means of which he was removed
from thf position of military governor of Shantung. He had to come to
Peking to assume his new office. In November 1917 General Chin in
company of General Chu Tung-feng went to Japan as Chinesa representa-
tive to witness the Imperial Grand Manoeuver of that country. When the
War Participation Bureau was organised in March 1918, with Marshal Tuan
Chi-jui as its Director-General, General Chin was appointed the Adminis-
trative Director of that Bureau having in his control all the forces under
it. On January 11, 1919 General Chin lyas appointed Minister of War by
President Hsu Shih-ch'ang. In September he was ordered to act as Premier
and in November was appointed Premier. In December he was appointed
concurrently to be Minister of War. In January 1920 General Chin was
decorated with the First Order of Merit in recognizance of his service
rendered in connection with the War Participation Office. On July 2, 1920
General Chin was relieved of the Premiership and War portfolio. On Aug-
ust 9, he was reinstated as Acting Prime Minister with the concurrent
position of Minister of War. In October 1920 he was made a Full General.
On May 14, 1921 General Chin was appointed Prime Minister which position
he held until December 18, 1921. Ever since that time. General Chin has
been a resident in Tientsin.
202
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Ching Yao-yueh
Mr. Ching Yao-yueh was born at Jui Ch'eng Hsien, Shansi Province,
in 1883. He earlj'^ became a well-known scholar although he was only a
Fukung-sheng, or Senior Licentiate qualified to take the Metropolitan
Competitive Examinations. In 1904 he was admitted to Shansi University
as the holder of a government scholarship. Later he was sent with
government support to study in Japan. He studied Political Science and
Law at the Tokyo Imperial University where he was graduated in 1910
with the degree of LL.B. While in Japan, Mr. Ching joined the Tungming-
hui, the Revolutionary Party headed by Sun Yat-sen and the late Huang
Hsing. Among the Tungminghui members, he was noted as a powerful
propagandist. He edited a number of influential political papers immed-
iately before and after the Revolution among which were the Kuo Pao of
Tokyo, the Ming Hu Pao and the Ming Lieh Pao of Shanghai, the Ming
Chih Pao and the Ta Kuo Ming Jih Pao of Peking, etc. After his return
to China, he was for a time Professor of History to the Hsin Kung Hsueh
in Shanghai and president of the Liangkiang Law University in Nanking,.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 203
In the capacity of an executive member of the political section of the
Tung Ming Hui, Mr. Ching played an active part in the Revolution. Af-
ter the outbreak in October 1911, Mr. Ching represented the Shansi Military
government at the Nanking provisional government. He was subsequent-
ly elected president of the Conference of the provincial representa-
tives. He was also a member of the Nanking National Council; member
of the Provisional Constitution Drafting Committee; and chairman of the
Provisional Constitution Commission. In January 1912, the first day of
the Chinese Republic, Dr. Sun Yatrsen, who was elected provisional pre-
sident according to that constitution, assumed office and Mr. Ching was
appointed Vice-Minister of Education and also acting Minister of Educa-
tion. In March 1912 the unification of the country was effected through
Sun Yat-sen's resignation in favor of Yuan Shih-kai who was elected the
provisional president by the national council according to the constita-
tion. In May 1912 Mr. Ching went to Peking and accepted the position
of High Political Advisar to the president. Subsequently Mr. Ching was
elected a member of the First Parliament which assembled in Peking in
April 1913. In August 1917 after the death of Yuan Shih-kai, Mr. Ching
returned to the Parliament again when it was reconvoked by Li Yuan-
hung. In June 1917 when the Parliament was again dissolved and Chang
Hsun attempted to restore the Ching regime, Mr. Ching returned to
Shansi and assumed the Commandership of troops opposing the monar-
chical restoration. In June 1919 Mr. Ching received the Second Order
of Chiaho and ir January 1920, the Third Order of Wenfu. In February
1920 he was appoint3d Councillor of the government Bureau of Economic
Information. In February 1921 ho was awarded the Second Order of
Tashou Chiaho. In August 1922, when the old Parliament was reconven-
ed in Peking by President Li Yuan-hur.g, Mr. Ching resigned from the
Bureau of Economic Information to become a member of the House oi
Representatives again. In October 1922, he received the Second Order of
Paokuang Chiaho; in November 1922, the First Order of Wenfu; and in
January 1923, the Second Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In April 1924
Mr. Ching was appoinnted Director of the Bureau for the Preparation of'
New Parliamentary Electric which position he is still holding. Mr. Chang
is the author of many standard works in literature and poetry, among
which are "History of Chinese Pedagogy," "History of Chinese Metaphy-
sics," "Birth of the Chinese Republic," "The Political History of ths Re-
public," "A Treatise on China's Land System," "Gems of Chinese Poe-
tiy" in thirty volumes, "The Collection of Works of the Poets of Ching
Dynasty" in 120 volumes, "The Works of Mr. Ching Yao-yueh" in 65
volumes, and "The Essays of Ching Yao-yueh" in 3 volumes.
204
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Tsur Chi-lien
(.Chow Chi-lien)
Dr. Tsur Chi-lien was born at Ningpo, Chekiang, in 1877. After
graduating from St. John's University of Shanghai, he went to England
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 205
and attended Edinburgh University and received the degree of M. A.
Shortly afterwards he studied in Germany and specialized in political sci-
ence and was awarded the degree of Ph. D. Upon the completion of his
education in Germany Dr. Tsur returned to China and entered the govern-
ment service. In 1910 he accompanied Chang Tsung-hsiang, a former
Chinese Minister to Japan, to Germany to study German constitutional and
municipal governments. They returned in the latter part of 1911 when
the First Revolution resulting in the establishment of the present Republic
commenced. After the overthrow of the Manchu Regime, a law compila-
tion bureau was established at Peking and Dr. Tsur was appointed a
councillor of it. This position he held for two years. In 1914 Dr. Tsur
was appointed Third Secretary to the Chinese Legation in Japan. At the
time when he was recalled to be Commissioner to Australia in charge of
German and Austrian prisoners in June, 1918, he was Secretary to the
Chinese Legation in Tokio. After the decision to deport enemy subjects
in China to Australia was reversed, Dr. Tsur was made' a member of the
Foreign Office. Ffiv a while he was Acting Secretary. In 1919 Dr. Tsur
was appointed , Consul-General to New York. In the winter of the same
year he returned to China. In June 1920 he was relieved of the New
York post. In April 1922 Dr. Tsur was appointed Consul General at
Ottawa, Canada, which position he is still hoUing. In September 1923 Dr.
Tsur returned to China upon the death of his father at Shanghai.
^
206
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. L. Y. Chow
(Cbou Lun-yuan)
Mr. L. Y. Chow was born in A'ingpo, Chekiang province, in 1890.
He received his early education at the Ningpo Baptist Middle School,
entering St. John's University, Shanghai, in 1907. In 1911, he went to
the United States as a Boxer Indemnity student, and was graduated
from Lehigh University in 1915 with a degree in mining engineering.
After working in various mines in the United States, he returned to
China in the fall of 1915 and joined the Ping-hsiang Colliery as assistant
engineer. In 1918 he was made mining superintendent, from which posi-
tion he resigned in 1921 to accept the managership of the machinery de-
partment of the Far East Trading Company in Shanghai. He subsequently
went to the Fengtien Mining Administiration as chief mining engineer at
the Pataohao Coal Mine.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
207
Mr. Chow Pei-Chen
mum.
Mr. Chow Pei Chen was born in Nanzing, Chekiang, in 1883. In 1901,
he passed successfully the civil examination. Afcer the Boxer Rebellion,
he took up a business career but when the reform movement spread over
China, he joined Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Democratic Party. At the time of the
revolution he was one of the strong advocates of the republican form of
government and devoted much of his time in maintaining the peace of
Kiangsu and Chekiang. In 1917, he was appointed president of the Bur-
eau of Governmental Properties of Chekiang. He resigned his post the
following year, and in 1919, organized with some prominent merchants of
Shanghai the Chartered Stock & Produc3 Exchange, which was then a new
208 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
enterprise in China and of which he is still one of the managing directors.
The next year, he was elected a member of the committee of the Shanghai
General Chamber of Commerce. In 1923, he was appointed Vice-President
of the Board of Finance of the Kuomingtang Party. He is a liberal sup-
porter of charitable organization and public works <and in politics has
always been a loyal supporter of Dr. Sun. He has done much to spread
the doctrine of democracy.
t^
WHO'S WHO IN CAINH
209
Mr. Peter S. Jowe
m ^ i^
(Chou Pei-te)
Mr. Peter S. Jowe was born in Hankow in 1898 and received his
primary education in St. John's Primary School of the American Church
Mission, in which institution he continued his higher education unfilthe
higher school period, attending St. Paul's School, Cathedral Choir School
and the Middle School of Boone University. He left Boone University to
join Nanyang Collegfe in Shanghai, where he completed the academical
210 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
course of arts. Later he took the civil engineering course, which he
gave up on account of his inclination toward literature and journalism.
While in college, he devoted much time to the study of English literature.
In 1918 he began his career by contributing articles to reading magazines
and newspapers in Shanghai and editing the college paper at the same
time. In the early spring of 1919 he returned to Hankow, where he was
appointed contributing editor for Central China for the China Weekly
Review then known as Millard's Review. A few months later, he received
the appointment as special correspondent of The China Press, Shanghai.
During the 1920 Anfu-Chihli war, Mr. Jowe was responsible for all the
reports of the war in his territory, being also the first to wire the opening
of the war to Shanghai. In the same year, Mr. Jowe assisted the local
Y. M. C. A. in organizing their educational work, and became headmaster,
of their School of Commerce and Finance. The next year, 1921, he was
appointed Hankow correspondent of the North China Star, The Peking
Leader and for a time. The Shanghai Times. Later, he was appointed by
the Chung Mei News Agency as their staff correspondent in the inte-rior.
Later he organized the Independent News Service, which has become to-
day a very influential and important organization supplying news from
Hankow and the interior to the outside world through a chain of import-
ant newspapers, including The China Press, The Peking Leader, the Peking
Daily News. The Far Eastern Times, the North China Standard, The In-
dependent News and the North China Star. In the spring of 1923, hie
started the Independent News, a daily and Sunday newspaper in Hankow.
The paper was started practically as a personal enterprise by Mr. Jowe,
who at the beginning could interest only a very limited number of per-
sons with his newspaper scheme. In spite of many difficulties the paper
has proved to be a successful venture. It is his hope now to still further
improve and enlarge the paper. Mr. Jowe is also proprietor of the Chung
Mei Advertising Agency, the pioneer organization of its kind in Hankow.
This he started in 1919 and is now handling the advertising account of
many important advertisers in China. He is now a member of the
Crystal Club, a union of twelve formed along the line of a Rotary Club.
He has been adviser to Tuchun Hsiao Yao-nan of Hupeh, who is concurrently
High Inspecting Commissioner of Hupeh and Hunan.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
211
Mr. Chou Shu-mu
^ ^^ ^ ^ m
Mr. Chou Shu-mu, was born at Tienmen Hsien, Hupeh in 1868. In
1889 Mr, Chou successfully passed the Metropolitan Examinations and ob-
tained the title of Metropolitan Graduate and shortly afterwards was made
a Hanlin. At the beginning of 1900, Mr. Chou was appointed literary. ex-
aminer to Shansi. Later he was sent to Kwangtung in the same capacity.
Appreciative of the service which Mr. Chow had rendered, Chang Chih-
tung, Viceroy of Hupeh, extended to him an invitation to bs a professor
of the Lianghu College. Latar Mr. Chou was appointed a censor under the
Ching government. In 1907, following Mr. Chou's trip abroad studying
constitutional governments, he was appointed Commissioner of Public In-
struction for Kiangsu. Toward the end of the year Mr. Chou was transferred
to Mukden at the request of Hsu Shih-chang, who was then Viceroy of the
212 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Three Eastern Provinces. Mr. Chou then became the senior assistant of
President Hsu whereas former Prime Minister Chien Nun-hsiung was the
junior assistant. The first thing which Mr. Chou did was to alleviate the
suffering of the people in Fengtien caused by the Russo-Japanese War which
was just over. One year after his arrival the administration of Fengtien
was re-established and the suffering of the people greatly reduced. Then
he was appointed Governor of Heilungkiang. After the establishment of
the Republic in 1912, Mr. Chou retired into private life. Upon the request
of Yuan Shih-kai he accepted the position of President of the Administrative
Court which he held twice, first from May 1914 to October 1915 and then
President of the Commission for the Punishment of High Civil Officials. He
retired to private life in 1921. In November 1922 he was conferred by
President Li Yuan-hung the First Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. Mr.
Chou is the author of "Memorials of Heilung-kiang," "Poems of Siu Kou
Tsai," and several other literary works.
ta^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
213
Mr. Chow T«o-ming
^ f ^ S ^ f^ S
Mr. Chow Tso-ming, was born at Huaian Hsien Kiangsu, in 1882. He
studied at the Nanyang College of Shanghai, and then went to Japan to
pursue higher studies. After his graduation in Japan, he returned to
China and joined the Ministry of Finance, where his promotion W£S steady.
At last, he became Chief of the Treasury Department in the Ministry. In
1916 he joined the Bank of Communications and served that bank in vari-
ous capacities. In 1918, the Kincheng Banking Corporation with a total
capitalization of $5,000,003 was organized, and he was elected managing
director of the institution. He is still holding the position. In November
1919, Mr. Chow was decorated with the 2nd Order of Chiaho; in January
1920, the 2nd Order of Paokuang Chiaho; and in August 1921, the 2nd Order
of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In July 1922, Mr. Chow was appointed a
214 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
member of the All China Finance Discussion Conference. In 1923, the Kin-
cheng Banking Corporation, the Salt Industry Bank the Bank of Chinese
and Oveerseas, and the Continental Bank formed a Four Bank Savings
Syndicate with headquarters in Peking and branch offices in all important
cities. For this new enterprise, Mr. Chow was responsible.
I
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
215
Mr. Bin Yuan Chu, B. S., M. A.
Mi*. Bin Yuan Chu was born in 1894, in Changsha, the capital of Hunan
Province. Ho received his elementary education from the Minteh Primary
and Middle schools promoted by the General Woong Hsin, a noted leader
of the first revolution. In 1910, he was sent by the provincial government,
after a competitive examination, to study in the then newly founded Tsing
Hua College. When the Revolution broke out, Chu returned to Changsha,
and for some time was student at the Yale College. Lat-er, he rejoined
Tsing Hua, and was sent by that institution in 1916 to study finance arid
banking in America. He first attended Wesleyan University, Middleton,
Conn., from which he received the degree of Bachelor of Science in 1918.
After his graduation, he joined the banking firm, of Brown Bros, & Co., New
York, as a member of the foreign department. During the same time, he.
took many business courses in the evening school of New York University
216 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
at Wall Street. He helped to organize the Chinese Students' Banking Club
of which he was one time sesretary, and later president. He was also
made circulation manager of the Chinese Students' Quarterly, published in
America. In the fall of 1919, Mr. Chu joined Columbia University, taking
post-graduate work in the School of Business and in the Department of
Social Sciences, from which he obtained the degree of "Master of Arts in
1920. The subject of his thesis was, "'Investment Banking in the United
States." During that year, he was successful competitor in the essay con-
tests held by the American Asiatic Association and the Chinese Educational
Mission. On both occasions, he secured the first prize. The subjects of
his essays were "Plans and Possil3ilities for Currency Reforms in China,"
and "Advantages for the Investment of American Capital in China." Mr.
Chu joined the Wah Chang Trading Corporation in New York, shortly after
his post-graduate work in Columbia. In 1921, he was sent to the Shanghai
office of the same company as assistant secretary. Later in the year, he
joined the Shanghai branch of the Industrial and Commercial Bank, Ltd.,
as assistant managei^ In 1923, he was transferred to the head office of
the bank as secretary. In 1924, he resigned from the bank to be-
come Professor of Economics and Commercial Sciences ,in Tsing Hua Col-
lege. Mr. Chu has contributed to the China Weekly Review having written
an article based on his experience in banking entitled "Some Asip.3cts of
Foreign Exchange and Silver" as appeared in issues of the Review,
Volume XXIX, No. 3 to 13.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
217
Mr. Chu Chi-chien,
^ Bi. ^
Chu Chi-chien is a native of Kweichow. In the Tsing dynasty he re-
ceived the degree of M. A. through competitive Chinesa examinations.
After having held various government offices, Mr. Chu was appointed to
assist in the management of educational affairs for the Capital. In 1904
he was appointed Superintendent of Peking Inner Police. In 1907 the
present President, Hsu Shih-chang, was appointed Viceroy of Manchuria,
and soon after the appointment, he recommended to the Throne that Chu
Chi-chien be given the office of Director-General of Mongolian Affairs. The
Throne approved of the recommendation and gave him' a handsome month-
ly salary. Later. Hsu Shih-chang sent Mr. Chu abroad to study the problems
of colonization in order that he might be of assistance in colonizing Man-
218 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
churia. Upon his return, Mr. Chu was engaged by a Viceroy of Manchuria
as his adviser. On account of his disagreement with General Tien Liang,
a member of the Government Council, he returned to Peking and was sub-
sequently appointed director of one section of the Tientsin-Pukow Railway
in 1909. Chu Chi-chien was taken into the confidence of the late President
Yuan Shih-kai uponn the recommendation of Hsu Shih-chang. In July of
1912, he was therefore, appointed Minister of Communications when Lu
Cheng-hsiang was Prime Minister. He retained this office after Chao Ping-
chun had succeeded Premier Lu. In July of 1913, when the second re-
volution was at its height, Mr. Chu was appoint3d Acting Prime Min,-
ister, but he did not accept the post on account of political inexpedien-
cy. On September 11 of the same year, when' the^ revolution was sup-
pressed, he became Minister of the Interior, which position he held for
almost two years. In the winter of 1915, Yuan Shihvkai started the move-
ment to make himself Emperor, and Chu Chi-chien played an important part
in the movement. Upon the death of Yuan Shih-kai after the failure of his
movement, Mr. Chu resigned the office of Minister of Interior, and was
ordered to be arrested on account of his connection with the imperialistic
President. He retired to Tientsin^ In the eummer of 1918, the new
parliament was convoked, and Chu Chi-chien was elected Vice-Speaker of
the Senate. A few days before this event, the government issued a mandate
pardoning those who were associated with the Yuan Shih-kai monarchical
movement. However, Mr. Chu declined the honor, and a few months later
a new Vice-Speaker of the Senate was elected. Chu Chi-chien has
was appointed Chief of the Northern peace delegation to the Chinese
peace conference. He has the confidence of the people generally and is
considered a powerful leadier of the Chaotung clique or Comm^unications
Party.
v$5
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
219
Mr. Chu Ch'i
Mr. Chu Ch'i was born at Naiihaihsien, Kwangtung in 1858. He
studied under Chen Lan-pu, a famous scholar at that time. At the age
of 21, Mr. Chu became a Licentiate by compstitive examinations. Nine
years later, he became a Provincial Graduate. In 1899, Mr. Chu gave up
teaching and established the Ling Hsueh Monthly. In 1900 he started the
Ling Hai Daily News. In 1901 he organized the Tung Hu Daily News,
In 1903 he went to Tsingtao and started the Kiaochow Daily News. In
1904 he went to Peking and organized the Peking Jih Pao, the oldest
220 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Chinese newspaper in Peking. The Shun Tien Shih Pao, a Japanese daily
in the Capitol, was established about the same time. In 1907, Mr. Chu
founded the English Peking Daily News. In the last days of the Ching
Dynasty a press association was founded and Mr. Chu was elected chair-
man of the association which position he held until the first year of the
Republic when he was relieved by .Mr. Wang Chien-chai. In May 1921,
the National Press Association met at Peking and Mr. Chu was elected
chief secretary of the association. Besides being a prominent journalist,
Mr. Chu is a scholar of no mean attainment. At the time when Yuan
Shih-kai was Viceroy of Pei Yang, an offer of a political position was
made to Mr. Chu, but was declined. Late Mr. Chao Ping-chun, former
Prime Minister and one of Yuan's truatad lieutenants, was a pupil of Mr.
Chu. Mr. Chu is still the editor of the Peking Jih Pao.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
221
Mr. Chu Hsing-yuan
Mr. Chu Hsing-yuan was born at Tahsin Hsien, .Metropolitan District,
in 1880. He received thorough education in Chinese and was a graduate
of the Peking Imperial University with the degree of Chu-jen, equivalent
to M. A. After his graduation, Mr. Chu went to Japan where he studied
for two years in the Chung Yin Academy. Upon his return to China, he
was appointed Councillor of the Board of Foreign Affairs. At the same
time he taught in the Academy of High Learning for Metropolitan Grad-
uates (Chin..-shih or Ph. D.); the Academy for Civil Officials; the Peking
Imperial University; and the School for Translation. In August 1912 Mr.
Chu was appointed junior secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
In September 1913 he was promoted to be senior secretary of the same
Ministry. In October the late President Yuan awarded him the Third
Order of Chiaho. In December 1913 he was appointed First Secretary to
the Chinese Legation at Washington D. C. Before proceeding to Washing-
ton to assume office, Mr. Chu travelled extensively in Europe. In July
222 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
1918 Mr. Chu was again appointed secretary of the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs and to act concurrently as Councillor of the Ministry. In August
1919 he was appointed a member of the Commission to supervise the Ex-
amination for Diplomatic and Consular Officials. In the same month he
was appointed Secretary to the Ministry of Communications. In January
1920, Mr. Chu was awarded the Second Order of Wenfu.. In October 1920
he was appointed Commissioner of Foreign Affairs for Chihli with head-
quarters at Tientsin to succeed Huang Yung-liang who was then appointed
to be Chinese Minister to Vienna. This position Mr. Chu is still holding.
In February 1921 Mr. Chu was conferred the Second Order of Chiaho and
in October 1922, the Second Order of Tashou Chiaho.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
223
Mr. Co Ching Chu
^ ^ ti
(Chu K'e-Chen
Dr. Co Ching Chu, was born in Shao-hsin Chekiang, in 1890. He at-
tended Ching Chong School, Shanghai, in 1908-1907, Middle School of
Fut'an College in 1907-1908, and Tangshan Engineering College in 1909-
1910. After finishing the freshman year in Tangshan Engineering College,
he went to America on a Boxer Indemnity Scholarship during the summer
of 1910 and entered the University of Illinois in the autumn of 1910, tak-
ing the degree of B. S. from the latter University in 1913. He was awarded
the Emerson Scohlarship at Harvard University in 1917. He received the
degree of Ph. D. from the Department of Geology and Geography of Harvard
University in 1918, his graduate thesis being on "The Typhoons of the
Pacific Ocean." Upon returning to China he was appointad lecturer on
Meteorology and Physical Geography in the Government Teachers' College
of Wuchang during the academic years 1918-1919 and 1919-1920 and the
next year lecturer on Climatology and Meteorology in the Natonal South-
eastern University (formerly Government Teachers' College of Nanking)
and head of the Department of Geology and Geography since 1921. He
is a member of the Board of Directors of the Science Soeidfcy of China,
Fellow of the American Geographical Society (elected 1917), member of
the Geological Society of China, co-translator of Prof. A. J. Thomson's
224 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
"Outline of Science" (Commercial Press, Shanghai 1923), author of Rain-
fall Distribution in China Monthly Weather Review, Washington D. C,
1916), "Chinese Contribution to Meteorology" (Geographical Review, New
York City, 1917), "Meteorology" (popular series, Commercial Press 1923),
and several other articles on meteorology, geography and allied subjects.
t^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
225
Mr. Chu Pao-San
Mr. Chu Pao-san, is rightly called the veteran merchant of Shanghai,
having been in business in Shanghai for more than 60 years. Was
born in 1847 in the city of Tinghai, Chekiang, Mr. Chu indeed has had
a most varied and interesting commercial life, serving as the head even
today of many industrial enterprises. As chairman of the Chinese General
Chamber of Commerce, Shanghai he enjoyed the confidence of all Chinese
and foreigners in the community on account of his spirit of public ser-
vice and keen sense for justice. He also served for sometime as the
Vice-Chairman of the National Association of Chambers of Commerce.
226 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
In banking, he promoted the Commercial Bank of China, the Ningpo
Commercial Bank, Ltd., the Chekiang Industrial Bank, Ltd., and the Chung
Hwa Commercial and Savings Bank. In insurance, he was organizer of
the Wah An Fire and Marine Insurance Co., Ltd., the Wah Sing In-
surance Co., Ltd., and the China United Assurance Society, Ltd. In min-
ing, Mr. Chu is directing the Liu Kiang and Chang Hsin Mining com-
panies. In electric works, he has considerable interests in the Shanghai
Nantao Tramway Co., Ltd., the Ting Hai Electric Construction Company
and the Chousan Electric Company. In navigation, Mr. Chu is director
of the Chousan Steam Navigation Co., the Yung An Steamship Company,
the Yung Lee Shipping Company and the Chang Ho Navigation Company.
Besides these Mr. Chu organized the Lung Chang Paper Mill, the Ta Yu
Factory, the Ta Tah Steamship Company, the Nantao Water Works, the
Shanghai Cement Company, the Li Dah and Chung Hsin Flour Mills, the
Shanghai Silk Manufacturing Co., the Sin Wan Pao, Ltd., the First Woolen
Goods Factory, the Ho Hsin Iron Foundry, the Ho Fung Cotton Mill,
Ningpo, and others. Educationally, he is trustee for the Shanghai Com-
mercial School, the Tung Chi Medical and Engineering College, the Ting
Hai School, the Sheng Yi School m Tinghai and the Yi Chi School of
Ningpo. In philanthropic and public enterprises, he is director of the
Union Club, the Chinese Red Cross Society, the Ningpo Guild, the Ting
Hai Guild, the Door of Hope, the Kwang Yi, Jen Chi and Wei Chung
Benevolent Institutes, the Ningpo Hospital, the Kwang Chi Hospital, the
Tung Chi Hospital, the Shanghai Summer Disease Hospital, the Woosung
Quarantine Hospital, the Shanghai Kung Li Hospital, the Shanghai Or-
phanage, the Hsin Pu Yi Tang, the Pu Yi Industrial Home, the Anti-Kid-
napping Society, the Tung Yi and Liengyi Philanthropic Institutes, the
Bureau for the Cheap Sale of Rice and the International Famine Relief
Committee.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
227
Dr. Jennings P. Chu
(Chu Pin-k'uel)
Mr. Jennings Pinkwei Chu. was bora in 1895, at Chia-shan, Chekiang,
China. In 1911, he entered Tsing Hua College, Peking, where he graduated
in 1916. He was then 'sent to the United States, entering John Hopkins
University from which he received his A. B. degree in 1918. He took one
year of graduate work in education there in 1918-19. From 1919-22, he
was transferred to Teachers College, Columbia University, specializing in
educational statistics and educational administration. From Columbia he
received his A. M. degree in 1920 and his Ph. D. degree in 1922. He was
appointed Research Scholar of Teachers College 1921-22, appointed lecturer
228 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
in Chinese in New York University for two years^ 1920-22; became a
member of the Kappa Delta Pi National Educational Fraternity in America
in 1922; was elected President of the Tsing Hua Alumiii Association in
America 1920-21. In the summer of 1922, he took an extensive trip to
Europe where he conducted an investigation of the new educational condi-
tions in the continental countries. Upon his return to China, he was
appointed Professor of Education at the National Southeastern University,
Nanking, and Dean of the Kiangsu First Girls Normal School, He was
immediately promoted to the Assistant and Acting Dean of the Colleg'ie of
Education of the same University. He is now Director of the Instruction
Department, Director of the Summer School and Professor of Education of
the National Southeastern University and also Dean of the Kiangsu First
Girls Normal School. He has written the following two books: Chinese
Students in America; Qualities Associated With Their Success, published
by Columbia University, No. 127 of the Columbia University Contributions
to Education and Some Statistical and Measurement Terms Standarized in
Chinese, published by the Commercial Press, Shanghai.
<^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
229
'^'•' Mr. Chu Shao-hsin
Mr, Chu Shao-hsin was born at Hua Hsien, Kuangtung province, in
1880. In his youth he was educated in the Chinese classics by his
father and his uncle who both enjoyed high repute as distinguished
writers. In 1896 he attended the prefectural competitive examinations
and obtained the literary degree of Hsiu ts'ai or Licentiate. In 1897
he became a lin-sheng or salaried licentiate and was then admitted as a
scholar to the Kuang Ya College, Canton, where he became an instructor
in literature. From 1903 to 1907 Mr. Chu attended the Imperial Univer-
230 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
sity of Peking where he received the literary degree of Chujen or pro-
vincial graduate (equivalent to M. A. in western schools). In February
1908 Mr. Chu was sent to America by the board of Education to pursue
advanced studies and also to open a Chinese public school in New York
City. For three years he studied commerce and finance at New York
University and later took post-graduate courses in Political Science and
Law at Columbia University where he was graduated in 1911 with the
degree of B. S. C. In 1912 he obtained the degree of M. A. Mr. Chu
returned to China in December 1912 and at first joined the Government
University of Peking, as Professor in Economics. Later he was appointed
Secretary and Political Councillor to the President's Office under Yuan
Shih-kai. In April 1913 the First Parliament was inaugurated in Peking
and Mr. Chu was a Senator representing Chinese Overseas. He served with
distinction on the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Senate and was also
a member of the Constitutional Drafting Committee which held its ses-
sions in the Temple of Heaven. He was a member of the Kuomingtang
party. After the dissolution of Parliamently Yuan Shih-kai in January 1914
he was appointed the Mixed Court magistrate of Kulongsu in Amoy, Fukien
province. This position he later resigned to return to Peking to practise
law where he was elected by the Peking Lawyers' Association as its vice-
president. When the first parliament was reconvoked by President Li Yuan-
hung in June 1916 Mr. Chu again served as senator until June 1917 when
it was again dissolved. Mr. Chu was then appointed Commissioner of
Foreign Affairs for Kiangsu Province. There he came in touch with the late
General Feng Kuo-chang, then the Vice-President with headquarters at
Nanking. In August 1917 Feng Kuo-chang assumed the Presidency and
asked Mr. Chu to join him as English Secretary. Mr. Chu was appointed
Consul-General in San Francisco in 1918 and served until February 1921,
when he was transferred to the Chinese Legation in London as First
Secretary and Counoilto. In May 1920 Mr. Chu was awarded the Third
Order of Paokuang Chiaho. During the absence of Dr. Wellington Koo,
the Minister to London who attended the Assembly of the League of Nations
in Geneva and the Washington Conference and then returned to China on
leave and subsequently became Minister for Foreign Affairs at Peking. Mr.
Chu also acted as Charge d'Affaires to the Court of St. James. In February
1922 Mr. Chu was appointed to represent China on the Opium; .^dvis-ory
Committee, constituted under the League of Nations. In September 1922
he attended the Third Assembly of the League of Natfons as China's de-
legate-substitute. In October 1922 he was awarded the Second Order of
Tashou Chiaho. In July 1923, Mr. Chu was given the rank of Envoy Ex-
traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. He is still Chinese Charge
d'Affaires at London.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
231
Mr. Chu Shen
Mr. Chu Shen was born at Yungchingihsien, Chihli in 1830. Mr. Chu,
after having completed his studies in Chinese schools in Tientsin and
Peking went to Japan and studied law in Tokyo University where he
graduated with the degree of L. L. B. Upon his return to China, Mr.
Chu practised law. His public career, however, commenced in August of
1912 when he was appointed Acting Chief Procurator of the Local Pro-
curatorate in Peking. In November 1913, Mr. Chu was appointed Chief
Procurator the Metropolitan High Procuratorata. Later he became a mem-
ber of the Chief Procuratorate which is attached to the Supreme Court.
In November 1915, he was promoted to be chief of the Chief Procuratorate.
In September 1917, Mr. Chu was appointed Minister of Justice. He was
232 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
concurrently appointed Minister of the Interior in June 1919 upon the
resignation of Chien Nun-hsun from the Ministry and the Premiership. In
December 1920 he was relieved of the concurrent post. Mr, Chu was a
strong supporter of the Anfu Clique. After the resignation of Mr. Chien
as Premier, his party nominated him for the premiership. But the no-
mination was objected to by the President and the anti-Anfu factions and
it was therefore not submitted to Parliament for approval. In July 1920,
after the downfall of Anfu as a result of Chihli-Anfu strife, all the Anfu
members in the Cabinet were dismissed, including Mr. Chu. In the same
month he was deprived of all honors and offices that he had hitherto
received and ordered to be arrested for trial. He fled to the legation
for quite a long time and later escaped to Tientsin. He was pardoned in
December 1923 and now he is a resident in Tientsin.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHiNA
^3
Mr* Chu Ta-ch'un
(Chai Laifong)
Mr. Chai Lai-Pong was born in Wusih in 1855. He came to Shanghai
in 1872 and in course of time established the Yueng Chong Company.,
trading in coal and other minerals. The enterprise proving very success-
ful, he directed his attention to shipping and operated a number of
steamers between Shanghai, Singapore, Japan and ports on the China coast.
With the profits made in these ventures, Mr. Chai made big investments
in mills, among which may be mentioned the Yuen Chong Silk Filature
established in 1895, the Wah Shing Flour Mill with a capital of Tls. 300,000,
half of which was subscribed by himself, the Yuen Chong Rice Mill, est-
ablished in 1888 and later amalgamated with the Shanghai Rice Mill, and
234 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
the Kung Yih Cotton Mill with 182,000 spindles and capitalised at S1,000,
000 of which Mr. Chai owns two-thirds. Mr. Chai has also inveested heavily
in land and buildings, holding' shares in many commercial enterprises and
banks. He is compradore for boeh Jardine, Matheson and Co. and the
Shanghai Electric Construction Company. He is a member of the Shanghai
Paper and Oil Mills, chairman of the Wusih Chamber of Commerce, and
Director of the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce, Shanghai.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
235
Mr* Ponson C. Chu
* ^ ^ '# 1$ ^
(Chu Szu-fei)
Mr. Ponson C. Chu was born at Shanghai in 1885. He received his
college education at the St. John's University where he stayed from 1897
to 1904. In September 1904 Mr. Chu went to America as a privately sup-
ported student. He prepared for college at the Central High School, Wash-
ington, D. C, 1904-5. In 1905 he entered the Yale University studying
Political Science and Law. During 1907-8, he was president of the Yale
Chinese Students' Club, Secretary of the Cosmpoplitan Club and manager
of the Chinese Students' Monthly. In 1909 he graduated with the degree
of B. A. Mr. Chu returned to China in September 1909 by way of Europe
In 1910 he passed the Examination for Returned Students held by
the Imperial Board of Education and the degree of Chu-jen or Provincial
Graduate (equivalent to M. A.) was given to him by the Imperial govern-
23(^ WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
ment. In May 1911, he attended the Imperial Court Examination for
Civil Officials. By an Imperial Edict, he was appointed Senior Secretar}'
of the Board of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce. From this position
he resigned in October 1911 when the First Revolution broke out at Wu-
chang. Mr. Chu returned to Shanghai and was appointed Chief of the
Educational Department of the Chapei Municipal Council and later elect-
ed Alderman of the Second Ward of Chapei District. These positions he
held until 1912, In 1913, upon application to the Ministry of Justice, Mr.
Chu was licensed to practise law. Ever since that time he has been a
popular Legal Practitioner in Shanghai. His address is Nanling Lee, Rain-
ing Rood, Shanghai.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
237
Mr. Chu Yu-chi
^^ m ^i^ ^
Mr. Chu Yu-chi was born at Paoshan Hsien, Kiangsu, in 1886. His
father, the late Chu Chih-chao, assisted Li Hung-chang in founding the
China Merchants Navigation Company, in establishing telegraphic com-
munication between China and Korea, and in opening the Kaip'ing. and
Pingchuan Mines. The initiation of the building of the Shanghai-Woosung
Railway was also his. When his father was in the North as the Yung Ting
Ho Taotai and Director General of the North China Telegraph Administra-
tion, Mr. Chu was with him serving as private secretary. In 1906 Mr.
Chu joined the secretariat of General Chiang Kuei-ti who was then the
Commander-in-Chief of the I Chun Troops. At the outbreak of the First
238 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Revolution in 1911, Mr. Chu was in Taiyuan Fu, Shensi where he was visit-
ing a relative who was the magistrate, where they were besieged by
iting a relative who was the mag'istrate, where they were besieged by
bandits. Mr. Chu happened to be inside that city, volunteered his services
to organize a volunteer corps for the defence of the city and finally saved
the city. In 1914, Mr. Chu became Chief of the Kuan Kang Salt Tran-
sportation Office in Shantung. During 1915-16 he was Director of the
Chuang Ho Salt Taxation Bureau, in Fengtien Province. In 1917 Mr. Chu
was appointed Director of the Provincial Stamp Tax Bureau of Kirin.
While in that province, he started several large lumber producing com-
panies with joint Sino-Japanese capitals at work in the forests of that pro-
vince. Among these may be mentioned the Hailing and the Ching-yun. In
192G Mr. Chu was transferred to the Ministry of Finance in Peking where he
served in different capacities. In 1921 he was given a concurrent position
in the Ministry of War. In September 1923 Mr. Chu was appointed
Director of the Shanghai Mint which position he is still holding. Follow-
ing this appointment he served twice as Chief of the General Affairs
Department of the Ministry of Finance during the period when the Cabinet
was performing the functions of the President.
«^
WHOS WHO IN CHINA
239
Dr. Y Y. Tsu
(Chu Yu-yu)
Dr. Y. Y. Tsu was born at Shanghai in December 1887. He studied
at St. John's. In college he was a prominent student and athlete. He
was also editor of the college publications, the Echo and the Dragon.
In 1907, Dr. Tsu graduated from the institution and received the degree
of A. B. After teaching in his alma mater for two years, he sailed for
the United States in the summer of 1909 for advanced study. He entered
the General Theological Seminary in New York City, specializing in soci-
ology. Later he joined Columbia University, receiving the degrees of M.
A. and Ph. D. Dr. Tsu returned to China in August 1912 by way of
Europe and Siberia,, and has since been engaged in educational work as
240 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Professor of Sociology of the St. John's University, Shanghai. Dr. Tsu
is connected with many public organizations and holds several offices,
including chairman, Boy Scout Association of Shanghai; chairman, St.
John's University Alumni Association, Shanghai branch; Chinese secretary,
American University Club; member editorial board of the Chinese Recorder;
publication committee of the Christian Literature Society of China, Na-
tional Committee, Y. M. C. A., China Continuation Committee and member
of the directorate of the World's Chinese Students' Federation. Dr. Tsu
is the author of several books both in English and in Chinese. He wrote
the Sprit of Philanthropy, (in English) and translated George' Hodges
Saints and Heroes. He has contributed to magazines on sociological
subjects, such as "Confucian Idea of God," "Eugenics," "Native Charities
of Shanghai," etc.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
241
Mr. Chu Yung-kuang
M B^ ^ '-# 5: ^
Mr. Ch'u Ying-kuang was born at Linghai Hsien, Chekiang Province,
in 1881. He graduated from the Ch'ili Cheng Institute and was engaged
as a teacher. Later he became president of the Commercial School at
T'ai Chow, Chekiang. Still later Mr. Ch'u became teacher of the Military
Survey School in Anhui. In 1912 Mr. Ch'u was appointed Advisor to the
Fifth Division of the Provincial Army of Chekiang after having taken a
prominent part in the first Revolution in October 1911. In August 1912
he was appointed Director in charge of the Civil Affairs Department of
his native province. In September 1913 Mr. Ch'u beecame acting Chief
Civil Administrator of Chekiang. In May 1914 he became Hsun An hih,
new name for the Civil Head of a province. The late President Yuan
242 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
had much confidence in Mr. Ch'u who was also well liked by the Kuo-
mingtang people at the same time. In December 1915 when Yuan Shih-kai
practically made himself Emperor of China, he conferred upon him the rank
of Count of the First Order. In April 1916 Chekiang declared independence
of Peking as a protest against Yuan's monarchical movement.. Mr. Ch'u
sided with the people although he was after a few days appointed by Pek-
ing to be concurrently acting 'director of Military Affairs of Chekiang. Mr.
Ch'u resigned from the Shantung posts in July 1916 and went to Peking
when he promoted the Sino-American Association. In July 1919 Mr. Ch'u
was appointed acting Civil Governor of Shantung. In March 1920 he Avas
conferred the Third Order of Merit. A Presidential Mandate dated June 24,
1920 ordered his removal from the Shantung governship. Another Mandate
was issued on August 8, 1920 ordering him to leave the post for his Suc-
cessor and go to Peking. In October 1922 Mr. Ch'u was decorated with
the First Order of Wenfu. He has been a resident in Tientsin since leaving
Shantung.
^
I
WHO S WHO IN CHINA
243
Mr. Ch'uan Liang
Mr. Ch'uan Liang was born at Wuchang, Hupeh in 1875. After hav-
ing studied in Chinese schools he went to Japan for a foreign education.
He graduated from the Commercial College at Tokyo and returned to
China shortly afterwards. He received the degree of A. M. after suc-
cessfully passing the examinations. He joined the government service
and was given the rank of expectant clerk. Later he was appointed In-
dustrial Adviser to the Viceroy of Hupeh. He started the Commercial
College of Hupeh of which he subsequently became director. Later he
was trransferred to the Peking Government University and became director
of its commercial department. Among the other official posts he held
were the second class sectional member of the Board of Communications
and the second class sectional chief of the Railway Traffic Department.
Toward the end of the Manchu government, he was transferred to the
Board of Interior and Commerce and was appointed a Secretary. After the
establishment of the Republic, Mr. Ch'uan continued holding the position
in the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce (formerly Board of
244 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Industry and Commerce). A year later he was transferred to the Ministry
of Communications where he became officiating Counsellor and Acting Dir-
ector of the Railway Department. On May 26, 1916 Mr. Ch'uan was order-
ed to take charge of the Ministry and on June 16, he was appointed acting
Vice-Minister of Communications. In October 1916 he was relieved of the
acting post and returned to the Councillor post again. From April 1917
to July 1917 Mr. Ch'uan was Vice-Minister of Communications. Durir^g
the month of May he was acting, for the Minislbar of Com.munications.
After his resignation from the Vice-Ministership, he was at once appointed
Director of the Kir in-Huining Railway which position he held only for a few
months. In January 1919 Mr. Ch'uan was appointed Director-General of the
Kirin-Huining Railway and concurrently the managing director of the
Kirin-Changchun Railway and was in the same month decorated by the
Second Order of Paokuang Chiaho. In January 1920 Mr. Ch'uan was
awarded the Second Order of Wenhu and in February, the Second Order
of Tashou Paokuang. In July 1920, immediately after the Chihli-Anfu
War he was appointed acting Vice- Minister of Communications and dir-
ector-general of Government Railways. He was also' ordered to dis-
charge the functions of the Minister. In August 1920 Yen Kung-ch'ao
became Minister and Mr. Ch'uan handed over the office. He was at the
same time relieved of the Vice-Ministership and ordered to return to
Kirin-Huining and Kirin-Changchun posts. In November 1920 he was
charged with having misappropriated $100,000 out of the railway con-
struction fund. He was summoned before the Peking Court to answer
the charge. The case however resulted ii. the finding of Mr. Ch'uan be-
ing not guilty and he was soon reinstated to the position of director-
general of Kirin Huining Railway. In May 1921 Mr. Ch'uan was remov-
ed from the Kirin-Huining post. In March 1922 he was appointed an
executive member of the Commission on the Problems of Communications
in connection with the Retrocession of Shantung. In May 1922, after the
downfall of the Communications Clique. Mr. Ch'uan was again appointed
Director-General of the Kirin-Huining Railway and to hold concurrently
the post of Acting Minister of Communications. A week later h.6 was re-
lieved from the latter position and has been Director-General of the Kirin-
Huining Railway ever since that time.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
245
Dr. Ch'uan S. H. Chuan
^ $a it ^ ^ f A
Ch'uan Shao Ching
Dr. Chuan Shao-ching was born at Wanpinghsien, Chihli in 1884. He
studied medicine at the Peiyang Medical College, Tientsin, where he grad-
uated in 1904. In 1905 Dr. Ch'uan was attached to the Chinese Im-
perial Mission to Tibet as a doctor. Ho accompanied the same mission to
India. Returning to China he became professor of anatomy and medicine
at the Peiyang Medical College. He remained with that college until
1910, and in 1911 played a prominent part in the campaign against the
plague in North Manchuria. Dr. Chuan went to America and spent one
year at John Hopkins University in 1912, and spent another year at the
sanitary school at Harvard University. While studying in America, he
246 WHO S WHO IN CHINA
was appointed by the Chinesa government to attend the Congress of In-
ternational Red Cross in 1912, and the International Congress of Medi-
?ine in London in 1913. Returning to China after the London Congress
Dr. Chuan was again appointed Proff-ssor of Medicine at the Peiyang
Mfdical College. Later he became Surgeon-General of the Chinese Army
and director of the Army Medical College. Since 1914 he has been holding
both positions concurrently. During General Chang Hsun's monarchical
movement in 1917, he was councillor to the Ministry of War, and was at-
tached to Marshal Tuan's army as a secretary. In 1918 Dr. Ch'uan was sent to
Suiyuan to fight the plague and fought it successfully. In March 1920 he
was conferred the Second Order of Chiaho. In April 1921 he was ap-
pointed by the government as special delegate to the International Con-
gress of Medicine and Pharmacy to be held at Brussel, Belgium, in Sep-
tember. In June 1922, Dr. Ch'uan was appointed Vice-Minister of Ed-
ucation when Kao Er-hung was Acting Minister. This position he held
only for a month. In July 1922 Dr. Ch'uan was awarded the Second Order
of Tashou Chiaho; in January 1923, the Second Order of Tashou Paok-
uang Chiaho; and in March 1923, the First Order of Tashou Paokuang
Chiaho. In August 1922 Dr. Ch'uan was appointed Chief of the Metro-
politan Plague Prevention Service. This position he held until April
1923. Since spring 1924 Dr. Ch'uan has been in Change of the Public
Health of Tsingtao.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
247
Or. Chung Shih-ming
M ffi^ ^ M 4
Dr. Chung Shih-min^'j was born at Tientsin in 1880. He obtained his
middle school education from the Tientsin Government High School which
he entered in 1901. In April 1903 he was admitted to the Pel Yang Un-
iversity where he studied for three years. In 1906 Dr. Chung was sent to Am-
erica for higher education at government expenses. In the United States
he attended Harvard University and graduated in September 1908 with the
degree of B. A. He took post-graduate work in the same university and
was given the degree of M. A. in IS ovember 1909. On his way back to
China, by way of Siberia, he was instructed by the Chinese government
to visit all the leading European countries and study their political con-
ditions. In February 1910 Dr. Chung was appointed a member of the
technical education department of the Chihli Educational Administration,
and concurrently was professor of English in the High Industrial College
248 r WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
of Chihli, In September 1910, Dr. Chung passed the Returned Students
Examinations by the then Board of Education and was awarded the degree
of Doctor of Law. In January 1911, he was appointsd assistant chief of
the technical education department of the Chihli Educational Administra-
tion. In May he attended the Imperial Court Examination and came out
the fourth of the First grade and was given the honorary degree of Han-
lin as well as a post in Peking. Seeing that his service at Tientsin was
indispensible, the then Viceroy of Chihli, made Dr. Chung chief of the
technical educational department of the Chihli Educational Administration.
In June 1912, he was appointed dean of the Chihli High Industrial College
and at the same time taught law in Pei Yang Law College. In December
the office of the Chihli Educational Administration was abolished and Dr.
Chung accepted the offer of the Ministry of Finance to assist in the pre-
liminary organization of a national salt service. In January 1913 he was
appointed resident director of the Salt Gabelle which was then just or-
ganized. A year later, he was awarded the Fourth Class Chia Ho de-
coration in recognition of his service rendered to the Salt Administra-
tion. In May 1914 he was given concurrently the post of resident director
of the translation bureau of the Salt Administration. In December he
was given the Third Class Chia Ho decoration. In June 1915 Dr. Chung
was appointed Councillor of the Salt Administration. In April 1916 at
the recommendation of the Minister of Finance, he was given the brevet
rank of salt transportation commissioner. In May he was appointed sec-
retary of the Salt Administration. In June 1918 he was appointed by the
Salt Administration to supervise works of the Executive Department.
In October 1918 Dr. Chung was awarded the Second Order of Chiaho. In
November 1919, the Second Order of Tashou Chiaho. In February 1921,
he reviewed the Second Order of Paokuang Chiah. In November 1921 Dr.
Chung was appointed to act as vice-Minister of Finance, holding the poste
of associate director of the Salt Administration and Inspector General of
the Salt Inspectorate. In December 1921, the position of Vice-Minister
was substantiated. In March 1922, Dr. Chung was in charge of the affair.,
of the Ministry of Finance. On May 26, of the same year he was dismis-
sed from the financial positions which he had hitherto held. In June
1923, Dr. Chung received the appointment from General Chang Tso-lin as
High Financial Advisor. In March 1924 he was appointed Commissioner
of Foreign Affairs for Fengtien Province which position he is still holding.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
249
General Chang Chung-chang
^ ^ 13
From a common soldier to Fieldmarshaldom in the brief space of a few
years in the remarkable record of General Chang Chung-chang, Commander
of the First Fengtien Army which conquered Shanghai 'and vicinity and
defeated the Chihli forces in their last stand against the Anfu-Fengtien forces
early in 1925. General Chang spent his early years in Manchuria. He was
born in Shangtung province in 1881. During the Russo-Japanese War,
the Czarists offered him a commission in their army and he was given the
rank of Captain and won a considerable reputation for his bravery and
energy. When the first revolution broke out in China in 1911, he at once
identified himself with the Republican cause. With the assistance of Lieut-
Col. T. C. Soo, now his foreign advisor, but at that time compradore of
Bryner, Konsentzoff and Co. of Siberia, he organized the first force of
Manchurian troops to be despatched to Shanghai to attack the government
arsenal. Six hundred men and 100 horses were shipped to the lower
250 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Yangtsze. They were consigned to General Li Tsung-wu, who was then
in charge of the revolutionary forces at Shanghai and he led the attack
against the Arsenal which was held by the loyalists. General Chang later
came to Shanghai himself and served under Li as a commander of a cavalry
brigade. After the establishment of the Republic, General Chang and his
forces were transferred to Nanking, serving under General Lung Yu-chiu,
in command of the Third Division. After the second revolution, he was
stationed in Hsuchowfu to undertake the work of bandit suppression in
this district, which was over run with brigand.^ and stragglers. When Lung
retired, he was given command of the third division upon the recom-
mendation of brother officers. In 1917, when Feng Kuo-chang went to
Peking to become President, Chang was appointed his adjutant. He
and General Ho Chung-lien were commissioned to Harbin, where they dis-
solved the Russian White Army which had become a menace to the resid-
ents. Upon his return, he was made superintendent of Military Education
in the Ministry of War. In the following year, General Chang was sent
to Hupeh at the head of the sixth mixed brigade on an expedition to
Canton to stop the march of General Tan Yen-kai, who had occupied
Hunan. His victory at Chuchow and Liling was complete. From then on,
he remained in Kiangsi as a division commander. In 1922, he leftKiangisi
for Manchuria. After defeating General Kao Shih-ping, who was then
plotting against Marshal Chang Tso-lin at the instance of the Chihli Party,
Chang succeeded him as Occupation Commissioner of Suiling, Kirin. Due
to his intimate knowledge of tihe Russians, all the "white" officers and
men perving under the Mukden Marshal were placed under General Chang's
command. Being in command of the first army he was the first to enter
Tientsin and Peking after the defeat of Wu Pei-fu in 1924 as a result of
General Feng Yu-hsiang's historical coup d'etat. He was assigned duties
under Marshal Lu Yung-hsiang when the latter was appointed Pacification
Commissioner for Kiangsu and Anhui in December 1923. At the head of
Marshal Lu's army, he came to Shanghai in less then a month along'
the Tientsin-Pukow and Shanghai-Nanking Railways with little bloodshed.
General Chang is popular with his officer and men, and leads them per-
sonally at the front. He is reputed to be lacking in political ambition.
In January 1925, he was made Field Marshal and has established his head-
quarters at the towns of Hsuchowfu and Changchow in Kiangsu Province.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
251
Mr. Fan Yuar-lien
m jg zn ^ B? 4
Mr. Fan Yuan-lien was born Hsiangying Hsien, Hunan Provice. He
attended the Shih Hu School in his native province in 1899. After his
graduation he went to Japan for higher education. He attended the
Normal College at Tokyo, where he specialized in teaching. Upon the com-
pletion of his course, he attended the Law College and took a few short
courses in jurisprudence. Upon his return to China he attracted much
public attention from the Chinese educational authorities. He was invited
by the Board of Education to be Counsellor. Later he bjecame Vice-
President of the Tsing Hua College. In the first year of the Republic,
1912, he was appointed by President Yuan Shih-kai as secretary of the
President's Office. In April of the same year, he was Vice-Minister of
Education. Upon the resignation of Mr. Tsai Yuan-pei, as Minister of
Education, he succeeded him. In January of 1913 Mr. Fan resigned the
office of Minister of Education, and went to Shanghai to the Chung Hua
Book Publishing Company. In 1916, when the Cabinet with Marrshal Tuan
Chi-jui as Prime Minister was organized, Mr. Fan again joined the govern-
ment serrvice and was appointed Minister of Education. A few months
later he acted concurrently as Minister of the Interior. On account of
the monarchical movement in 1917, all the Ministers resigned, and he alone
remained for some time, because his Ministry had nothing to do with
252 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
politics. In November 1917, he also resigned. After his resignation, Mr.
Fan went to America to make educational investigations, and returned in
the spring of 1920. In August 1920, General Ch'in Yung-pang, upon
being made Prime Minister again, invited Mr. Fan to ba acting Minister of
Education. In October 1920, he was awarded the First Order of Tashou
Chiaho. In May 1921, Mr. Fan was appointed Minister of Education, in-
stead of acting Minister. This portfolio he held until December 1921.
In November 1922, Mr. Fan received the First Order of Tashou Paokuang
Chiaho. In February 1922, he was appointed president of the Teachers'
College, Peking.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
253
Mr. Fan Chiu-pah
:^ § ^ -ji ^ f &
(Fang Chi-fan)
Mr. Fan Chiu-pah, the popular vice-chairman of the Shanghai Chinese
Greneral Chamber of Commerce who is in charge of the affairs of the
chamber during the absence on sick leave of the chairman, Mr. Sung Hang-
chang, was born in 1884 at Tsenghai, Chekiang, of one of the best known
families. His grandfather, Mr. Fan Hsin-tsai, was one of the foremost
merchants in Shanghai in the early days of the Settlement, having made,
his fortune in tea and silk. His name appeared quite frequently in the
historical records of the "model settlement." Mr. Fan's father, Mr. Fan
Chi-ling, was a Master of Arts under the Manchu regime, being successful
in passing the second series of the literary examinations, but he died at
an early age. Assuming the heavy responsibilities of the chief of a big'
254 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
family, Mr. Fan managed the affairs of the hous ahold in an excellent
manner, devoting his energies and time t3 financial and banking activities
in Shanghai as well as in Ningpo. When the Manchu Dynasty abolished
the literary examinations and established s3hools for the education of young
men, Mr. Fan subscribed over one hundred thousand dollars toward the
organization of the Pei Yu School in Tsenghai. He was then 23 years old,
he was appointed principal. After three years' service in this school, he
became the principal of Chihai School in Ningpo, at the same time serving
as member of the Educational Council of the City Administrative Council,
and of the Advisory Board and as chairman of the Self-Government Society.
Not satisfied with the educational qualifications, Mr. Fan took a course in
law in the Cheng Chow Law School of Shanghai, from which institutioai iie
graduated in 1917. Mr. Fan was also promoter of the esl^ablishment of
the Ningpo Association, the Ningpo Guild, and Ningpo Hospital, of which
he is still serving as director. In 1918, he was appointed manager of
the Tung Lu Bank, Shanghai, serving alsD as chief of the Arbitration;
Board of the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce arid a director of the
chamber. In 1020, Mr. Fan was appointed a member of the board of
directors of the Shanghai Mint and of Shanghai Bankers' Association. In
the following year, he was made a director of the Ningpo-Shaoshing Steam
Navigation Co. Ltd., and of the Chinese Merchants' Stock Exchange. In
1922, he was elected vice-chairman of the Chinese Chamber and of the
Chinese Ratepayers' Association. It was in Ithis year that he organized
the Ta Yu Yu Oil Factory of which he is one of the directors. In 1923,
Mr. Fan assumed his office as manager of the Nantao branch of -the Com-
mercial Bank of China and director of the Hung An Steamship Company.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
255
Mr. Fei Ch'i-hao
Mr. Fei Ch'i-hao was born at Tung Hsien, the Metropolitan District, in
1879. He studied at the North China Union College, Tung Chow, and gra-
duated there in 1898. After graduation Mr. Fei became a teacher in the
Oberlin College, Tai-kuo Hsien, Shansi Province. Between 1899 and 1900
he was teacher of the Fen Chow Middle School, Shansi. Mr. Fei arrived
in America in September 1901, with private support to study. He
prepared for college at Oberlin Academy between 1902 and 1903. From
1903 to 1906 he studied Liberal Arts at the Oberlin College and graduated
from it in 1906 with the degree of B. A. Then he entered Yale University
and received the degree of M. A. from it in 1907, From 1907 to 1908
256 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Fei was principal of the Putung Middle School, Tientsin. From 1908
to 1911 he was president of the Chihli Provincial College, Paotingfu. In
1911 during the first Revolution which broke out in Wuchang, Mr. Fei was
appointed by the provisional government to be Councillor of the Minister
of Foreign Affairs. Later he became a political Councillor. In the
provisional government at Nanking he w;as a Deputy of the Minister of
Educatiion. In 1913 Mr. Fei became secretary of the Peking Y. M. C. A.
in charge of the department of the intellectual education, which position
he is still holding. Besides, he has been for many years and is still the
president of the College of Economy and Commerce, Peking.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
257
Dr. Feng Hsi-yun
J® gS il ^ it ^
Dr. Feng Hsi-yun was born in 1885 at Tientsin, where members of his
family have been prominent in wholesale trade and banking circles since
the declining years of the Ming DjTiasty. After graduating from the
well-known Tientsin Government Middle School and winning for himself
the Chu Jen degree, he entered Peiyang University at about the same
time that Ex-Premiers Wang Chung-hui and C. T. Wang were students
there. The records show him to have been faithful and diligent in every
duty. In 1907, having won a provincial scholarship which provided for
an advanced education in one or more of the leading American institu-
tions, he set sail for the United Staltes. Entering Harvard University, he
won the B. A. degree in three years, and two years later thte Doctor bf
Jurisprudence degree at Chicago University, in 1912. While in the United
States he travelled extensively. On Dr. Feng's return to China in 1912 he
was appointed prosecuting attorney in the Chihli Provincial Court and
was stationed temporarily at Paotingfu. The following year he became
258 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Associate Justice of t he Chihli Supreme Court, being allocated to the Civil
Bench. In 1914 he resigned from the Supreme Court to accept a Professor-
.ship of Law in Peiyang Universit|y. In this position he served for five
years, giving a course in comparative government, until he was invited to
take the Presidency of the University, '^'ince Dr. Feng assumed office
many improvements have been made in Peiyang. A large dormitory has
been constructed, a radio outfit has been installed, and many other material
equipments added. A Metallurgical Engineering Department, the only one
of its kind in China, has been opened. By his faithfulnesa to duty, his
sterling integrity, and his unfailing tact. Dr. Feng has continually growa
in the estimation of .both students and faculty. He is indeed one of the
best products of China's latter-day education, one of those returned students
who by their works have justified the national educational program of the
last twenty years.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
259
General Feng Yu-hsiang
jS 3E # ^ ^ 3^ .
General Feng Yu-hsiang was born at Ch'ao Hsien, Anhui province, in
1880. When he was 16 years old he joined the Peiyang Military School.
Before graduation, in 1898, he left the college and enrolled himself as a
private in the "Wu Wei Yu Chun." Subsequently he was appointed a
Commander of a company under the Ninth Division of the Nanyang troops.
While commanding, he attended the Chiang Yu Tang, or Lecture Hall for
training soldiers. Later he was recommended by his superior to be a
regular student of the Paoting Military Academy whence he was graduated.
Marshal Wang Shih-chen and the late General Yang Shan-te, both leaders
of the Peiyang Army, took great interest in General Feng and highly
recommended him to Marshal Tuan Chi-jui for appointment. But this was
frustrated by a commanding officer of the "I Chun" who was jealous of
260 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
him. In 1910 General Feng became commander of the Third Regiment,
10th Battalion, 5th Brigade, 3rd Division of the Imperial Army, having un-
der him 500 soldiers, with station at Fangsnan Hsien, Chihli. Subsequent-
ly his regiment was reorganized and became the Provost Guard Regiment
of the Metropolis. The number of persons under his command was then
increased to 2,000. In 1913, Yuan Shih-kai trained 10 new Mixed Brigades.
General Feng's regiment was taken in, reorganized an|d beqame the
16th Mixed Brigade, composed of two battalions of infantry and one reg-
iment of artilleryv In 1916 General Feng's Mixed Brigade was sent to
Anhui, by Yuan Shih-kai to deferid that province from the imp-ending
attack by the republican troops from the neighbering provinces which
had responded to General Tsao Ao's revolt against Yuan's monarchical
movement. But Yuan Shih-kai soon died and General Feng's troops were
left in Anhui. As a result of the Chang Hsun's monarehi'cal attempt, Li
Yuan-hung vacated the presidency and Tuan Chi-jui came into power again.
This happened in July 1917. In August 1917 General Tang Chi-yao de-
clared independence in Yunnan in open defiance of Tuan Chi-jui. Then came
Kuangtung, Kuangsi and southern Hunan, and General Feng was ordered
to proceed with his troops to Szechuan which was being threatened by
attacks from Yunnan. General Feng moved his troops !first to Wu-Yueh,
Hupei, on the Yangtze and then to Changte, Hunan. There he mad.? ac-
quaintance with General Wu Pei-fu who had been commanding the Sixth
Brigade of Marshal Tsao Kun's Third Division in Hunan.
After the Chihli-Fengtien struggle in the summer of 1920, in which
General Wu Pei-fu, the responsible head of the Chihli side, came out vic-
torious, and General Feng with his 16th Mixed Brigade played a very
important part for Chihli, the two generals bedame very close friends.
Subsequently General Feng's troops were, at the suggestion of General
Wu, transferred to Honan. In June 1920 he received the Second Class
Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In August 1921 the late General Yen Hsiang-
wen, then commander of the Second Division, was appointed Tuchun of
Shensi. At the recommendation of General Wu Pei-fu, General Feng was
appointed Co-Director for Military Affairs of Shensi and at the same time
his Mixed Brigade was reorganized to become (the 11th Division. Upon
the sudden and mysterious death of General Yen Hsiang-wen which oc-
curred in the same month — August 1921 — General Feng ,was appointed
Acting Tuchun of Shensi still commanding the 11th Division. While in
Shensi General Feng sought a compromise with and between the different
contending military leaders and finally brought that province back to peace
again. In the spring of 1922 the civil war between Chihli and Mukden
warlords broke out. General Wu Pei-fu transferred General Feng's troops
to participate in the fight and appointed him the Commander of the Rear
Defence Forces. His troops played a decisive part in this armed struggle
which resulted in the victory of Chihli. In May 1922, General Feng was
appointed Tuchun of Honan. In July he was made the "Yang Wu Chiang
Chun" a member of the College of Marshals. In October he was conferred
the second Order of Merit. On October 31, he was appointed Inspector
General of the National Army with headquarters in Peking. Upon receiv-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 261
ing this appointment General Feng transferred all his troops to Peking.
These troops which are estimated to be over 40,000 men strong, havQ been
stationed at Nan Yuan the Imperial Hunting Park to the south of Peking.
General Feng himself is also living there. In January 1923 General Feng
was made a 'Full General. In April 1923 he was awarded the First Class
Wenfu Decoration. In May 1923 he was appointed concurrently Director
General for the Defence of the Northweatern Provinces. In November
1923 he was made "Yang Wu Shan Chiang-chuA/' a Marshal. General
Feng is a Christian and so are most of his soldiers. He has been known
by foreigners as the "Christian General". He became a widower in 1923
and in February 1924 he married Miss Li a secretary of the Peking
Y. W. C. A. When the war broke out in September 1924, between
the Chihli and Anfu-Fengtien parties, it was generally known that!
Marshal Feng was opposed to the war at that time. His: argument
being that the country was in no condition to finance the war,
principally on account of the floods and famines oi 1923-1924. How-
ever, at a military conference held in Peking and participated in by
Marshal Feng, Marshals Wu Pei-fu, President Tsao Kun and other leaders
of the Chihli party. General Feng was finally won over and was assigned
to the job of defending the districts of Jehol, to the North ot Peking.
General Feng began the movement of his troops into this district and was
seriously handicapped by the lack of roads and lack of funds. Pjnallyon
October 23 1924,, he suddenly turned about and returned to Pek'ing witb
his army, taking complete possession of the city and making the President
a prisoner. His action in this regard which has never been completely
explained resulted in the defeat of Marshal Wu Pei-fu in the fiigMing in
the vicinity of the Great Wall and the con^piete demoralization of the
Chihli forces. At a .conference held in Tientsin between General Feng
and Marshal Chang Tso-lin, Marshal Tuan Chi-jui, was induced to accept
the Provisional Presidency. Late in 1924, General Feng was appointed
Defence Commissioner of the Northwest Territory wb/ch position he is still
holding, although it is frequently reported he desires to resign and go
abroad.
262
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
J. PInlcuet Fu
f« 3^ ^ f- a ^
(Fu Jui-haing)
Mr. J. Pinkuet Fu is a native of Chinhai, Ningpo, and is 28 years of age.
Like his distinguished father (Fu Siao En), J. Pinkuet Fu is also a banker and
till recently held the responsible position of chief compradoreship in the Asia
Banking Corporation of Shanghai. He was educated in Nanyang '"lolltge.
Shanghai, where he made excellent progress. Upon graduation lie assist-
ed his father in the various lines of business that his father was then
connected with, thereby gaining considerable experience. When he was
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 263
19 years of age he was manag/ing proprietor of the Chang Dah Yuan'
Hardware and Metals Company, which is one of the leading firms in its
line in Slianghai. He was one of the promoters of the Shanghai Metals
Association. His knowledge of the English language won for him the
Advisory Secretaryship to the Director-General for the reorganization
of Military Affairs in Chekiang. He has been decorated by the govern-
ment with the orders of Chiaho and Wenfu. Besides his other connect-
ions he is a director of the Inland Waterworks Co., Ltd., agent of the
American Bank Note Co., Shanghai, and secretary of the China Merch-
ants' Stean; Navigation Company.
^
264
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Fu Liang-tso
General Fu Liang-tso was born at Kan-cheng Hsien, Hunan province.
He graduated from the Japanese Military Officers' Academy in October
1904, having specialized in artillery. In 1912, the First Year of the Re-
public, General Fu was made a Lieutenant- General. In the previous years
he had served in the Peiyang Army under the late Yuan Shih-kai. After
Yuan Shih-kai became President of China, he appointed General Fu to be
Chief of the Military Affairs Bureau in the President's Office. He held
this position until November 1912 'when he was appointed Tutung (Milit-
ary & Civil) of the Charhar Special Area. In June 1913 General Fu was
transferred to Chihli and appointed acting Occupation Commissioner of
the Chi-yu District!. This posiition he held only for three months.
In May 1916 General Fu was appointed Vice-Minister of War. This
position he held for serveral years. The Chang Hsun's monarchical move-
ment broke out in 1917. General Fu played an important part in over-
throwing it for he was a close follower of Marshal Tuan Chi-iiui. Aftet
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 265
having overthrown the movement, Marshal Tuan Chi-jui became Premier
again. In July 1917 General Fu was appointed Tuchun of Hunan. How-
ever, owing to the opposition of the Tuchuns of other Yangtse provinces
he only remained there for a few months and returned to Peking in
November 1917. Owing to his being a close follower of Marshal Tuan
and a prominent figure of the Anfu Party, General Fu was consider-
ed by the opponent party to be one of the undesirables to be removed.
During the Anfu downfall, 1920, he was imprisoned by Civil Governor Tsao
of Chihli, a strong factor of the opponent party, while on a secret mis-
sion Sent by Marshal Tuan Chi-jui to Tientsin. General Fu was released
in May 1921 and has been residing in Tientsin ever since that time.
*^
266
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Fu Tseng -hsiang
«it m ?ffl '# -?i &L
Mr. Fu was born at Chiangan Hsien, fe'zechwan Province, in 1872.
He is popular among the Chinese literati. In 1898 he obtained through
public examinations the Literary Degree of Hanlin. In 1903 Mr. Fu was
appo'inted secretary to the late President Yuan Shih-kai, who was then
Viceroy of Chihli province. During his connection for two years with
the late President Yuan, he rendered much service to the promotion of
WHO'S WHO IN ACHIN 26"
modern educatiion. While acting as secretary, he also devoted part of his
time to the training of the new troops under the direction of his chieif".
In 1905 Mr. Fu was transferred to the Office of General Liu. the-
Provincial Commander-in-chief of Kiang Pei. He assisted General Liu'
in training his militia. Upon the completion of ihis work as General Liu's
associate, he returned to Chihli and was soon appointed Associate Director
of the Committee on Educational Affairs of Chihli. In 1906 Mr. Fu was
appointed Superintendent of the Education of Women in Tientsin. The ap-
•pointment was made at a time when people in the North paid no atten-
tion to women's education. Under his direction, the Peiyang Normal
School for Women was established;. In addition to this, he founded
one high school and nine primary sshools for girls. In 1908 Mr.
Fu received his imperial appointment as Commissioner of Educatiofl
of Chihli province. During the summer of the same year, it was-
he who called an educational conference of Chihli for the consider-
ation of educational questions. As a means to encourage modern educa-
tion, he made personal investigations of educational affairs in the districts
of Paoting, Shunteh, Taming, Kwangping, Hsuanhua and Hochien. Upon
completion of his tour Mr. Fu divided Chihli province into four educa-
tional districts and established one normal school for training of teachers
in each of these districts. These four normal Schools were located at
Tientsin, Paoting, Launchow and, Shunteh. They were established in 1910.
Mr. Fu successfully carried out his educational program, but in 1911
the first revolution broke out at Wuchang, and he went to Shanghai to
assist in the movement. In 1914 he became a censor of the Censorate.
During his tenure of office, he devised many important schemes for the
benefit' of railway administration for the whole country, in March
1916 he was relieved of office upon the abolishment of the Censorate.
In December 1917, Mr. Fu was specially appointed Minister of Ed-
ucation. Soon afterwards he was appointed superintendent of the Chinese
students in Japan and ordered to revise the regulations governing Chinese
students studying abroad. During the summer and autumn of 1918, Mr.
Fu called a .national conference of the presidents of the normal schools,
a national conference of the principals of middle schools and a national
conference of the principals of the technical schools in order to ascertain
the progress of modern education and prepare plans for educational re-
form. Mr. Fu has made a number of plans for the spread of popular
education, and these plans will be carried out as soon as China becomes
united and funds can be secured for the purpose. He resigned in April
1919 in consequence of the students' movement against the pro-Japanese
government he subsequently became an advisor to President Hsu Shih-
chang. In May 1922 Mr. Fu was appointed Director of the Government
Financial Liquidation Office. In February 1923 he was awarded the second
Order of Tashou Paokuang.
268
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Fu Siao-en
(Fu Tsung-yao)
Mr. Fu Siao-en was born at Chinghai Hsien, Ningpo, Chekiang, in
1871. He is one of the most prominent Chinese merchants in Shanghai.
Begimning at the bottom Mr. Fu has worked his way to the very top,
meeting and overcoming numerous obstacles, and today is considered one of
the richest men in the country. From 1920 to 1923 Mr. Fu held the
following positions: Shanghai Superintendent of the Bank of China, since
May 1920; managing director of the China Merchants Steam Navigation
Co.; High Advisor to the Ministry of Finance; and Shanghai Commissioner
for the Investigation of Wine and Tobacco Taxes. In the spring of
1922 Mr. Fu was offered the portfolio of Finance but he did not
accept it being reluctant to enter into purely political life. In Nov-
ember 1922 Minister of Communications, Kao En-hung charged Mr.
Fu with conspiracy and treason in connection with the China Mer-
chants Steam Navigation Company. A mandate was issued depriving
Mr. Fu of the post of Superintendent of the Bank of China a(nd ordering
his arrest and punishment. But the charges brought by Kao En-hung
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA ^ 269
were finally found to be without grounds. President Li Yuan-hung, who
had issued the above-mentioned mandate at the suggestion of Kao En-
hung, issued another mandate in February 1923 following the downfall of
Kao En-hung cancelling the former one and Mr. Fu recovered his original
standing again. Mr. Fu holds the following positions: — director and general
manager of the Commercial Bank of China, Ltd; director and member of the
Arbitration Committee of the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce, Shang-
hai; director of the Ningpo Commercial Bank, Ltd; director of the Chung
Hua Commercial & Savings Bank, Ltd; managing director and manager of
properties of the China Merchants' Steam Navigation Co. Ltd; general
manager of the Inland Steam Launch Co; manager of the C. M. Inland
Engine Works; director of the Han Yeh Ping Iron & Coal Co., Ltd; chair-
man of the association of shareholders of the Hari Yen Ping Iron & Coal
Co; director of the Shanghai Native Waterworks Co; director of the
Lungchang Paper Mills; director of the Wah Shing Fire & Marine Insur-
ance Co. Ltd; director of the Tai Lai Flour Mills; director of the Credit.
Franco-Chinois; director of the Nicholas Tsu Engineering Works; and
director of the Sino-French Navigation Co., etc. In public life also,
Mr. Fu is extremely active. He is a generous giver and' not an appeal
reaches him without meeting with a satisfactory response. The many
public activities with which he is identified are: The Chinese-Foreign
Famine Relief Committee (of which Mr. Fu is treasurer) and the Ningpo
Association (of which he is vice-chairman) etc., claim not a little of the
time of this busy man. Mr. Fu has been awarded the following decorations:
4th Class Paokuang Chiaho, February 1919; 2nd Class Chiaho, March 1919;
2nd Class Tashou Chiaho, September 1919; 5th Class Wenfu, May 1921;
2nd Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho, June 1921 ; 3rd Class Wenfu, May 1923.
270
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Professor Fung Yu-Lan, Ph. D.
^ & B8
Dr. Fung Yu-lan was born thirty years ago in Honan Province and with
the increasing years he has show'n a 'growing ,zeal for the advancement o^
the people of his native province and of all China. Philosophy is his chosen
field. He does not think of philosophy as a mere abstraction with no real
relation to life and history but rather holds with a great scholar that
"History is only Philosophy teaching by example." The new Chung Chow
University at Kaifeng, Honan, with its pesent teaching staff of sixty faculty
members, can not boast of a more prominent acquisition than that of its
new Professor of Philosophy, Fung Yu-lan, Ph. D., who is doing a greiat
work in helping to build up for interior China a great modern school. He
first studied philosophy ,in the National University of Peking where he
graduated in 1918. He then went to Columbia University, New York City,
where after years of research he fulfilled the requirements for the degree
of Doctor of Philosophy in 1923. His dissertation entitled, "A Comparative
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 271
study of Life Ideals," was highly commended by Professor John Dewey. It
is now in press and will be published in a few weelcs by the Cominiercial
Press. As it is an interesting and rather complete comparison of leading
Chinese systems of philosophy with those of leading western philosophies
it is safe to predict that the book will have a large sale in China and
abroad, for it will be published in English. Dr. Fung is alSo autjhor of
"Life's Ideals" recently published in Chinese by the Commercial Press. He
is contributing editor of the International Journal of Ethics, Chicago; the
Journal of Philosophy, New York; and other literary and academic maga-
zines in China. He is the editor of the Mind's Echo, a bi-weekly paper
published in Kaifeng. In addition to his important chair in Chung Chow
University, Dr. Fung is Dean of the Department of Liberal Arts.
^
272
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Ha Han-chang
General Ha Han-chang was born in Hupei. He is a graduate of the
Japanese Military Officers' Academy where he was sent by the Chinese
government in October 1920. In 1907 General Ha was assistant director
of the Military Council of the Board of War. In September 1909 he was
appointed a Director-in-chief of the General Staff. In April 1912 General
Han was appointed Military Advisor to the President. In July 1922 he
was made a Chiangchun or a Member of the College of Marshals with
the two-word special title "Lien-wei." In December 1922 he was award-
ed the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In January 1923 General
Ha was appointed a member of the Discussion of Matters regarding the
Mongolian Territory. General Ha is a close friend of former President Li
Yuan-hung. He was known as one of the strong and influential advisors
of President Li when the latter was? in Office.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
273
Mr. Nang Han
W S '?*- ii' ^
(Han An)
Mr. Han was born at Chao Hsien, Anhui province in 1885. Mr. Han
studied at the University of Nanking from 1896 t,o 190S. He graduated
with a degree of B. A. On account of his high scholarship, he was en-
gaged as a teacher of the same University upon his graduation. He taught
here for two years. In August of 1907, Mr. Han arrived in America to
pursue his higher education, supported by the government. From 1907
to 1909 he studied liberal arts at Cornell University. With this prepara-
tion Mr. Han attended the University of Michigan and studied forestry in
1909, where he stayed for three years. From 1911 to 1912 he studied
agriculture at the University of Wisconsin. From these institutions of
274 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
higher learning, Mr. Han received the degrees B. A. in 1909 and M. Sc.
F. in 1911. In August of 1912, Nang Han returned to China. He was soon
afterwards invited to join the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, and
later promoted to be Sen'ior Secretary'. Now and then he was sent out
for investigation. Onnce he was ' director of the Bureau of Forestry in
Kirin. From 1915 he was assistant director of the Bureau of Forestry in
the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. Editor-in-chief of the "Agricul-
ture and Forestry Revie\v." In 1919 he was transferred to the Peking-
Hankow railway for planting trees along the line and for some special distri^cts
for timber supply and for the prevention of floods. In forty years he believes
that all the timber needed by the Peking-Hankow railway can be supplied
by the forest reserves to be created soon under his direction.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
275
Dr. N. L. Han
m ^ m
Han Yu-lin
Dr. Han was born in Soochow, Kiangsu, and is 43 years old. He is
the founder and general manager of the national transport company, which
operates on the Shanghai-Nanking Railway, the Shanghai-Hangchow-Ningpo
Railway, the Tientsin-Pukow Railway and the Lunghai Railway, with branch
offices at the major stations of eaoh line and accepts freig'ht and parcels
for transfer to any part of the world. He went to the United States in 1904
in connection with the Chinese exhibit at the Exposition held at St. Louis,
k
276 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
and while there took special courses at the Jones Commercial College, at
the same time studying American express transportation systems. Upon
returning to China ha founded the China Express Company of Shanghai
which was the first express company started in China and which still exists.
The Chinese public has accepted the express system introduced by Mr. Han
who was also the first Chinese to organize the express parcels delivery
system in China. As Transportation Officer of the Republican forces he
played an important role during the first Revolution of 1911 and for
meritorious services rendered was awarded a "Chiao Ho" decoration by
the Chinese government. As a public ;spirited citizen he is interested in
various religious and social lactivities, is a director of St. Luke's Hospital.
National Committee, Y. M. C. A.'s of China, the Shanghai Y. M. C. A.
Chants Academy, and a member of commercial and guild organizations and
several important clubs of Shanghai.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
277
Mr. Ho Chieh
Mr. Ho Chieh was born at Canton, is 1888. He Studied in the Canton
Christian College, 1903-6; in the Tangshan Railway and Engineering Col-
lege 1906-9 ; went to America in October 1909, after becoming a successful
candidate for a government scholarship; studied mining and metallurgy
at the Colorado School of Mines, 1910-13; and graduated in 1913 with the
degree of E. M. (Engineer of Mines). He took up post-graduate work on
Coal and Iron at Lehigh University, 1913-14, and received the degree of
M. S. (Master of Science) in 1914, Mr. Ho returned to China in August
1914. He was Professor of Mining and Metallurgy, the National Univers-
278 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
ity of Peking, 1914-19, Dean of the Department of Engineering, 1919-23,
concurrently Dean of the Department of Geology, 1919-24. He also held
other concurrent posts, besides those of the National University of Peking,
as assistant engineer, Chou Siang Railway, 1917, and professor of mathe-
matics, University of Communications of Peking, 1923-24. His present
position is Dean annd Professor of Mining, Pei-Yang University. Mr. Ho
is Member of the American Institute of Mining & Met. Engineers, 1913; of
the Association of Chinese & American Engineers, 1920; and of the Geolo-
gical Society of China, 1922, also elected Councillor of t{he Society in
1924. He was conferred the Fourth Class Chiaho Decoration, 1923.
Mr. Ho is the author of the following sets of notes all of which
have been published by the National University Press of Peking: Ore
Analysis, Analysis of Iron and Steel, Technical Gas Analysis, Fire Assaying,
Metallurgy of Iron and Steel, and Mine Sampling and Valuation; also
a Popular Gem Stone in North China, printed by the Geologic'al Sopi'aty
of China. He has also published a number of magazine articles in Chinese
on "Gems and Precious Stones."
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
279
Mr. G. Zay Wood
M « ^^ K «
(Ho Chieh-ts'ai)
Mr. G. Zay Wood, popularly known in Peking as "General Wood," was
born at Tsa-Bridge, Shanghai, August 27, 1895. He received his prelim-
inary education in the Sung-kiang Middle School and the Nanyang Middle
School. After his graduation from Nanyang in 1913, he went to Tsinghua
College, where he remained but two years before he was sent by the
government to the United States for advanced (education. In 1915 he en-
tered Yale as a Junior. He was awarded the "Charles Washburn Clark
2^0
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Prize," during his senior year for his essay on "The Diplomatic and
Consular Service of the United States as Compared with that of the Eur-
opean Countries." In 1917, after his graduation from Yale, he entered
Harvard to take his post-graduate work. Political science was the subject
of his special study. He took his Master Degree in one year. In 1918,
he studied international law at Columbia University. He was appointed by
the University in the following year "Curtis Fellow in International Law"
and was reappointed in 1920. During his student days, he served as the'
editor-in-chief of the Chinese Students' Monthly and of the Far Eastern
Republic He was twice elected president of the Chinese Political Science
Association. Besides, he was a frequent contributor to the American news-
papers and magazines. In 1921, he was asked by Dr. Sao-ke Alfred Sze,
the Chinese Minister at Washington, to be temporarily attached to the
Chinese Legation there. Later he joined the Chinese delegation to the
Washington Conference. He served as an assistant in the Press Bureau
attached to the Chinese delegation. In 1922 he returned to China. Upon
his arrival in Peking, he was invited to take charge of the Peking Daily
News as its chief editor. In the meantime, he was appointed secretary to
the Commission on National Financial Conference. In 1923, at the end of
January, he 'left the Peking Daily News to join the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs as its secretary..' In June of the same year, he waS appointed
Secretary to the Cabinet. Mr. Wood is the author of many books, the best
known of which include. The Anglo-Japanese Alliance, The Twenty-One
Demands, The Chino-Japanese Treaties, The Shantung Question, A
Study in Diplomacy and World Politics. He is also the author of China
and Japan, a booklet of about 100 pages privately printed for distribution.
Mr. Wood is now the editor and publisher of the Evening World of Peking,
which is said to be the "only foreign language evening pA'per in China
that is, published every day in the year."
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
281
General Ho Feng-Iin
General Ho Feng-lin, was born at Pingyin, Shantung, in 1873. After
studying in the lower schools of his native province, General Ho deter-
mined to enter military service. Like many other .'notable civil and mili-
tary officials of the nation of China, he received his education at Peiyang
College. His aptitude won recognition and following his graduation he
was placed as a military tutor under the late Yuan Shih-k'ai during the
time the latter was training his modern forces at Siaotsan, Chihli. In the
first year of the Republic, General Ho was appointed a Brigade Commander
and received honorable mention in military dispatches for his services dur-
ing the battles of Wuchang and Nanking. He accompanied General Yang
Shan-teh, late Tuchun of Chekiang province, on his expedition to the South
in the second year of the Republic and served with him as commandant of
forces at Sunkiang. For his ability and deportment a.^ an officer, he was
282 WHO^S WHO IN CHINA
later promoted to the position of M^ilitary Coramissioiner of Ningpo and
Taichow, Chekiang. General Ho was made acting Defense Commissioner of
Shanghai and Sunkiang when General Lu Yung-hsiang was promoted to the
Tuchunship of Chekiang province, and his successful discharge of the duties
assigned won for him the permanent occupancy of the position, the con-
firmation of which came late in 1920. The life of General Ho has been one
of service, he having been mentioned a number of times in military orders
and dispatches for his loyalty and heroic conduct. His troops are widely
known for the excellence of their discipline. His handling of the position
which he occupied during his tenure of office as acting Defense Commis-
senior in a number of trying incidents in the districts of Shanghai and
Sunkiang won for him the friendship and praise of foreigners and Chinese
aliike. In January 19201, General Ho received the First Order of Tashou;
in September 1920, the second Order of Tashou Paokuang ; in October 1920,
the First Order of Tashou Paokuang; in May 1921, the Third Order of Merit;
in January 1922, the brevet rank of Full General; and in October 1923,
Second Order of Merit. Following the defeat of Marshal Lu Yung-hsiang
of Chekiang province in the war which began between Chekiang and
Kiangsu provinces in September 1924, General Ho was forced to relinquish
his position of Defense Commissioner of Shanghai and go to Japan.. How-
ever, when the Anfu-Fengtien party was successful at the conclusion of
this war, General Ho returned to Shanghai, where he is now residing.
^
WHO S WHO IN CHINA
283
Mr. J. C. Ho
(Ho Jui-chang)
Mr. Ho was born at Nanling Hsien, Anhui, in 1889. He graduated from
the Kiangnan High School in Nanking. In 1910 Mr. Ho received the degree
of M. A. when he successfully passed the literary examinations held by
the Board of Education. Subsequently he was given the rank of an ex-
pectant secretary. In June 1910, he reported at the Board of Education
284 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
for duty. Later he was detailed to the Board of Justice for servlice. In
Septerabei' 1911, he was appointed by the Board of Communications to be
English translator of the Directorate-General of Railways, and to be
concurrently a member of the accounts department. In July 1912, he was
transferred back to the Board of Communications and was assigned to the
Traffic Department for service. In September he was given the official
rank of Junior Secretary. In August 1913 he was appointed Acting
Secretary of the Ministry. Three months later, he was awarded the sixth
Class Chia Ho Decoration. In- February 1914 he was recommended for the
appointment as Secretary. Subsequently he resigned this position and was
appointed Secretary of the Railway Bureau. In July he received the Fifth
Class Chia Ho Decoration awarded for his meritorious service. Later he
was promoted to be Senior Secetary, and was given additional office as a
member of the transportation section of the Traffic Department,. Mr. Ho
assisted in the compilation of a dictionary containing translations of
foreign railway terms, for i which he was specially awarded an honorary
Medal by the Ministry of Communicationa, In July 1917, he was appointed
Associate Director of the Chu-ching and Chow-hsing Railways. In August,
Mr. Ho was transferred to the Peking-Suiyuan Railway and given the same
position as Assistant Director. At the same time he acted as Chief of the
General Affairs Department. In September, he was elected Chairman of
the Society for the Study of Communications. In October he was awarded
the Third Class Chia Ho Decoration. In November he was concurrently
appointed a member of 'the Commission for the codification of railway
legislation. He was awarded about the same time a Third Class Wen Hu
Decoration for service rendered in connection with the suppression of
"tufeis." In November 1918, he was appointed Secretary of the Pres-
ident's Office. In the same month he was again transferred back to the
Ministry of Communications for service, upon his resignation from the
office of Assistant Director of the Peking-Suiyuan Railway. In January'
1920, Mr. Ho was appointed chief of the General Affairs department to the
office of the High General Industrial Commission. During the period from
August to December 1920, he received several important appointments in
the Ministry of Communications. In January 1921, Mr. Ho received the
Third Order of Paokuang Chiaho, and in February 1922 the Second Order
of Tashou Chiaho, In March 1922, he was appointed acting councillor of
the Ministry of Communications. Mr. Ho retired from political life in
September 1922, subsequent to the downfall of the Chiaotung clique, of
which Liang Shih-i and Yeh Kung-cho were the leaders.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
285
■*?s-^ -^.s^s
Mr. Ho P'ei-jung
fsj « J^ ^m H
286 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr, Ho P'ei-jung was born at Chieh-shih Hsien, Hupeh, in 1880. Mr.
Ho attended the Military College in Japan after his graduation from a
militarj- school at home, and specialised in infantry. In 1907 he graduated
from the Military College and returned to China in the summer of the
same year. Upon his arrival in Peking, Mr. Ho reported to the Ministry
of War for appointment. He was detained for service in the Ministry.
Later he was transferred to the Second Division of the Peiyang Army and
was subsequently appointed to command a regiment. Gradually he worked
his way up. In two years he was promoted to be Chief of the Second
Division. In September of 1913 he was given the rank of Major-General.
In 1915 General Wang Chan-yuan, Command'er-in-Chief of the Second Divi-
sion, was appointed military governor of Hupeh. and General Ho accompanied
his chief. In his first year in Hupeh, he continued to function as
Chief of the Political Affairs Department of Hupeh province. In
1917 General Ho was appointed Civil Governor of Hupeh by the Central
government. This position he held until August 1290. In October of the
same year he was appointed Director of the Government Mining Bureau of
the Province- of Hupeh.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
287
Sir Robert Hotung
(Ho Tung)
Sir Robert Hotung, rightly called Sir Robert, because of knightood
conferred upon him by King George V. and his many decorations from the
Chinese government, stands out among the prominent men of China, those
of the past, present and the future. Born in Hongkong, December 22,
1862 he is the eldst member of a larg^e family. He received most of
his early education in Chinese schools, obtaining his training under free
tuition, owing to the remarkable progress made and the ambition he show-
ed for higher knowledge. He spent four years in the Hongkong Central
School (now Queen's College) learning English, graduating with highest
honors In his class. Following this he started his business career, holding
a post on the indoor staff of the Maritime Customs, remaining' in this
288 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
position from 1878 to 1880. Later he resigned from this position and
accepted the position of junior assistant to the compradore of Messrs.
Jardine, Matheson and Company, Ltd. While his remuneration was small
his bonus at the end of the year compensated him enough to remain there,
thus gaining valuable experienca. Later he accepted the position of the
Chinese agency of the Hongkong Fire and Canton Insurance Companies,
and acted as chief compradore for this firm for the next six ye3,ra. Later
owing to ill health he relinquished this position in favor of his brother,
Ho Fook. Since that time, 'Sir Robert has won his way to the highest pin-
nacles of financial and business success in the Colony which gave him birth,
and to-day he is a very rich man, so great indeed is his wealth that he
can with truth be described as one of the great pillars of Hongkong's
financial strength. His advice is frequently sought by the leading interests
of the colony, and he has come to be recognized as one of the shrewdest
business men Hongkong has ever known. He is a very large shareholder
in the Hongkong and ' Shanghai Banking Corporation, the Hongkong and
Whampoa Dock Company and other big concerns, while evidence of the
value attached to his commercial insight is to be found in the fact that he
is director of s everal prominent companies, including the Hongkong and
Whampoa Dock Company, the Hongkong Electric Company, the Hongkong
Tramway Company, the Hongkong Land Investment Company, the Hongkong
Reclamation Company, the Hongkong Canton and Macao Steamboat Company,
the Indo-China Steam Navigation Company, the Hongkong Fire Insurance
Company, the Canton Insurance Office, and the Kam Hing Knitting Company.
Although Sir Robert's health has not permitted him to take as pro-
m'inent a part as he would wish in public life and business activity, he is
still to be found every day at his private office! in the Hongkong and
Shanghai Bank Building, where he is always being consulted on matters
of business policy and high finance. His own interests, too, as a very large
property owner, naturally occupy much of his time. Besides this Sir Robert
is often consulted regarding financial and industrial affairs of China by
Chinese high officials and statesmen. He has also large personal interests
of an industrial character in North China and Manchuria, this fact demon-
strating the wide influence which he wields. Sir Robert's interests in
public affairs have been many and varied. He is one of the largest bene-
factors of the Hongkong University's Endowment Fund, his gifts to this
institution totaling no less a sum than $270,000. He presented to the
Colony the Kowloon British School, the first civil school for European
children in Hongkong, founded a scholarship that bears his name at Queen's
College, and in many other directions has aided the cause of learning. Sir
Robert was Justice of Peace for Hongkong and the honor of kinghthood
was conferred upon him by King George in 1915. Many high decorations
have been conferred upon him also by the Chinese government, from the
late President Yuan Shih-kai on down to Presidents Li Yuan-hung, was
conferred upon him the First-class Chia Ho with Grand Sash'. As a man
of knowledge Sir Robert has traded extensively in Europe and America as
well as in Asiatic countries. His policy of life consists of strarght-for-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 289
wardness and cautiousness, and he attributes his success in life to honesty,
foresight, carefulness, courtesy and perseverance. He is a keen believer
in reform and abandonment of bad customs in China, as is shown by his
public and private actions. Sir Robert has in late years interested himself
in a solution of China's present political troubles and conferred with
political leaders trying to bring about a peace conference on the part
of the various contending elements.
^
HPVSNNmPWHBP
290
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. C. T. Hsia
X ^ ^'^^'^
(Hsia Ch'ang-chih)
Mr. C. T. Hsia was born at Tsingpu Hsien, Kiangsu Province, in 1890.
In the summer of 1909, he graduated from the Kiangsu Provincial College,
He was- specially given the degree of Chu Jeii, or M. A., by the govern-
ment. Subsequently he was appointed a junior secretary of the Cabinet.
After having served in the Cabinet for some time, Mr. Hsia joined the Govern-
ment University of Peking, with the object of furthering his education in
practical science, and studied civil engineering for three years. While he
was studying in the University, he held the position of junior member of
the railway department of the Ministry of Communications. In March
1913, graduated from the University at the head of the class, and was'
given the degree of C. E. One month later he was appointed acting
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 291
technical expert of the Ministry of Communications. In 'December of the
same year, this position was substantiated for him. Mr. Hsia held it
until September 1916 when he was promoted to acting inspector. In less
than a month's time, the new position was substantiated: by a Presidential
Mandate. The successive positions Mr. Hsia held in the Ministry of Com-
munications before August 1914 were: deputy for the prospecting of lines;
member of the 'electrical department, the engineering department,
mechanical department; chief of construction section of the drawing
office; and associate member of the Railway Terhiinology Commission. In
August 1914 he was appointed assistant chief of the engineering section
of the railway department. In December of the same year, he was sent
as special delegate of the Ministry of Communications, to attend the
Panamia-Pacific International Exposition, and was one of the vice-chairman
of the Jury of Awards. In the capacity of the delegate of the Ministry Mr.
Hsia attended the International Engineering Congress, International Ed-
ucational Congress, ■ International Irrigation Congress, the Convention of
the American Railway Engineering Association, the Convention of the
American Mechanical Engineering Association, and the Convention of the
Society of Testing Materials. While in America Mr. Hsia also visited the
Eastern States to study highway administration, electrical works,
municipal administration, and industrial activitfies. He returned to China
in February, 1916. Three months after his return, he was again sent to
the United States to study railway engineering. Upon his second return
to China in August 1916, he was made the chief of the section of efficiency
of works of the railway department. In November, he was appointed a
member of the Communication Conference. In January 1917, he was ap-
pointed a member of the Commission for the P^xamination of the Railway
Cadets. In April 1917, he was appointed the chief of thei Canton-Samshui
Railway Administration. In September 1917, he was made one of the
members of the Commission for the Study of Communications, two months
later, a member of the Commission for Drafting of Railway Laws, and in
December, became a member of the Commission of the Study of Railway
Technics. In April 1918, Mr. Hsia was transferred to Hankow as the res-
ident chief of the Hankow office of the Peking-Hankow railway. In May
he was made a member of the Railw,ay Transportation Commission. In
August 1918, he was appointed by the Tuchun of Hupeh as its councillor.
In March 1920, he was relieved from the position of inspector of the Ministry
of Communications. In April 1920, Mr. Hsia received the appointment
of councillorship from the office of the High Industrial Commissioner; In
November 1920, Mr. Hsia was appointed chief of the Hankow land develop-
ment department of the Peking-Hankow railway. In February 1921, he
received the Third order of Chiaho. In November 1922 he was appointed
a special member of the commission for the study o5f international com-
munications in connection with China's participation in the Washington
Conference. In 1923 he became a 'section chief in the Ministry of Com-
munications.
292
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Hsia Ch'in-hsi,
Mr. Hsia Ch'in-hsi was born at Tientsin, Chihli. fle is a graduabe
of the Tinetsin Commercial School and the Chihli Law School, and a prac-
ticing barrister-at-law before the Tientsin Higher and Local Courts. His
combined commercial and law training make him especially fitted to handle
the complicated business of a large Chinese Chamber of Commerce. In
1914 he was the delegate of the Chinese Chambers to the InternationaJ
Conference of Chambers of Commerce held in Japan. At that time he
received a silver medal from the Japanese government. On his return he
became Secretary of the Tientsin Chamber, which position he has held
ever since, through several administrations. He was active in relief work
at the time of the Tientsin flood, and in recognition of his 'services was
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 293
offered the Seventh Class Chiaho decoration by President Li Yuan-hung.
He refused this and later was offered the Sixth Class, Which honor he also
declined to accept, saying that he felt it undemocratic to accept decora-
tions. He was active in the organization of t)he People's Union shortly
after the out break of the students against traitorous officials in Peking
in May 1919 and became its Second Secretary, as well as acting chairtpian
of the executive committee. Mr. Hsia Chin-hsi has been called the "Brains
of the Patriotic Movement in Tientsin." His importance to the movement
was not overlooked by the ^authorities determined to stamp out the boycott;
as he was among the first group of leaders to be seized and placed in
solitary confinement upon the ractionary ascendency in January, 1920. Mr.
Hsia is a worthy representative of the more substantial element among the
patriots. As the capable secretary of the Tientsin Chinese General Chamber
of Commerce into whose hands practically all the affairs of the Chamber
were entrusted by his chief, Pien Yueh-ting, president of the chamber,
Mr. Hsia wielded immense influence in the merchant community. It was
largely through his efforts that the merchants of Tientsin and North China
joined whole-heartedly in the patriotic labors of the students
^
294
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Hsia Ching-kuan
K m m
Mr. Hsia Ching-kuan is a ^native of Kiangsu and was a provincial
graduate in the Ching Dynasty. He is a scholar whose literary attainments
and writings have for a long time been admired by the Chinese.. After
many years of active service in his native province, Mr*. Hsila came to
Shanghai and was made director of Fulitan college (now Fuhtan University)
and the China National Institute. In these positions he made it poissible for
many young people to receive an education to fit them for life work.
When the Republic was established, Mr. Hsia became an editor with
the Commercial Press, which post he held for a number of years. In
December 1919, Mr. Hsia was appointed Commissioner of Education for
the province of Chekiang. In February 1921, he was awarded the Third
Class Chiaho. In 1922, Mr. Hsia was relieved from the post of Commis-
sioner of Education of Chekiang, and in September was appointed prin-
cipal librarian of the Metropolitan Library, Peking. In the spring of 1923,
Mr. Hsia returned to Chekiang again where he was appointed by Genesral
Lu Yung-hsiang to be director of the Cigarette Tax Bureau.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
295
Dr. Hsia Ching-lin
a w M ^ ^^
Dr. Hsia Ching-lin was born at Ningpo, Chekiang province, in 1894.
He was brought up at Tientsin where his father had baen a merchant for
many years. Dr. Hsia received his elementary education from the Tientsin
Kiangsu Primary School from 1906 to 1910 and a middle school education
at Tientsin Anglo-Chinese College from 1910 to 1914. In 1914 Dr. Hsia
went to England as a private student. He studied at Mill Hill School,
London, until 1916 when he was admitted to the University of Glasgow
where he was graduated in 1919 with the degree of Bachelor of Science.
From Glasgow Dr. Hsia went to the University of Edinburgh where he
296 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
obtained the degree of Master of Arts in 1920 and that of Doctor of Philo-
sophy in the Faculty of Law in 1922, the subject of his dissertation bein'g
'Treaty Relations between China and Great Britain.", He was the prize
student in International Law in that University in 1917-20. Dr. Hsia
returned to China in 1922 and was at once appointed secretary and treas-
urer to the Chinese Weihaiwei Retrocession Commission. This position he
held until the summer of 1923 when he left Peking for Shanghai. Begin-
ning from the fall of 1923, Dr. Hsia took up educational work. At present
he is connected with the Southern University as Dean of the Arts Faculty,
and with the Shanghai Collegie of Commerce of the National Southeast^ern
University, the Shanghai College of Law and Politics and the University
of Shanghai, as Professor of International Law, Diplomatic History, and
English Literature. Dr. Hsia's address is F. B. 216 Avenue Haig, Shang-
hai.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
297
Mr. H»ia Yi-Ting
(Hsia I-t'ing)
Mr. Hsia I-t'ing was born at Kiangying Hsien, Kiangsu Province in
1878. Beginning his diplomatic career as a student interpreter of the
Chinese Legation in Berlin, Mr. Hsia now Chinese Minister to Brazil, filled
successfully the offices of Attache to the legation in Spain and of Secretary
to the legation in Paris. At one time he was Charge d'Affaires of the
legation inn Spain. Next he became Consul-General in Yokohama, Japan.
Later he was Councillor of the Special Diplomatic Mission sent to Belgium
and France. In 1914 Mr. Hsia was made Secretary to the Cabinet and
29^ WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
afterwards of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1915, when Lu Cheng-
hsiang was recalled from Switzerland where he was recuperating his health
to become Minister of Foreign Affairs to handle the delicate negotiations
over the Twenty-One Demands presented by the Japanese government, Mr.
Hsia was appointed Councillor of the Ministry, After the failure of Yuan Shih-
kai's monarchical scheme, he created the Politics Studying Commission to
devise means and ways for the improvement of internal politics. Mr. Hsia was
elected Chief Secretary of the Commission, of which many prominent fore-
ign advisers like Dr. Morrison, Dr. Willoughby and Dr. Agria, were
members'. In ApTil 1916, Mr. Hsia was appointed acting Vice-minister of
Foreign Affairs. In October he was 'ordered to officiate as Minister, just
before the assumption of this important office by Dr. Wu Ting-fang. In
December 1916, he resigned from ,this post and later accepted the advisor-
ship to the President's Office and also to the Cabinet, besides serving as a.
member of the War Commission. In October 1917, Mr. Hsia was appointed
Minister to Brazil and Peru. These posts he is still holding. In January
1920 he was awarded the 'Second Order of Wenfu. In March 1921 he re
presented China at the Centenary of the Republic of Peru, and a year later
at the Centenary of the Independence of Brazil. In October 1922, he
received the First Order of Tashou Chiaho.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
299
Mr. Hsiang Hsiang
Jg H -#: ^ M
(Witson H. Shan)
Mr. Shan was born at Jui-an Hsien, Chekiang province, in 1880. He
was a Hsiu Ts'ai or Licentiate through competitive examinations in the
Ching Dynasty. Having become a Licentiate, Mr. Shan was given an ap-
pointment by the Hsueh Pu, then Board of Education, as an assistant com-
piler in the Translation and Compilation Office. After a few year's work
in that office, he was sent to America where he stmdied Political Econ-
omy at Columbia University. He graduated from that University with the
degree of M. A. Upon his return to China, Mr. Shan attended the Im-
perial Examination for returned students and obtained the degree of Han
Lin or Ph. D. Subsequently he was appointed a member of the Councillors'
Hall of the Board of Communications. Many a time Mr. Shan was assistant
examiner or examiner of the Imperial Examination either for returned
students, or for judicial officials or for high civil officials. Subsequent to
300 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
the establishment of the Republic, Mr. Shan Joined the Ministry of Finance
and from the very beginning he was a Councillor of the Ministry. During
the following years Mr. Shan held many important positions among whidi
were: Acting Superintendent of the Bank of China; Member of the Com-
mission to Discuss Internal Affairs; Member of the Currency Reform
Commission; Executive Member of the Financial Discussion Commission;
Member of the Commission for the Examination of High Civil Officials; Co-
Director of the Maritime Tariff Reform Commission; Director of Income
Tax Bureau; Director of the Cigarette Tax Bureau; etc. In September
1919 Mr. Shan was awarded the Second Order of Chiiaho and in February
1921 the Second Order of Tashou Chiaho. In Februry 1922 he was ap-
pointed a Councillor to the Central Salt Administration. In July 1922 he
was made a member of the National Finance Comm'ssion. In October 1922
he resigned the Second Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In December
1922 Mr. Shan was ordered to be acting Vice-Minister of Finance with the
concurrent posts of Chiief Director of the Central Salt Administration and
Chief Inspector of the Salt Revenue. In Jauary 1923 he was given the
First Order of Tashou Chiaho and about the same time he was reliev-ed of
the acting post. In October 1923 Mr. Shan was appointed Vice-Minister
of Finance which position he is still holding.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
301
General Hsiao Yao-nan
mmm^mm
General Hsian Yao-nan was born at Huang -kang Hsien, Hupei pro-
vince. He is a inember of the Peiyang Military Clique. During 1917-18
he was Commander of the Chihli Third Mixed Brigade. In October 1919
General Hsian was awarded the Second Order of Chiabo. In October 1920,
following the Chihli-Annfu armed struggle, in which he took an actiVe
part in Chihli, General Chang received the Fouth Order of Merit. About
the same time he was promoted to be Commander of the 25tih National
Army Division. In August 1921 General Hsian was appointed Tuchun of
Hupei. In February 1922 he was awarded the Second Order of Tashou
Paokuang Chiaho. In July he was made a Chiangchun of the College of
Marshals with the special title in two words "Ping-Wu." In August the
First Order of Wenfu was conferred upon him and in October 1922 the
Second Order of Meriit. In November 1923 General Hsiao was made a
Marshal or Ping-Wu Shan Chiang-chun. In January 1924 he was appoint-
ed to be concurrently Civil Governor of Hupei still commanding the 2oth
Army Division. In March 1924 General Hsiao was male a Full General.
302
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Htiao Yung-hsi
H rlt ^ '# =^ ife
Mr. Hsiao Yung-hsi was born at Hua-yang Hsien, Szechuan province,
in 1878. He was graduated from the English -department of the Szechuan
College in Peking,. In 1901 Mr. Hsiao went to England as an attache to
the Chinese Legation in London. In 1905 he was called back to Peking*
where he received an appointment in the Board of Foreign Affairs. In
1908 Mr. Hsiao was appointed Chinese Consul to Vancouver. In 1909 he
was transferred to be Acting Consul at Rangoon. In 1910 he was appoint-
ed Consul at the same place. In 1911 Mr,. Hsiao was sent to India to'
attend the coronation of King George of Greiat Britain. Mr. Hsiao re-
turned to China in 1913. Subsequently he was appointed Co-Director of
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 303
the Peking Octroi and concurrently a consulting member of the Ministry.
In February 1916 Mr. Hsiao was awarded the Fifth Class Chiaho. In April
he was appointed Chief-in-Charge of the Telegraph Bureau of the Ministry
of Foreign Affairs. In December 1920 Mr. Hsiao was appointed Acting
Second Secretary to the Chinese Legation in Sweden. In January 1921
he was given the Fourth Class Chiaho. For a time he was Chinese Charge
d'Affaires in Sweden. In 1922 Mr. Hs'ao was transferred to become First
Secretary to the Chinese Legation in Norway and at the same time was
Charge d'Affaires. In June 1922 he returned to China and immediately
became Advisor to the High Inspecting Commissioner of Hunan and Hupei,
General Wu Pei-fu. In August 1922 Mr. Hsiao was appointed Acting Coun-
cillor of the Ministry of Communications. A month later he was transferred
to be Acting Director of the Department of Posts and concurrently a com-
piler of the Commission for the compilation of the history of Chinese
Communications. In October 1922 Mr. Hsiao received the Second Class
Chiaho. In the same month he was appointed Director of the Department
of Navigation which position he is still holding. In May 1923 he was'
awarded the Third Class Wenfu.
<^
304
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Hsieh Chih-heng
m ^f" m ^^i^
General Hsieh Chih-heng was born at Lu Lung Hsien, Chihli province.
General Hsieh became Resident Director of the Office of the Municipal
Works in Peking in July 1920. In September of the same year he re-
ceived the appointment of "Tu Hu Pu Shih." In October 1920 General
Hsieh was given the brevet rank of Lieutenant General. In January 1921
he was awarded the Second Class Wenfu. In January 1922 General Hsieh
was appointed Inspector-General of the Metropolitan Police and concurrently
Co-Director of the Office of Administration of Metropolitan Municipal
Works. In May 1922 he was made a Lieutenant General. In October 1922
General Hsieh was awarded the Fifth Order of Merit and in November the
Second Class Tashou Chiaho. In February 1923 he was made a Chiangchun
or Member of the College of Marshals with the special two-word "Ping
Wei". In March 1923 he received the First Class Wenfu. In November
1923 General Hsieh was given the brevet rank of a Full General.. He is
still the Inspector General of the Metropolitan Police.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
305
Mr. Hsieh En-lung
it mm'^mm
Mr. Hsieh En-lung was born in Canton in 1884. He studied at the
Queen's College, Hongkong, during 1900-1904 and then at the Peiyang
University, Tientsin, during 1904-1906. In June 1906 Mr. Hsieh went to
America. From 1906 to 1909 he studied Agriculture at the Massachusetts
Agricultural College and was graduated from it with the degree of B. So.
He obtained the degree of B. A. from Boston University in 1909. He was
elected to Phi Kappa Phi in June of the same year. Subsequently Mr.
Hsieh took post-graduate work in Cornell University and in 1910 he was
graduated with the degree of 'M. S. Then he went to Germany and spent
sometime in the Leipzig University. Mr. Hsieh returned to China in
June 1912. That year he was appointed Technical Expert to the Ministry
of Agriculture and Commerce. As a Chinese delegate he attended the
International Dry Farming Congress at Lathbridge, Alberta, Canada, in
1912. Upon his return he wrote a comprehensive report. Mr. Hsieh was
editor-in-chief of the Journal of Agriculture and Forestry from 1912 to
306 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
1915. While in the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce he was Chief
Compiler of the Translation and Compilation Bureau and associate editor
of the Journal of Agriculture and Commerce. In 1914 Mr. Hsieh was ap^
pointed Principal Expert of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce,
In October 1920, Mr. Hsieh left the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce
and in November he was appointed Principal Technical Expert of the
Ministry of Communications. In the latter Ministry he was at different
times chief of different sections either in the Railway Department or
in the Telegraph Department. In December 1921, Mr. Hsieh was awarded
the Third Class Chiaho. In 1922 he was one of the Chinese delegates to
the Sino-Japanese Postal Conference. From May 1921 to May 1922, Mr.
Hsieh concurrently held the position of Departmental Chief in the Office
of the High Industrial Commissioner and also that of Chief editor of the
Journal of Industrial Development published by that office. Mr. Hsieh ig
at present serving as a Principal Technical Expert of the Ministry of Com-
munications, member of the General Affairs Section of the Department
and also a member of the Office of Technical Affairs. Mr. Hsieh is the
author of Report on Tobacco Industry in Shantung and Chinese Tea, written
in 1915.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
107
Mr. Hsieh Tu-pi
^ ^ S? ^ ^ H
Mr. Hsieh Tu-pi was born at Chieh Hsieh, Shansi province, in 1892.
He was graduated from the Shansi Provincial Law College. In February
1912 Mr. Hsieh, was appointed a Judge of the Local Court of Hotung
District, Shansi. In October of the same year he was transferred to be-
come Judge of the Local Court of Pingyang District. In December 1914
Mr. Hsieh was appointed by the Commander of the 16th Mixed Brigade,
who was then no other person than General Feng Yu-hsiang, to be Secret-
ary. Mr. Hsieh became Military Judge to the same Brigade. In April
1918 he received a concurrent position as Chief of the Ching-shih Likin
Station in Hunan in which province the 16th Mixed Brigade was then
stationed. In July he was transferred to be Chief of the Chang-teh Likin
Station, still holding the position of Military Judge of the Brigade. In
August 1918 Mr. Hsieh was awarded the Third Class Chiaho in recognition
of service rendered in connection with recapturing the city of Chang-teh,
Hunan, from the hands of Southern leaders. In July 1919 Mr. Hsieh was
308 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
appointed Magistrate of Channg-teh Hsieh. This position he held until
Julj'^ 1920 when he went North with the 16th Mixed Brigade of which he
was still the Military Legal Officer. At the same time he received the
Second Class Chiaho, In 1921 General Feng Yu-hsiang became Tuchun of
Shensi while General Liu Chen-hua was the Civil Governor. In July that
year Civil Governor Liu appointed Mr. Hsieh to be Magistrate of Yenyanig
Hsieh. In August he was transferred to be Acting Magistrate of Chang-an
Hsien, the capital of the province of Shensi. In October 1921 Mr. Hsieh
was appointed jointly by Tuchun Feng and Governor Liu to act as director
of the Shensi Opium Prevention Bureau. In December 1921 Mr. Hsieih
was appointed to act for the Chief of the Shensi Financial Bureatu In
May 1922 he was appointed by a President Mandate to be Acting Chief
of the Shensi Financial Bureau. In the meanwhile General Feng Yu-hsiang
was transferred to Honan. In May 1922 the Civil Governor of Honan ap-
pointed Mr. Hsieh to act for the Chief of the Honan Financial Bureau. In
June another Presidential Mandate appointed him to be Acting Chief of
that Bureau. In January 1923 Mr. Hsieh was appointed Acting Vice-
Minister of Justice. For some time after May 1923 he was concurrently
Chief Secretary of the Cabinet. In July 1923 Mr. Hsieh was appointed to
act concurrently as Chief of the Peking Octroi. In January 1924 Mr.
Hsieh was appointed to take charge of the Affairs of the Ministry of
Justice. Besides this post which he is still holding, Mr. Hsien is now
the Director of the Peking Octroi.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
309
Mr. Y. S. Ziar
(Hsieh Yung-shen)
Mr. Y. S. Ziar, Chinese attorney and formerly chairman of the Chinese
Advisory Committee to the Shanghai Municipal Council, is a native of Shao-
shing, Chekiang, a place well-known in China for its production of wise men
and lawyers. He was born on March 15, 1885, and was the son of late Mr,
Ziar Lun-hui, managing director of the Commercial Bank of China and one
of the foremost bankers in the country. After receiving his education i-n
the preparatory schools in Shanghai, Mr. Ziar went to England in 1906,
entering Cambridge University in 1907, and took his B. A. degree in 1910
and M. A. in 1915. He is a member of the Inner Temple, London, and
was called to the bar in 1914. After two year's practice in England, he
returned to China and joined the firm of Messrs. Piatt and Company of
Shanghai in 1916. He has appeared in many important criminal and civil
cases in the Mixed Court and other judicial tribunals in Shanghai. When
310 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
the Chinese Ratepayers* Association was organized to further the activi-
ties of thii Chinese in municipal affairs, Mr. Ziar was elect^ed ooie of the
directors of the association and when later the creation of an a-dvisory
committee was authorised by the Shanghai ratepayers he became one o'f
the members of the first committee, which elected him as its chairman. In
1923, he resigned from the committee to take an extensive trip in Europe
and America where he made investigations of the judicial systems of the
various countries. He returned in 1924 and since has continued his prac-
tice with Messrs. Piatt and Company, Mr. Ziar has been appointed legal
advisor to the Bureau of Foreign Affairs the General Chamber of
Commerce of Shanghai annd the Military Governor of Chekiang.
tjt
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
311
Mr« HsSun^t Hsi-iing
Mr. Hsiung Hsi-ling Was born at Peng'huang Hsien, Hunan province,
in 1867. He was a Metropolitan graduate of 1894 and a prominent Hanlin
scholar. Mr. Hsiung was an intimate friend of the reformer Kang Yu-hui
and after the latter's downfall which occurred in 1898 he was arrested
by the Imperial Ching government, but was promptly released. Subsequently
Mr. Haiung went to Japan to study. There he reniained for a few years.
In 1905 when he had returned to Peking he accompanied Tuan Fang on
the latter's foreign mission. On that occasion, he visited America and
Europe. After the return of the mission, Mr. Hsiung was appointed
312 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Chief of the Bureau of Agriculture, Industry & Commerce of Kiangsu.
Later he was transferred to the same post in Fengtien. Mr. Hsiung
was the principal assistant of General Chao Erh-hsun when the latter
was Viceroy of Manchuria. In September 1910 he received the ap-
pointment to be Acting Commissioner of Foreign Affairs in Hupei. But
very soon he returned to Mukden where he held several important posi-
tions at different times, the highest being that of the Principal Finance
Commissioner of Manchuria and that of Salt Commissioner of Fengtien.
A.t the time of the Wuchang outbreak, October 1911, Mr. Hsiung was
Finance Commissioner at Mukden. Subsequently he went south and joined
the Tutuh of Kiangsu. I^ater he went to Hunan and became chair-
man of the Republican Committee of that province. In March 1912
Mr. Hsiung was appointed Minister of Finance in the first Republican
Cabinet headed by Tang Shao-i. He was responsible for the conduct
of the loan negotiations with the International Bank'ng Group, for
the First Reorganization Loan from the time of his arrival until he
resigned in June 1912 after Premier Tang had given up the premiership.
Mr. Hsiung, however, continued to be employed by the government in the
capacity of Chief of a Commission for the negotiation of foreign loans.
It was he who was mainly responsible for negotiating the Crisp Loan.
Subsequently Mr. Hsiung was appointed Tutung or Lieutenant-General of
Jehol. The appointment was interesting in view of the fact that he had
never held a military position before. He remained at Jehol until July
1913. Mr. Hsiung was appointed Prime Minister on July 31, 1913. In
September he was given the concurrent post of Minister of Finance.
These positions he held until February 1914r In May 1914 Mr. Hsiung
was appointed a member of the Tsan Chen Yuan, the Advisory Council
of the late President Yuan Shih-kai. At the same time he was ap-
pointed Director-General of the National Oil Administration which was
organized for the purpose to undertake the development of petroleum
resources in China in cooperation with the Standard Oil Company of
New York. As the expedition to Shensi and Shansi failed to discover
oil of a commercial quantity the Administration was dissolved in
December 1916. In 1917, the year a big flood occurred in Chihli
inundating part of the Port of Tientsin, Mr. Hsiung was appointed Dir-
ector-General of the Flood Relief and Conservancy. He was mainly re-
sponsible for the formation of the Chihli River Commission, of which he
was made President. In the capacity of the Director-General, Mr. Hsiung
signed the agreement with the American International Corporation for a
$6,000,000 loan for the improvement of the Grand Canal. He later
became Director General of the Grand Canal Improvement Board.
In December 1918 Mr. Hsiung was awarded the Third Order of Merit.
In May 1919 he was ordered to hold concurrently the post of director
general of Famine Relief in Hunan Province. In March 1920 Mr. Hsiung
received the First Class Wenfu Decoration. In May 1920 he was relieved
of the three aforementioned posts: Flood Relief and Conservancy; Grand
Canal Improvement; and Hunan Famine Relief. Following in the wake
of the 1921 flood the refugees driven to despair by the famine were
abandoning their children on the roadside or selling them to the highest
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 313
bidders. Mr. Hsiung in the capacity of Director-General established two
asylums in Peking to receive these children. When the flood subsided,
most of these children were claimed and taken back by their parents, but
still about 200 were left on the hands of the authorities without
any claimants. Finding it necessary to find a place for the up-
bringing of the children, Mr. Hsiung secured the donation by Ching
Household of the Imperial Hunting Park on the Western Hills and
using this place he establisihed an orphanage called the Children's
Home. In May 1921 Mr. Hsiung was called to Hunan to direct the self-
government movement in that province. He returned to Peking in July
1921. The object of this hasty return was partly to ease the mind of the
northern leaders who suspected him of having joined the southern leaders
and partly to save the Children's Home from losing the government's sup-
port. In November 1922, Mr. Hsiung was awarded the Second Order of
Merit. In the same month he was ordered by the President to devise means
of living for the poor people in the Metropolis. In January 1923 he was
appointed a Member of the Educational Sinking Fund Commission. Mr.
Hsiung's address is Children's Home, Hsiang Shan, Peking.
.je
314
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Hsiung Ping-ch'i
General Hsiung Ping-ch'i was born in Shantung. He graduated from
a military academy in North China. General Hsiung served the late Pre-
sident Feng Kuo-chang for many years. When the latter was Commander-
in-chief of the Body Guard of the Ching Imperial Family, General
Hsiung was a Second Staff Officer. From September 1912 to July
1913, during which period Feng KuQ-ohang was M.ilitary Governor
of Chihli, General Hsiung was his Staff Officer. In December 1913
Feng Kuo-chang became Tutu or Military Governor of Kiangsu, and
General Hsiung was appointed Chief of Military Affairs Department,
Subsequently he was made a Colonel General. In August 1917 Feng
Kuo-chang came to Peking to succeed Li Yuan-hung as President of China
General Hsiung was given an important position in the President's Office.
Hsiung retired into private life when Feng Kuo-chang was relieved of
the Presidency by Hsu Shih-chang in September 1918. In March 1919
General Hsiung was appointed Director of the National University for
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 315
military training. Subsequently he was made a Lieutenant-General.
In May 1920 General Hsiung was awarded the Second Class Chiaho.
In November 1920 he left the University and very soon was appointed
Chief Staff Officer to the High Inspecting Commissioner of Chihli, Shan-
tung and Honan, who was no other person than Marshal Tsao Kun. In
February 1922 General Hsiung received the Second Class Tashou Chiaho.
In July 1922 he was made "Chang Wei" Chiangchun, a member of the
College of Marshals. In Septemjjer 1922 General Hsiung was appointed
Civil Governor of Shantung — ^this position he is still holding. In October
1922 he was given the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho. In November 1922
he was appointed to hold concurrently . the post of Associate Director of
the Shantung Rehabilation Bureau and also that of Director General of
the Administration of the Kiaochou Port. He was also commissioned to
cooperate with Dr. C. T. Wang in taking over that Port from the Japan-
ese. In February 1923 another appointment was given to him and that
was associate director for the Construction Works of the Kungchiakou
Breach of the Yellow River. In May 1923 General Hsiung was ordered to
be censured in connection with the Lincheng Outrage, but to remain in
position as before. In November 1923 General Hsiung was given the brevet
rank of a full General.
^
316
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. S. P. Hung
m '^ ^
Hsiung Hsiao-hao
Mr. S. P. Hung is managing editor of the Chinese Peking and Tientsin
Times, special correspondent for the Shun Pao of Shanghai, and a member
of the sub-committee for China of the World Press Congress. Born in
Hongkong in 1892, Mr. Hung studied p]nglish in Queen's College at the
place of his birth. In 1910 he went to Peking and entered the College
of Communications, a government institution in the Capital. In August of
1911 he became translator and reporter for the Associated Press in Peking.
In 1912 he became assistant correspondent in Peking of the Chicago Daily
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 317
News. In 1914 he was reporter for Renter's Agency in the Capital and was
transferred to Tientsin after the war broke out in Europe. In 1914 he
became translator and reporter for Renter's Tientsin Agency and the Pek-
ing and Tientsin Times, and illustrator and artist of the China Illustrated
Weekly and the Tientsin Press. In 1917 the Chinese Peking and Tientsin
Times was established, and Mr. Hung acted concurrently as managing editor
of that paper. In April of 1921 he attended the Press Conference of the
Far East in Tokyo. While in Japan he succeeded in sectiring aasista^nce
of the Japanese press in putting an end to the Japanese morphine traffic in
China. The Japan Times and Mail in one of its April issues stated: "It
was partly through Mr. Rung's efforts that a black list was published in
the English and Chinese newspapers in China, containing the names of
dealers, Japanese and others, who helped to carry on this deadly traffic
which resulted in the death of 100,000 people in China every year." Mr.
Hung attributed his anti-Japanese attitude to the Japanese merchants in
China secretly trafficing in opium and said: "Out of every hundred known
opium smugglers, 93 are Japanese while statistics reveal 100,000 victims of
this traffic annually. If this trade continues several hundred years more,
one-fourth of the whole Chinese population will perish."
^
318
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. George Hsu
(Hsu Ch'ien)
Mr. George Hsu was born at Nanchang, Kiangsi province, in 1872.
His father, who was a district magistrate, died while he was a child, and
at the age of nine he moved w'iith his uncle to Soochow and later to
Peking. Mr, Hsu studied in Peking until he became a Metropolitan gra-
duate or Han-lin, Then he entered the Chin Shih Kuan, a post-graduate
school for those having passed the third literary examination. There he
studied foreign law for three years. On completing his studies he was
appointed a Councillor of the Board of Justice. In 1906, Tai Hung-tzu,
then President of the Board of Justice, returned from his tour abroad. Mr.
Hsu made suggestions to him to separate the judicial functions of the
WHO'S WHO IN ACHIN 319
governraennt from the executive. This brought the organization of district
courts and the Supreme Court in Peking. Mr. Hsu was appointed Chief
Justice of the Peking Local Court. In 1907 Mr. Hsu was promoted to the
position of Attorney-General of the Higher Court of Peking. In 1910 Mr.
Hsu attended as Chinese Delegate the Eighth International Prison Con-
ference at Washington D. C, visiting the leading European capitals about
the same time. Upon his return to Peking, he was appointed Vice-Pres-
ident of the Board of Justice, holding this position until the Revolution of
1911. After the peace pact in Shanghai. January 1912, Mr. Hsu was appoint-
ed Vice-President of the Supreme Court in Peking. In April 1912 he
was appointed Vice-Minister of Justice in Tang Shao-i's Cabinet. For
sometime he acted for the Minister of Justice, Dr. Wang Chung-hui, who
did not assume office. Mr. Hsu resigned from the Ministry of Justice in
July 1912 because he disliked Yuan Shih-kai's absolute rule. Then he
went to Shanghai and joined Dr. Sun Yat-sen's party. During the Seoond
Revolution, in the summer of 1913, Mr. Hsu was practising law in Shanghai
before the Mixed and Native Courts. He remained there for three years.
Yuan Shih-kai died in June 1916. Li Yuan-hung became President
and Tuan Chi-jui Prime Minister. In September 1916 Mr. Hsu was ap-
pointed Vice-Minister of Justice. Before the dissolution of Parliament
on June 13, 1917, by President Li Yuan-hung, Mr. Hsu strongly opposed
President Li's taking such an unconstitutional step. On June 16, his re-
signation was officially accepted. Immediately after his resignation, Mr.
Hsu proceeded to Shanghai where he spent three months, while Peking
witnessed the beginning and end of General Chang Hsun's attempt to
restore the Manchu Monarch. Meanwhile the members of the dissolved
Parliament gathered at Canton. Dr. Sun went there on July 19. On July
22, the First Squadron of the Chinese Navy headed by Admiral Ch'en Pi-
kuang declared its independence and sailed to Canton. A military govern-
ment was immediately established with Dr. Sun as Generalissimo. On Aug-
gust 27, the Extraordinary Parliament was inaugurated at Canton,, Mr.
Hsu was invited by Dr. Sun to be his Chief Secretary whicfh he reaidily
accepted. In January 1918 a Southwestern government was formed at
Canton. Dr. Sun, General Tsen Chun-hsuan, Dr. Wu Ting-fang, General
Tang Chi-yao, General Lu Yung-ting and Admiral Ch'en Pi-kuang were
elected administrators. Mr. Hsu became Dr. Sun's representative on the
Administrative Council, concurrently acting as Miaister of Justice,
Mr. Hsu was one of the first to advocate a peace conference between
the North and the South for the settling of their differences. Immediately
after the armistice had been proclaimed in France, in November 1918,
Mr. Hsu suggested the idea in an article in the Peking Leader, and draft-
ed a wire to President Hsu suggesting that both sides send an equal
number of delegates to Shanghai to discuss a reconciliation. The Canton
Administrative Council and the representatives of the Southern provinces
and troops of the Military governnraent passed favorably on his suggestion,
and the telegram as drafted was wired to Peking on Nov>e(mber, 1918.
being at the same time delivered to the consulates of the Powers in Canton.
It was at least two days later that the memorandum of the five Powers
advising a peace conference was delivered by the various consulates-
320 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
general and legations in Canton and Peking. In 1919 Mr. Hsu was asked
by the Canton government to attend the Paris Peace Conference as advisor
to the Chinese Delegation and also by the Chinese Christian bodies to
represent their interests unofl5cially at the Conference. Upon his return
from Paris at the end of August 1919, two months after the signing of the
Versailles Treaty, Mr. Hsu found Dr. Sun in Shanghai, having severed
connection with the Southern government and left Canton. Mr. Hsu sent
in his resignation as Minister of Justice, which however, was not accepted.
Then Mr. Hsu went to Tientsin and took up the chief editorship of the
Social Welfare. Upon the return of Dr. Sun to power in Canton late 1920,
Mr. Hsu resumed his activities with the movement. He was President of the
Supreme Court of the Constitutional government and was charged also with
the duties of the Minister of Justice. In June 1922, Li Yuan-hung became
President in Peking again. Parliament was reconvcked. In September
1922 President Li appointed Mr. Hsu, Acting Minister of Justice. He did
not afisutae office and was officially relieved of this post in November 1922.
In October 1922 he was awarded by President Li the First Class Tashou Chiaho
Decoration. Mr. Hsu is still in Canton holding several positions. He
was a faithful follower of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. When not in office, Mr. Hsu
practices law privately. He is a Christian, and in spite of his many duties
in Canton Mr. Hsu finds time to conduct Bible classes and also answer the
frequent calls to preach in the churches of the city. He is now Chancellor
of the Central University recently established by the Southern government
at Canton.
%ae
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
321
Mr. Jabin Hsu
(Hsu Chien-ping)
Mr. Jabin Hsu, one of the best known of the madern journalists in
China, was born in Shanghai, March 26, 1889. He received his preliminary
education in the Municipal Public School for Chinese, graduating in 1907.
In the same year, he passed as one of the first five Chinese students tak-
ing the Cambridge University local examinations. In 1908, Mr. Hsu acted
as interpreter for a foreign law firm in Shanghai. In the following year,
he became the editor of the Yu Shang Pao, a weekly commercial pa^er
published in Chinese. In 1910 he passed the competitive examination of
Tsing Hua College and was sent by the college to the Unlitied States, en-
tering the University of Michigan in the fall of 1911. While in college,
Mr. Hsu was active in college dramatics, oratory and journalism, appearing
322 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
in several college shows, and was winner of the Kauffman medal for oratory
in 1913 and served as one of the editors of the Michigan Daily, besides
holding many honorary offices. Upon completing his course in 1914, Mr.
Hsu was appointed assistant news editor of the Detroit Tribune, which
office he held at the beginning of the wodd war and relinquished only
when he returned to China early in 1915. The following two years Mr.
Hsu was engaged in legal work, being associated with one of the British
law firms in Shanghai. He continued, however, his activities, his articles
appearing in local Chinese and American papers. In March 1917, the
China Press, invited him to join its staff and since then, Mr.. Ilsu's nam©
has been closely identifed with this journal. In 1921, Mr. Hsu was elec-
ted by the Chinese newspapers in Shanghai to represent them at the Press
Congress of the World in Honolulu. After fufilling his duties at this gath-
ering, he went on to America and attended, as staff correspondent of
the China Press, the Conference on the Limitation of Armaments. While
there, he also contributed articles for the New York Herald, the Balti-
more Sun and the San Francisco Chronicle, which received considerable
attention. Mr. Hsu returned to China in 1922 and spent considerable time
traveling about the country. In recognition of his services in the news-
paper world, he was appointed in 1923 managing director of the Shangihai
Tribune Publishing Co., publishers of the Shanghai Tribune, which office he
holds concurrently at present. Since 1922, Mr .Hsu has also been serving
on the Advisory Committee of the Shanghai Municipal Council, besides be-
ing director of a number of local organizations including the American
University Club.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
323
Mr. Charles S. Y. Shu-Tze
/^ ti ^ M ©
(Hau Ch'ih)
Mr. Shu-Tze was born at Hangchow, Chekiang province, in 1886. He
studied Political Science and Law and graduated from Christ College,
Cambridge, England, and also the University Libre, Brusselles. After
graduation Mr. Shu entered the Chinese diplomatic service. At different
times he was secretary to the Chinese legations in Belgium', Switzerland
and Spain. In January 1918 he was appointed Third Secretary to the
Chinese Legation in Switzerland. In September 1920, Second Secretary
to Chinese legation in Spain. During the Paris Peace Conference in 1920
Mr. Shu-Tze served as one of the secretaries of the Chinese Delegation.
Upon his return to China he was appointed an Officer of Ceremony in the
President's Mansion. In December 1920 Mr. Shu was appointed a Councillor
of the Ministry at the Interior— this position he is still holding. In
September 1921 he received the Third Class Chiaho and in October the
324 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Second Class Wenfu. In November 1922 Mr. Shu was appointed acting
director of the Civil Affairs Department of the Ministry of the Interior. In
the same month he received the appointment as chairman of the Commission
for the Prevention of Famine under the Ministry. Mr. Shu was awarded
the Second Tashou Chiaho in April 1923 and Second Class Paokuang Chiaho
in October 1923. His present address is 27 Shih Fang Yuan East City,
Peking, China.
m
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
325
Mr. Hsu Un-yuen
^ .^ 7C ^ # *
Mr. Hsu Un-yuen, one of the leading financial authorities in China, is
a native of Chekiang Prrovince, where he was born in 1884. He joined
the Nanyang CoUegie, Shanghai, educated in the old school, and
won his first degree in Chinese Classics 1897; from which he was
graduated with high honors. He went to England in 1905; and
in the following year, he entered the University of London. After
completing a course in political economy, in the School of Economics
and Politcal Science of that University, he did some research work
on the subject of currency and banking. While in Enland, he made
contributions to the Economic Journal and to other papers. He won the
Jevons Memorial Research Scholarship: which is indeed a rare distinction.
He was a fellow of the University College, London, as well as a fellow of
several royal societies in England. After leaving the University, he worked
326 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
in the Union of London and Smith's Bank for nearly two years; working
from the head office down to the country branches. For a time he served
under His Excellency Wang Ta-hsieh, Chinese Constitutional CommissioTier
to London; and he studied then the methods of English local government
in matters pertaining to finance, education, police-protection, sanitation,
prisons, poor laws, etc. He was a government delegate to the Currency
Conference that met in London in 1911. Mr .Hsu has held many raspon-
sible positions in Peking, such as: phief of the Departmient of Public
Loans of the Ministry of Finance, Director of the Bureau of Audit, Special
Commissioner of Currency Reform, Director of the Bureau of Public Credit,
which is comprised of the department of Currency and Banking and Public
Loans and the Treasury oif the Ministry of Finance ; Member of the Financial
Commission appointed by the President; Deputy Director-General of the
Bureau of Currency of which His Excellency Liang Chi-chao was Director-
General. He was appointed Deputy Auditor-General of the Board of Audit,
in May 1914; which post he held until 1917. During that time he was, on
several occasions, appointed to act for the Direc/tJor-General of Audit. In
June 1916, Mr. Hsu was appointed, concurrently, as Governor of the Bank
of China, in which, at that time, a moo-atorium had been declared. While
he was with this bank he tried his best to bring about the resum-ption o.f
specie payment: and finally succeeded in doing so for the branches in
Shantung, Shensi, Kwangtung, Tientsin and Kalgan. At the Peking branch,
on account of an exceptionally heavy and continuous run, he adopted a
system, known as the "Silver Exchange Standard." By means of this
system he was able to maintain the price of the notes at approximately
98 per cent of their face value until he left the institution, in May 1917.
In the summer of 1919, Mr. Hsu took a brief trip to America to study
after-war financial conditions. In January 1920, he founded the Chinese
Bank of Commerrce, capitalized at $10,000,000. The bank has its Exec-
utive Office in Shanghai ; and maintains branches in Tientsin, Peking, Tsinan,
Shanghai, Harbin and Shihkiachwang. Mr. Hsu is now Councellor of the
Cabinet at Peking. He has traveled a good deal in Europe, in America,
and in Japan, as well as in the interior (Of China. Among the many
decorations which he has been awarded are: the first Class Tashou Paokuang
Chiaho, the Class Wenfu, the First Class Tashou Chiaho, and the Chevalier
de la Legion d'Honneur. He was a Shao-Ching during President Yuan
■Shih-kai's regime. Mr. Heu is fond of nature, and spends his time of re-
creation principally in reading, walking and hill-climbing. With his
excellent past record and his strong character, Mr. Hsu will no doubt do
some great good for the benefit of his country in the near future.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
327
Mr. Hsu Fo-su
^ ^ B
Mr, Hsu Fo-su was born Changsha, Hunan Province, in 1880, though
his native home is Chekiang. While a student,he associated with persons
who later became leaders of either reform movements or revolutionary par-
ties. He studied political science and graduated from Higher Normal Col-
lege in Tokyo. While in Japan Mr. Hsu joined Mr. Liang Chi-chiao's party
advocating constitutional monarchy. He assisted in the running of the
famous magazine Hsin Ming Chung Pao, edited by Liang Chi-chiao. After
the Boxer trouble, Mr. Hsu's political principles gradually changed and he
began to advocate revolution. In 1903, he returned to China in company
with over twenty persons including the late General Tsai Ac. Several
members of the party were left at Shanghai where a newspaper organ was
founded. Mr. Hsu and many others secretly returned to Hunan to start a
revolution. They failed because their plot was discovered by the authori-
ties. A few of their colleagues were taken prisoners and Mr. Hsu and the
328 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
late General Huang Hsin fled to Shanghai disguised as coolies. Upon
reaching Shanghai, Mr. Hsu found that the Shanghai members including
men like Chang Tai-yen had been arrested by the Mixed Court and their
organ closed in June 1903. H\e was also arrested and remained in prisoti
for three months after which they were released by order of the Peking
imperial government. Mr .Hsu sailed for Japan again. There he took up
the study of law and political science and his principles underwent another
change returning to constitutional reform and he joined Liang Chi-chiao's
party again. It was at this time the Constitutional Party came into existence
and openly challenged the Revolutionary Party headed by Sun Yat-sen. In
1907 Mr. Hsu returned to China, and started the movement of urging the
government to adopt a constitutional system. In December 1908, as a
result of repeated representations, by the people, an Imperial Edict was pro-
mulgated promising to introduce constitutional government after nine years
during which period of time preparations would be made. Mr. Hsu then
influenced the advisory councils of the different provinces to form a joint
representative body demanding the government to shorten the preparation
period. At the same time he established a newspaper organ in Peking
called Kuo Ming Kung Pao to support the representation. In November
1910 the Peking government made a declaration to convoke a parliament
in 1913 but on the other hand gave instructions to the provincial governors
to dissolve all the representative bodies. Mr. Hsu's, Ming Kung Pao was at
once closed and many leaders were arrested* The reaction was that most
of the prominent persons who had been hitherto advocating a constitutional
monarchy became revolutionists. A big revolutionary plan was laid with
Mr. Hsu as agent for Hunan province. Men like the late Tong Hua-lung,
General Tan Yen-kai, Ling Chang-ming Sun Hung-i, and Wen Shih-lin were
in this movement as agents for their own respective provinces. The First
Revolution broke out at Wuchang in October 1911. Through the efforts of
these agents, many provinces responded to the revolutionary call. After
the establishment of the Reipulic in 1912, Mr. Hsu went to Peking where
he again started his paper the Kuo Ming Kung Pao. He did not accept any
official position until 1914 when President Yuan Shih-kai gave him a post
political councillor. Mr. Hsu ,took a very strong attitude against (Yuan
Shih-kai when the latter launched his monarchical movement in 1915. He
was one of the important members of the revolt which overthrew Yuan
Shih-kai's movement, the other members being the late General Tsai Ao,
Liang Chi-chiao, and several others. Mr. Hsu did not accept any offer of
high position during President Li Yuan-hung's regime. The dissolution of
the First Parliament prior to Chang Hsun's monarchical attempt in 1917
and the refusal of the northern leaders to reconvoke it after Chang Hsun's
overthrow finally resulted in the opening of civil strife between the north
and the south. In September 1918 Hsu Shih-chang was elected President
by the New Parliament., To him Mr. Hsu submitted the idea of calling a
Peace Conference to axscomplish China's reunification. This was accepted
and was agreed to by the southern leaders. In December 1918 Peking ap-
pointed Chu Chi-chien as Chief Deilegate and Mr. Hsu and eight others as
members of the Northern Delegation. The experience Mr. Hsu gained in
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 329
the Peace Conference, which resulted in nothing, led him to believe it was
impossible to re-establish the absolute centralization of power in Peking,
Then he wrote a book entitled Self-Government of the Southwestern Pro-
vinces and Peace, in which he advocated the formation of a federation
among the southwestern provinces and final unification by an understanding
between this Union and, the Northern government. This idea on one hand
received the approval of the southwestern leaders who actually put it into
practice and on ,the other hand incurred the displeasure of the northern
leaders. In the autumn of 1920 Mr. Hsu, in cooperation with Liang Chi-
chiao, Hsiung Hsi-Ung and Fang Yuan-lien, drafted a provincial constitu-
tion for the province of Hunan. It was submitted to the Hunan government
and was adopted by the Hunan Provisional Assembly in the winter of 1920.
During 1921-22 Mr. Hsu devoted his time and energy -entirely to the pro-
motion of a federal system throughout the different provinces. In the
spring of 1921 he gathered together a number of prominent persons and
organized the Federation Government Association whose object was to push
through the adoption of this system of government. In June 1922 Mr. Hsu
was appointed by the Peking government Director-General of the Currency
Bureau. In October he received the Second Class Paokua Chiaho. In March
1923 Mr. Hsu was appointed President of the Commission for the Discus-
sion of China's Finance and was awarded the First Glas3 Tashou Chiaho
Decoration.
'A^
330
WHO'S Who in china
Mr. Hsu Fu-lin
Mr. Hsu Fu-lin was born at Ho-ping Hsien, Kuangtung Province, in
1870. He became an orphan wlien he was only three years old. But
he was a studious boy and now is one of the noted scholars in that province.
Under the old Competitive Examination system, Mr. Hsu was a Senior
Licentiate. From the Peking Law College he graduated and then he went
to study in Japani'. He graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Law from
the Hosie University. After his return to China, Mr, Hsu became a secretary
to the Judicial Commissioner — then called Ch'a Shih — of his own province.
Mr. Hsu played an important part in the First Revolution. He was
provincial assemblyman chosen by the Ho-ping district to Canton. In
January 1912 he was in Nanking as a member of the National Council
which drafted the Provisional Conststiution. This Council was transferred
to Peking in March 1912 to act as the Legislature unt/il the inauguration
of the new two-chamber National Assembly. This Assembly was formally
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA sn
inaugurated in April 1913, and Mr. Hsu became a Member of the lower
Hcuse representing Kuangtung Province. In January 1914 the National
Assembly was dissolved by Yuan Shih-kai. Mr. Hsu then went to Japan.
In April 1915 he returned to Shanghai and founded two political magazines
called "Righto usness" and "New Chung Hua" the main object of which
was to oppose the absolute rule of Yuan Shih-kai.
When Yuan Shih-kai launched his monarchical attempt, in the winter of
1915, Mr. Hsu and many other republican leaders published in Shanghai a
daily paper called "Chung Hua Hsin Pao" which was then considered the
only paper for the Republic. Through this paper Mr. Hsu rendered valu-
able service to the Republican Army headed by the late General Tsao Ao.
A reward of $100,000 was put up by Yuan Shih-kai for the arrest of Mr.
Hsu. Mr. Hsu was in Peking as member of the Lower House again from
July 1916 until June 1917 when the National Assembly was again dis-
solved, this time by Li Yuan-hung as demanded by the different military
leaders, who took strong exception to the draft of the New Constitfu,tion
by the Assembly. 'Subsequently Mr. Hsu went to Canton where a military
government had been formed in which Dr. Sun Yat-sen, Tang Shao-yi and
Wu Ting-fang took the leading role and whither the ex- Parliamentarians
proceeded to re-establish Constitutionalism. Under this Canton new govern-
ment Mr. Hsu at different times held the followiing positions: Chief
Justice of the High Court, Minister of Justice, and Chief Justice of the
"Supreme Court.
^
^3^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Singloh Hsu
^ F&f ^> ^ S ?ft
(Hsu Hsin-liu)
Mr. Singloh Hsu was born in 1890 at Hangchow, Chekiang. After
having obtained education in Chinese classics and literature at home, he
entered the Imperial Poljrtechnic College (Nanyang College) Shanghai, from
which he was graduated in 1907. In 1908, M,r. Hsu went to England with
the Chekiang Provincial government's support and entered Birmingham Un-
iversity to study science. He graduated in 1911 with the degree of B. Sc.
Subsequently Mr. Hsu entered the Faculty of Commerce, Victoria Un-
iversity of Manchester when he was graduated in 1913 with the degree of
B. Com. Mr. Hsu then went to Paris and entered the Ecole des Sciences
Politiques (Finance Section). Mr. Hsu returned to China in 1914. The
next year, he joined the Ministry of Finance, Peking, as a "Chien Shih"
Secretary, which position he later resigned to join the Bank of China aa
associate director of the Treasury Department. In 1917 Mr. Hsu again
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 333
joined the Ministry of Finance as a Secretary to the Minister. He returned
again to the Bank of China in 1918 as sub-manager of the Peking Office.
In 1919 Mr. Hsu was sent to Europe by the g^overnment and attached to
Mr. Liang Chi-chiao's Mission. While in Europe, he served as Chinese
Technical Delegate for Reparations. He returned to China in July of the
same year. Subsequently Mr. Hsu organized the Sintoon Overseas Trading
Co , Ltd. and he was elected to be a managing director. In the same year
assistant general manager. Mr. Hsu was awarded by the Peking govern-
ment the Third Class Chiaho in December 1918 and the Third Class Wenfu
in January 1920,
AH
334
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Hsu Jen Tsing
(Hsu Jen-Chun)
Perhaps no other man has done more to improve the public utilities
and sanitary conditions in Chapei than Mr. Hsu Jen-tsing, director of
the Chapei Public Works, who ateo holds the office of the Chief of Com-
missariat of the Yamen of the Military Governor of Sunkiang and Shang-
hai. Mr. Bsu is forty-nine years old and is a native of Wuhsien, Kiangsu.
After receiving his preliminary education under the old literary examina-
tion system, he served as secretary to various high officials in North and
South China as well as those along the Yangtsze Valley. Later he re-
ceived a high course of education in finance and law and held several
important positions in Kwangtung Province. In 1913 he was appointed
by Admiral Tseng Jucheng, then Military Commissioner of Shanghai
to join hia commissariat. When General Yang Shan-teh succeeded Admiral
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 335
Tseng upon the latter's assassination, he appointed Mr. Hsu head of the
department. In this capacity, Mr. Hsu has served since under Generals Lu
Yung-hsiang and Ho Feng-Iin to the satisfaction of both. Since 1921,
Mr. Hsu has been holding the directorship of the Chapei Public Works concur-
rently; and his work is being appreciated by the residents in Chaipei.
Many improvements have been made in the municipal administration while
new roads have been constructed to facilitate the communicationa. Laet
year, he repaired the banks of the Soocohw Creek and the road along the
water front, constructed the Chun Hsin Road, remodelled Paoshan Road and
widened the Ta Tung Road, which work drew* a considerable amount of
favorable comment. Along his new plans are the reconstruction of the
Sinza Road Bridge and the building of another reinforced concrete bridge
across the Soochow Creek at Kwan Fu Road where the district is thickly
populated. Many decorations have been awarded Mr. Hsu by the Central
government. The highest of these is the Second Class Chiaho. His official rank
is that of the Chief of an Army Commi^ariat. He is also Brevet Coun-
sellor of the Ministry of Finance, advisor to the Cabinet, the Director of
Military Rehabilitation of Chekiang, the Governor of Chekiang and the
Woosung Bureau of Commercial Development and delegate to the National
Conference of River Conservancy. He has been in Shanghai more than
ten years and is well-versed in the diplomatic and political situation of
the locality.
^
336
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Hsu Lan-chou
Wrmm^^ m
General Hsu Lan-chou, was born in Nan Kun Hsien, Chihli, in 1873.
He followed President Hsu Shih-chang, who was at that time Viceroy of
Manchuria to Fengtien as a member of the Viceroy.'s staff. Later he
was attached to General Chang Hsun's force as commander of a section
of the patrol troops. In 1912, General Hsu was promoted to be a brigade
commander with the rank of lieutenant general. In 1913, he was given
the official rank of major general for his successful suppression of the Sun
Ya-hu band of Hunghutze. In 1914, he was acting commander of the 3rd
Division in Heilungkiang. In 1917, he expelled General Pi Kuei-fang, then
Military Governor of Heilungkiang, and succeeded him subsequently, as
acting Military Governor. Later Peking appointed General Pao Kwei-ching
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 337
to be Military Governor of Heilungkiang to succeed General Hsu and Gen-
eral Hsu was transferred to be adviser to General Chang Tso-ling. In
December 1917 he was appointed by the Central government to be aide de
camp of the College of Marshals, Peking, and he held this post for a brief
period. In October 1920 he was conferred the Fifth Order of Merit. In
December 1920 he became commander of the Fengtien troqps in Mukden
and Chief of Staff to General Chang Tso-ling, High Inspecting Commissioner
of Manchuria. During the Chihll-Fengtien War in 1922, General Hsu took
an active part as Commander of one brigade of Cavalry. After the defeat
of Fengtien, General Hsu retired into private life and has been residing in
Tientsin ever since that time.
^
338
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. C* L* Zeen
(Hsu Mon)
Mr. C. . L. Zeen, promoter and director of the China Industrial Train-
ing Works and manager of the Bank of Kiangnan, was born in 1862 in
the village of Hsuyang, Yu Yao, Chekiang. At the age of 14, Mr.
Zeen came to Shanghai to join one of the commercial houses. Although
the studying of English at that time was not so much in vogue as now,
he devoted his spare time to learning this language with a measurable
amount of success. Except for a short time he spent in Chinkiang as
manager of a local firm there, he has spent practically all his time in
Shanghai. In 1882 he became manager of Messrs. Moutrie and Co. Ltd-
In 1911, Mr. Zeen served on the commission for the Nanking Exposi-
tion and attracted world wide attention for his work in planning the
grounds and constructing the roads. During the First Revolution, he
organized the Chapei Volunteer Corps along the same lines as the Shang-
hai Volunteer Corps, of which the Chinese Company was ajso promoted
]
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 339
by Mr. Zeen and his friends. During the Second Revolution when Nantao
saw the havoc of war, he organized relief parties which handled over
10,000 families, housing them under temporary quarters and feeding them
in the extreme heat of the summer. But the outstanding feature of Mr.
Zeen's social welfare work is the promotion and establishment of the Anti-
Kidnapping Society for the relief of women and children who have fallen
into the hands of outlaws. Branch bureaus have been established in Mukden,
Yingkow, and Changchun where most of these unfortunate victims
are shipped to after their capture. Several thousand victims have been
saved by this institution, which maintains a home for these destitutes in
Kiangwan where they are clothed, fed and educated until they are capable
of supporting themselves. In 1913, Mr. Zeen organized the International
Famine Relief Committee. In 1915, he served on the International War
Relief Committee and in 1917 he succeeded in collecting over a million
dollars for the Chihli-Fengtien Famine Relief Commisaion. All in all, he
has participated in over a dozen drives for relief funds, receiving com-
mendatory tablets from practically all the high officials of the nation.
Besides his numerous activities, he is also serving now as a director
of the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce; chairman of the Honan
Famine Relief Society; chairman of the Chi Seng Hospital, Chapei; dir-
ector of second company, Chapei Fire Brigade ; director, Kiangwan Electric
Works; and director, Chinese Ratepayers' Association. For his meritor-
ious service, he has been awarded the Second Class Chiaho Decoration.
^
340
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr- Hsu Shih-chan^
^ tft # '45 « «
(Hsu Shih-chang)
Mr. Hbu Shih-chang, is a native of Tientsin, Chihii Province, and was
born in 1886. He is a brother of ex-President Hsu Shih-chang. While
still a student of the Imperial College of Languages, Peking, he was
appointed as Attache to the Imperial Ck)mmissioners to study financial
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 341
conditions in Belgium. While residing there he took an entrance exaraina-
in 1908. In the spring of 1909 he returned to China. In the same year
he was sent by the Civil Governor of Kirin to investigate commercial
conditions in Belgium. While residing there he took an entrance examina-
tion, and was admitted to the Liege University. He obtained the Degree
of Bachelor of Commerce in 1911. Inn the summer of 1911 Mr. Hsu was
appointed by the Chinese Minister to Italy and the Italian Minister of
Labor and Commerce as Judge to the Turin International Exposition.
Upon the closing of the exposition he was awarded a certificate and medal
by the Italian government. He then left for England, Germany, France,
Switezerland, Holland, Luxembourg and other European countries to make
practical investigations in commercial and railway administration. In 1912
Mr. Hsu returned to China and was appointed a member of the Ministry
of Communications. In November he was made a Junior Clerk assigned
to work in the Trafiic Division of the Railway Department, Ministry of
Communications. In May 1913 he was appointed assistant accountant of
the Lunghai Railway. In July 1914 he became acting assistant director
of the Engineering Administration of the Western Section of the Lunghai
Railway. In July 1915 he was prom>oted to be assistant director, and in
November was awarded an Order of Appreciation by the President for the
prompt completion of the construction work. He was conferred the Fifth
Class Chiaho in May, 1916.
Four months later, Mr. Hsu was appointed assistant managing director
of the Peking-Hankow Railway. In January 1917 he was awarded the
Fourth class Chiaho. In March he was sent to Japan to attend the cele-
bration commemorating the joint China-Japan through traffic arrangements
and also to study the administration of railroads, posts, telegraphs and
navigation. On his return, he was appointed managing director of the
Tientsin-Pukow line. Concurrently, he acted as the Director-General of
the Pu Sing Railway (Pukow S'ngyangchow). In July 1917, he was made
Councillor to tlie Headquarters of the Expeditionary Force. In September
he was appointed a member of the Commission for the Investigation of
Communications and in October he received the second class Paokuang De-
coration. He served as a member of the Committee on the Unification of
Railway Rules and Regulations in November, and a month later was
awarded the Medal of Honor by the Ministry of Communications, and
at the same time received the second class Wen Hu Decoration. In'
March 1918 he was appointed a member of the Joint Commission for
the Prevention of Plague on the Chinese Government Railway and also
acted as Chief of the Plague Prevention Bureau of the Tientsin-Pukow
Railway. In June he was appointed a member of the Traffic Conference,
and received the Honor Certificate from the Ministry of Communications
in August. Two months later he received an Order of Appreciation from
the President. In December he was conferred the second class Tashou
Paokuang Chia Ho. In January 1919 he was specially requested to act as
High Advisor to the Inspector-General of the Yang'tse River and to the
Military Governor of Kiangsu-Province. In the same month he was appointed
Co-Director of the Administration for the Repatriation of Enemy Subjects.
342 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
In February he was requested to act as Adviser to the Civil and Military
Governor of Shantung. For services rendered in connection with the
Plague Prevention Commission he was again given an Order of Appreciation
by the President. In November Mr. Hsu was awarded the second class Tashou
Chia Ho Decoration. In March 1920 he was appointed Director-General
of the Pu-Hsing Railway. At the end of the month he was instructed to
act concurrently as the managing director of the Tientsin-Pukow Railway.
In August 1920 he was appointed Vice- Minister of Communications
and also appointed by the Ministry of Communications to act concur-
rently as Director-General of Railways, Chairman of the Standing Com-
mittee on the Unification of Railway AccountB and Statistics, Dep,uty
Governor of the Bank of Commujiications and Chairman of the Commission
for the study of Freedom of International Transit and Communications.
In December 1920 Mr. Hsu wias ordered to make preparations for the
organization of the Communication University. In January 1921 Mr. Hsu
was conferred the Second Class Tashou Chiaho and appointed to hold con-
currently the post of Director General of the Post. In August 1921 Mr.
Hsu was conferred the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho and in October
the First Class Wenfu. During October-December 1921 he received three
additional appointments, viz: chief the International Communications Bur-
eau; associate director of the Famine Relief Bureau; and director gen-
eral of the currency bureau. In June 1922 Mr. Hsu was relieved of the
directorship of the currency bureau and also vice-directorship of the
Famine Relief Bureau. General Hsu retired to private life in 1922.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
343
Mr. Hsu Shih-ch'ang
Mr. Hsu Shih-ch'ang was born at Tientsin in 1858. He became an
orphan when a youth and was brought up by the late Yuan Chia-san, father
of the late President Yuan Shih-kai. Mr. Hsu was born of a literary
family and was given a good education. He passed through the successive
literary examinations and became a Hanlin or Metropolitan Graduate in
1886. Subsequently Mr. Hsu was appointed a Leader of the Oollege of
Literature. In November 1903 he became Senior Councillor of the Board
of Oimmerce. In June 1904 he was made Probationary Grand Councillor.
One year later he became a Minister of Government Council. In.
October 1905 Mr. Hsu was appointed President of the Board of the
Civil Administration. In February 1906 he was promoted to be a Grand
Councillor of the State. In November 1906 he was removed from the Grand
344 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Council in consequence of certain reform measures which he recommended
to the Throne and which offended the Court. But in January 1907 he was
appointed to accompany Prince Tsai Chen on a Special Mission to Man-
churia. Upon his return to the Capital, he was asked to be the President
of the Board of the Interior. In April 1907, he was appointed Viceroy
of Manchuria, where he stayed until February 1909, when he was recalled
and appointed President of the Board of Communications. Five months
afterwards, he became concurrently the Director-General of the Tientsin-
Pukow Railway. In March 1910 Mr. Hsu was made Assistant Grand
Secretary of the State and Grand Councillor of the State in August 1910'.
In Prince Ching's Cabinet, which was organized in May 1911, he was
given the position of Associate Prime Minister. This office he resigned
shortly afterwards in order to accept the office of the Vice-President of
the Privy Council on November 1, 1911. Although he is a literary man,
Hsu was appointed Chief of the General Staff in December 1911. The
next month he was authorized by an edict to be High Commissioner for
the Emperor, the most honorable position he could ever desire under the
Manchu Dynasty. In February 1912, he was relieved of the office of Chief
of the General Staff. On the resignation of the Prince Regent, President
Hsu was again appointed, together with Shih Hsu, Grand Guardian of the
Emperor. After that First Revolution, Mr. Hsu retired to private life.
Being a "sworn" brother of the late President Yuan Shih-kai, Mr. Hsu
became Secretary of State in May 1914. He served the Republican govern-
ment in that capacity until fend of October that year when he tendered his
resignation. After the First Revolution and the establishment of the Re-
public, Mr. Hsu took a trip to Japan and there he met a number of
prominent Japanese officials. He did not stay there as long as it was ex-
pected because of his sickness Necessitating his early reiturn to China.
Being a "sworn" brother of Yuan Shih-kai, Mr. Hsu could not very well
stay away from politics. In May 1914 he was appointed Secretary of State
in the place of the Prime Minister when Yuan Shih-kai had taken over the
administrative power'. 'Mr. Hsu took leave of absence in October 1915
when Yuan Shih-kai had launched his monarchical movement. Subsequently
Mr. Hsu was given the title of "The Four Friends of Sungshan" by
Yuan Shih-kai who (considered him' as the mountain Sungshan, in
Honan, his own province, and Hsu Shih-ch'ang, Chao Erh-hsun, Li Ching-
hsi and Chang Chien as the other four famous mountains in China'.
In March 1916, at the time when Yuan Shih-kai's movement was about
to fail, Mr. Hsu was again appointed Secretary of St&te. He re-
mained in this position just for one month and was relieved by Marshal
Tuan Chi-jui who became Secretary of State for two rafonths and then
Prime Minister after the death of Yuan Shih-kai. Mr. Hsu retired to
Honan, where his home was, for some time. He returned to Peking in
November 1916 to mediate between the President Li Yuan-hung and the
Premier Tuan Chi-jui. During the unsettled period, 1917-1918, he re-
mained detached from Peking politics, but without losing his influence
over the contending factions. On September 4, 1918, Mr. Hsu, was
elected President of the Republic of China, at a joint meeting of the
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 345
Senate and House of Representatives of the so-called "Tuchuns' Parlia-
ment," by 425 out of 436 vottes. 'Mr. Hsu receivdd the honorary degree
of Doctor of Literature from the University of Paris in 1921. In June
that year he sent Mr. Chu Chichien to represent him on the occasion of
awarding th'.s degree by the authorities of the University at Par'ia. Mr.
Hsu vacated the Presidency on June 1, 1922 and left for Tientsin on the
following day. Ever since that time he has been living in retirement in
his Tientsin home.
*^
=
346
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Ksu Shie-ying
Mr. Hsu Shih-ying was born at Chiu-pu Hsien, Anhui Province, in
1872. He became a Pa Kung or Senior Licentiate in 1897. He began his
official career as a member in the Law Compilation Bureau under the Board
of Justice. In 1908 he became Associate Chief of the High Court of Jus-
tice for the Province of Fengtien. Some time laiter he was transferred
to become the Judicial Commissioner of Shansi. In 1910 Mr. Hsu ac-
companied Mr. George Hsu Chien, then a high Judicial Official in Peking,
to Europe on a special mission to investigate and study judicial conditions
existing in the different European countries. They were also sent to the
United States to attend the Eighth Conference on Prison Reforms. In
the beginning of 1912 Mr. Hsu was in the Secretariat of General Chang
Hsi-luan, then Military Governor of Chihli. In May 1912 he was
appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Peking. In July 1922
he became Minister of Justice. Mr. Hsu resigned from the Minister-
ship in September 1913. In October 1913 he was appointed Civil
WHO'S WHO IN CHLNA 347
Governor of Fengcien. In March 1914 he resigned from this position and
in May 1914 he received the appointment to be Civil Governor of Fukie-n.
In April 1916 Mr. Hsu left Foochow for Peking and a month later he
resigned from the Civil Governorship of Fukien. In June 1916 he was
transferred to be Minister of Communications. In May 1917 Mr. Hsu was
involved in a case in connection with the purchase of cars for the Tien-
tsin-Pukow Railway and he tendered his resignation. In December 1913
Mr. Hsu was conferred the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In
March 1920 he was conferred the Fourth Order of Merit. In September
1921 Mr. Hsu received two appointments: director general of Anhui Famine
Relief and Civil Governor of Anhui. In September 1922 he was conferred
Acting Minister of Justice but he did not take up the appointment. In
January 1923 Mr. Hsu was appointed Director of the Government Aeronautic
Department but owing to opposition from certain military quarters he was
not able to assume office and was officially relieved of this post in November
1923.
^
348
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Hsu Seu- Cheng
!i m m-t-xm
General Hsu Sbn-^heng was born at Hsuchow, Kiangsu province, in
1883. He is a scholar in Chinese history and literature. He studied in
the Peiyang Military College when he was little over twenty years of age.
After graduation he served Tuan Chi-jui in a minor capacity. General
Hsu was a mere clerk to Tuan when the latter was commanding the Sixth
Division of the Imperial Army with headquarters at Nanyuan, south suburb
of Peking. General Hsu's application and industry rapidly won Tuan's
esteem. In December 1908 General Hsu was sent at the recommenda-
tion of Tuan by the government to Japan among the 7th Group of
Chinese students to study in Military Officers' Academy. From this
institution he was graduated in the infantry course in May 1910.
He returned to China and joined Tuan Chi-jui in Hupei where he was
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 349
then commanding trooi^ at Hupei. In 1912 when Tuan Chi-jui came to
Peking to be Minister of War, he followed him hither. First he was a
secretary of the Ministry. In May 1914 General Hsu was made a Lieutenant
General and appointed Vice-Minister of War. This post he held until
June 1915 when he retired with Tuan Chi-jui, being dissatisfied with Yuan
Shih-kai's ambitious movements. In April 1916 when Yuan Shih-kai's
monarchical attempt was nearing failure, Tuan Chi-jui became Secretary
of State again. In June, following the death of Yuan, Tuan became
Prime Minister again, re-establishing the responsible cabinet system,
and General Hsu was appointed Chief Secretary of the Cabinet. In
November 1916 General Hsu resigned from the secretaryship as a
result of a conflict of opium with Ting Shih-to, then Chief Secretary
of President Li Yuan-hung. In the summer of 1917 General Hsu was ap-
pointed Chief of the Administrative Department of the College of Mar-
shals. In July 1917 he rendered valuable service in overthrowing Chang
Hsun's attempt to restore the boy emperor. The campaign was led by
Marshal Tuan Chi-jui. Tuan became Prime Minister in July 1917 and con-
currently Acting Minister of War. In August General Hsu was appointed
Vice Minister of War. Tuan's administration proved disagreeable to many
of the Northern leaders, while the Southern leaders, who had mobilized to
oust Chang Hsun, distrusted Tuan, and declined to recognize his authority.
Finally over the question regarding home peace, Tuan resigned from the
Prime Ministry in November 1917. General Hsu retired with him.
In December 1917 Marshal Tuan was appointed Director-General of the
European War Participation Bureau. In March 1918, General Hsu restored
Tuan to the premiership by coercing President Feng Kuo-chang to issue
the Mandate announcing the appointment of Tuan to head the cabinet
with the troops borrowed from Fengtien. He had appointed himself As-
sistant Commander of these troops. In October 1918 General Hsu was
sent on a special mission to Japan. Previous to this appointment he had
been given the brevet rank of a Full General. In June 1919 General Hsu
was appointed Director General of the Northwestern Frontier Development,
concurrently Director General of Outer Mongolian Affairs and Commander
General of the Northwestern Frontier Defence Forces. In that capacity
he effected the cancellation of the autonomy of Outer Mongolia at the
beginning of 1920. In January 1920 he was awarded the Sectond
Order of Merit. In February 1920 General Hsu was appointed to be
concurrently Director General of the proposed Kalgian-Urga Railway.
Meanwhile the government of North China had remained in the hands
of the so-called Anfu Clique and its many military patrons headed by Tuan
Chi-jui. Public hostility to the government found expression in May 1919
in the students's demonstrations in Peking, which led to the resignation
of Tsao Ju-lin who was held responsible for many of the unpopular Japan-
ese loans that had enabled that Clique to retain office for a long period of
time. In 1920, however, Tuan Chi-jui and his "Anfu" proteges were still
in power, among them was General Hsu. The Chihli and Fengtien Tuchuns
took advantage of public hostility towards the faction in power to force
matters to an issue. The dismissal of General Hsu was demanded by Gen-
eral Wu Pei-fu and General Tsao Kun, the Chihli Tuchun. President Hau
350 WHOS WHO IN CHINA
Shih ch'ang yielded. Then, as the result of the opposition of the "Tuchuns
Parliament" and the Anfu leaders, President Hsu d'smissed Wu Pei-fu and
censured Tsao Kun. These Generals accepted the challenge and in coopera-
tion with General Chang Tso-lin, the Fengtien Tuchun, undertook to sup-
port the government by the forcible removal of the Anfu Party. The
power of the Anfu leaders collapsed after a few engagements. Finally
General Hsu fled for refuge to the Japanes9 Legation, It was about the
last week of July 1920. On July 4, General Hsu was removed from the
Director Generalship of the Northwestern Frontier Development and ap-
pointed a Marshal of the College of Marshals with the two-word special
title "Yuan-Wei." On July 28, the post of Commander General of the North-
western Frontier Defence Forces was abolished and a Mandate was issued
depriving General Hsu of all the honors, appointments and decorations
and ordering his arrest'. General Hsu remained in the Japanese Legation
until November 13, 1920 when the Chinese government was informed by
the Japanese Minister that General Hsu had mysteriously escaped the
previous night. He has remained at large ever since that time. In Octobsr
1922 General Hsu was implicated in the revolt against the Fuklen Tuchun.
Before this he Wrote a book on the subject of How to Run a Government,
in which he suggested a special system. To make a trial of the system he
advocated, General Hsu made use of the occupation troops at Chuan Chow,
Fukien, whose commander-in-Chief was in sympathy with him, and thus
declared independence. But owing to lack of support as indicated by the
fact that no response was made from other quarters his plan failed and he
fled to Japan. Subsequently another Mandate was issued ordering his arrest.
In the autumn of 1924 Mr. Hsu returned to Shanghai and unofficially assisted
the Anfu-Fengtien party in the fighting against Marshal Chi Hsieh-
yuan and the Chihli forces which began on September 1, 1924. Following'
the sudden departure of the Anfu leader Lu Yung-hsiang for Japan, Gen-
eral Hsu attempted to reorganize Lu's defeated troops for a fresh stand
on the borders of the French Settlement but came into conflict with the foreign
authorities, owing to his alleged violation of the settlement regulations
pertaining to the plotting of disorder while residing in the Settlement.
General Hsu was arrested and placed under surveillance but soon after
departed on a trip to Europe. The Chinese government appointed him
Special Commissioner to investigate the economic conditions in Europe.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
351
Mr. Hsu Kwan-nan
^ ^ -^ S iS
Mr. Hsu Kwan-nan, was born at Wucheng, Chekiang Province, in 1867.
At the comparatively young age of 23, he succeeded in passing the second
series of literary examinations, became a Chu Jen (Provincial Graduate),
and was appointed a junior secretary of the Prime Minister. In 1898, he
was given the post of Chief of the Shantung Section of the Board of
Finance. It was while serving in this capacity in the capital that Mr.
Hsu devoted his spare time in establishing the Huai Wen College in Pek-
ing, for which work the Imperial government bestowed upon him the
honor of "Special Commendation by Edict" as a result of the recom-
352 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
mendation made by the then Minister of Education, Sun Chia-nai.
In 1903, Mr. Hsu was appointed Expectant Taotai of Kiangsa. In the
following year, he was given the Brevet Second Rank for his contribution
towards the repair of the Imperial West Garden. Iri 1905, the late Sheng
Kung Pao, as Minister of Railways, took a great deal of interest in him
and obtained the consent of the Peking Administration to have him direct
the railway and mining section of his yamen. In, the same year, the late
Yuan Shih-k'ai recommended to the throne Mr. Hsu's immediate appoint-
ment as a Taotai of the most important circuit on account of the latter's
record in securing funds for the famine relief work in Chihli Province.
This was confirmed by an imperial edict. Following the inauguration of
the Republic, Mr. Hsu devoted most of his time to philanthropic work in
his home province and in Shanghai ; and at the same time took an interest
in industrial development of the country, being organizer of the Nantao
Water Works of Shanghai, of which he is the managing director. The
matter was brought to the attention of the president and in 1916, a com-
mendatory tablet was awarded him by the president. For his work in
raising funds for the International Famine Relief Work, the Third Class
Chiaho was conferred on him in 1920. The next year saw Mr. Hsu acting
as an advisor to the Ministry of Finance, being decorated with the Second
Class Chiaho. In 1922, in recognition of his services in doing relief work
for the Kansu earthquake, the government ordered his records to be filed
with the Cabinet for an early appointment to an important post. Besides
being a director of the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce at Shanghai,
Mr. Hsu is serving on the board of direcitors of many banks in Shanghai.
Chekiang, Canton and Hongkong.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
3S3
Lieut. Commander T. S. Chu
(Hsu Tsu-Shan)
Lieut. Commander T. S. Chu, was born at Wusih, Kiangsu in 1890.
He received his naval education in the Nanking Naval Academy, graduating
from that institution at the head of his class in 1908. Following his
graduation, Commander Chu served in the Chinese Navy on the high seas
for two years. In 1910, he was sent by the government to pursue a course
in naval architecture in the United States. Commander Chu studied at
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where the degree of M. A. in
Naval Architecture was conferred on him in 1915. During the subsequent
354 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
two years he worked in various Navy Yards and Submarine Works as
naval architect. In the winter of 1916, he wrote a book in Chinese on
Submarine Construction, which was published by the Commercial Press,
Shanghai. Early in 1917, Commander Chu was deputed by the Ministry of
Navy to participate in watching the Great European Conflict, being attached
to the Second of the Grand Fleet of Great Britain and the fleets of France
and Italy, visiting practically all the important scenes of war both on land and
on sea. In recognition of his services with the Grand Fleet, the British govern-
ment has conferred on Commander Chu the Disting:uished Service Order,
In the winter of 1918, Commander Chu was appointed Assistant-Naval At-
tache to the Chinese Legation in London. In the following year, he
served on the Committee on Naval Affairs at the Paris Peace Conference.
As one of the commissioners to inspect the autumn manoeuvres of
Japan, Commander Chu went to Japan in the fall of 1919. Upon his re-
turn, he was attached to the Bureau of Naval Affairs of the Ministry of
Navy, with the rank of sectional chief, holding concurrently the office of
special commissioner at Shanghai of the Department of Aeronautics.
In the Spring of 1920, Commander Chu was delegated by the Chinese
government to welcome the Italian Army aviators engaged in the Rome-
to-Tokio flight. In February 1921, he was appointed acting Councillor of
the government Aeronautic Bureau and concurrently chief of the general
affairs department of the same bureau. In December 1922, he was ap-
pointed superintendent of the Kiaochow Customs, which position he is still
holding. He was awarded the Second Class Tashou Chiaho in January
1923.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
355
Hsu Tung-fan
Mr. Hsu Tung-fan was born in Shantung. After graduating from the
Peking Government University, Mr. Hsu went to England and studied at
the University of Birmingham, from which institution he took the degree
of Bachelor of Arts in Political Science and Economics. While in London,
Mr. Hsu did some research work in international law, constitutional law
and economics, at the same time gaining some practical experience in
banking at the famous English house of Lloyds' and in the Belgian Bank.
Proceeding to the Continent, Mr. Hsu took special courses in the Un-
inversities of Zurich and Laussane and during the Versailles Conference,
he did much for the Chinese cause in the way of spreading propaganda
speeches and writing for the newspapers. Upon his return to China, he
was appointed secretary to Chu Ying-kuang, Civil Governor of Shantung
and after Chu retired. General Tien Chung-yu, Chu's successor, made
Hsu his chief foreign secretary, which position he still holds. Mr.
356 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Hsu was attached to the Chinese delegation at Washington as councillor,
at the same time representing the people of Shantung. He delive-
red numerous addresses during his stay in the United States and
made many American friends. In June 1922, Mr. Hau was appointed chief
associate of Dr. C. T. Wang, director-General for the rehabilitation of
Shantung Rights. In the same month, he received the Third Class Tashou
Chiaho. In January 1923, Mr. Hsu was referred to the ministry of foreign
affairs for appointment, and also received the Second Glass Tashou Ghiaho.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
3^7
Dr. Showin Wetzen Hsu
(Hsu Wei-chen)
Dr. Showin Wetzen Hsu was born in Tunghsiang Hsien, Chekiang pro-
vince, in 1881. In 1898 he entered Nanyang College, Shanghai, and after
his graduation he was sent by that College to America for further pur-
suance of study. He arrived there in the spring of 1905 and joined the
Hastings Law School of the University of California. After the San Fran-
cisco earthquake and fire in April, 1906, he went to the University of
Chicago to continue his law studies. In order to specialize in Political
3^8 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Science. International Law and Diplomacy under Dr. Harding, Dr. Wood-
burn and Professor Hershey, he entered the University of Indiana in the
fall of 1908, where he received a law degree the following year.
In the latter part of 1909 Dr. Hsu was recalled by the Ministry of
Communications and was appointed as a legal adviser in the Councillor's
Department. In 1910 he was appointed to the position of a legal adviser
to the Naval Commission. In August he passed successfully the Competi-
tive Examination given to the returned students. In December when the
Ministry of the Navy was established he was appointed the Judicial Officer
of the said Ministry. In 1911 when he took the Palace Examination he
was awarded the M. A. degree and wa<s appointed Secretary of the Minis-
try of Education. In the same year he was appointed by the Ministry of
Communcations as Chief of the Bureau for Foreign Affairs in the Direc-
torate-General of the Chinese Railways. In July when war between Italy
and Turkey broke out he was specially commissioned by the Ministry of
Navy to consult the Ministries for Foreign Affairs and Army to devise
ways and means for China's neutrality. While connected with the
Ministry of Navy he wrote and translated many important works on
Naval Laws and Regulations. In July he was appointed by the Prime
Minister as a member of the Legislative Bureau in the Cabinet.
In 1912 he was appointed by the Ministry of Finance as a member of
the Reorganization Loan Commission. In August he was appointed by the
President, Justice of the Supreme Court of China. In 1913 with the con-
sent of the Supreme Court he was specially invited by the Shanghai Defense
Commissioner to be a legal adviser on International Law and Foreign Af-
fairs. In recognition of his service he was awarded the Fifth Class Wen-
hu Decoration. In 1915 and 1916 Dr. Hsu was awarded the Fourth and
the Third Class Chia-ho Decorations, respectively. In November he was
appointed to act concurrently as a Judge of the High Prize Court. In
July 1918 he was appointed as a Member of the Court of Equity. In Oct-
ober he was awarded by the President the 2nd Class Chiaho Decoration.
In November he was awarded the 2nd Class Wen-hu. In February 1919
Dr. Hsu was appointed Acting Chief Justice of the High Court of Shansi
province. Since 1920, he has been Chief Justice of the High Court of
Justice of Shansi. In January 1920, he received the Third Class Paokuang
Chiaho.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
359
Mr. G. F. Hsu
(Hsu yuan)
Mr. G. F. Hsu was born in Chinkiang, Kiangsu province, in 1873. He
received his preliminary education from I'Ecole Municipal Francaise at
Shanghai. Later, he studied at Nanking Univeralty and Nanyang Tungwen
College, from which he was graduated. After teaching in various schools,
he was appointed by the late Tsing Dynasty a, Sub-magistrate in 1899 and
was later promoted to the rank of prefect. At different times, Mr. Hsu
has held the following positions: English translator of the foreign affairs
bureau of Chekiang; Inspector of the Hangchow Customs; Proctor of the
foreign affairs bureau of Chekiang; English secretary of the Governor of
Shansi; General secretary to the Governor of Kiangsu; Proctor of the
bureau of foreign affairs in Soochow; Diplomatic advisor to the Governor
of Honan; Resident director of the foreign affairs bureau of Honan.
After the establishment of the Republic in 1912, Mr. Hsu became secretary
in charge of foreign affairs of the Tutuh of Honan, and at the same time
360 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
time chief of the foreign affairs bureau of Honan. In June 1913, he was
appointed by the Peking government as commissioner of foreign affairs in
Honan, which position he held for many years. Since May 1920, Mr. Hsu has
been commissioner of foreign affairs in Kiangsu with headquaiters at Shanghai.
In March 1922, he received the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In
February 1922, his name w'as recorded in the Cabinet as an expectant
Minister Plenipotentiary. In April 1923, he was awarded the First Class
Tashou Paokuang Chiaho.
^
WHO^S WHO IN CHINA
361
Mr. Hu Ao-kung
*8 US 4^ ^ rr H
Mr. Hu Ao-kung was born at Chiang-lin Hsien, Hupei Province, in
1885. He graduated from the Ohiang Hsu College, Hupei, High Agricul-
ture College, Peiyang; and High Agriculture College, Kiangsi. While a
student he joined the revolutionary party and played active parts in the
party's movements. During the First Revolution which broke out at Wu-
chang in October 1911, Mr. Hu was one of the commanding officers of the
Hupei Revolutionary Troops. When General Li Yuan-hung was elected
Tutu of the Province of Hupei by the revolutionists, Mr. Hu became Chief
of the General Affairs Department in the Office of the Tutu or Military
Governor. Subsequently Mr. Hu was despatched to the North by General
Li Yuan-hung to organize revolutionary forces of which he was later
elected Commander-in-Chief. After the establishment of the Republic
in 1912 Mr. Hu returned to Hupei and was appointed by the provincial
government the Director of the Bureau for devising means of living for
the Manchus at Chinchow. In 1913 Mr. Hu was elected a member of the
362 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
House of RepresentativeB. After the dissolution of Parliament by Yuan
Shih-kai in January 1914. Mr, Hu returned to Hupei and very soon became
the President of the Chinchow Law College. Later he went to Szechuan
and joined General Ch'en I, then Military Governor of Szechuan. While
in Szechuan he was at different times Secretary to General Ch'en, Prefect
of a Circuit, and Pacification Commissioner. Mr. Hu played an active
part in the Yunnan Uprising against the Yuan Shih-kai monarchiical
movetaenti. The province of Szebhuan was the earliest to declare
independence and to respond to Yunnan's call. In 1917 he was appointed
Prefect of the Chiao-Jen Circuit of K*uangtung but he did not take
up that appointment. In June 1919 he was awarded the Third Class
Chiaho. In April 1921 he was appointed Chief of the Civil Administra-
tion Bureau of Hupei. This position he held for about half a year.
The old Parliament was reconvoked in August 1922, and Mr. Hu took
his seat as member of the House. In December 1922 he was appointed
Vice-Minister of Education. In January 1923 he received the Second Class
Tashou Chiaho. In February 1924 he was officially relieved of the Vice-
Ministership. Mr. Hu is the author of many books among which may be
mentioned The Principles of Agriculture, The Principles of Forestry,
The New Heaven and the New Earth, Literary Works of Ao-Kung,
eto. He is also the managing editor of the magazine called To-day which
strongly advocates the Marxian Theroy, for Mr. Hu himself is a Marxist.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
US
General Hu En-kuang
ig .1 3t ^ ® &
General Hu En-kuang was born at Tientsin in 1874. He graduated
from the Peiyang Military SchooiL At different times Mr. Hu has held
the following positions: Teacher of the Military School at Suiyuan;
Commander of a Mixed Regiment at Suiyuan; Director of the Suiyuan
Military School; Director of the Suiyuan Police Administration; Direc-
tor of the First Military Middle School; at Chingho; Director of the Pao-
ting Arsenal; Director of the Marshal Court for Fukien Province; Com-
mander of the Right Wing of the Fukien Troops; Councillor to the Tu-
chun of Fukien; Military Representative in Peking for the Tuchun of
Fukien; Member of the Councillors' Hall of the Ministry of War; Coun-
cillor to the Military Administrator of Kiangsi; Director of the Depart-
ment of Ammunitions in the Ministry of War; Director of the General
Affairs Department in the Ministry of War. General Hu was appointed to
the last mentioned position in January 1924 and he is still holding it. He
is a Lieutenant General in rank; and has been awarded the Fifth Order of
Merit, the First Class Tashou Chiaho, the Second Class Weoifu, the Second
Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho, and the Second Class Tashou Chiaho.
364
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Hu Han-ming
Mr, Hu Han-ming was born at Fan-yu Hsien, Kuangtung Province, in
1886. His native home is at Shan-ying Hsien, Chekiang. He is one of the
staunchest supporters of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. After having received pre-
liminary education in Canton, General Hu proceeded to Japan to study.
There he made the acquaintance of Dr. Sun, who had been in exile since 1897
with a heavy reward on his head offered by the Manchu House. In 1905
the famous revolutionary party called the Chungkuo Tung-ming-hui was
organized in Japan with its headquarters at Tokyo. This party published a
paper called Ming Pao. General Hu and Mr. Wang Chao-ming were
editors. Sometime afterwards, the Ming Pao was closed down. General
Hu and Mr. Wang went to Singapore where they published another
revolutionary paper called H«(in Wen. Prior to the outbreak of the First
WHO'S WHO IN ACHIN 365
Revolution in October 1911, Hu took a small party of revolutionists to Canton
to get ready for action. Upon the declaration of independence of Kuang-
tung Province following the Wuchang outbreak, October 10th 1911, Gen-
eral Chiang Tsen-kuei was elected Provisional Tutu of that Province. H-e
did not hold this position very long and was finally relieved by General Hu.
In January 1912 Dr. Sun Yat-sen was elected by the National Council
in Nanking to be the Provisional President of the Republic. General Hu
was appointed his Chief-secretary. He was succeeded by General Chen
Chiung-ming as Tutu. On February 15, 1912, Dr. Sun tendered his re-
signation and the National Council elected Yuan Shih-kai the Provisional
President. Dr. Sun returned to Canton and General Hu accompained him.
The Acting Tutu, General Chen Chiung-ming, promptly resigned in
Hu's favor. In July 1912 General Hu was appointed Tutu or Military Gov-
ernor, of Kuangtung. He was previously elected to that post by the
Kuangtung Provincial Assembly. This position he held until June 1913
when he was appointed Commissioner for the Pacification of Tibet. General
Chen Chiung-ming was appointed to succeed him as Tutu of Kuangtung.
The Second Revolution broke out in July 1913. The Peking govern-
ment at once replaced General Ch'en Chiung-ming by General Lung Chi-
kuang who had been hitherto the Deputy-Military Director of Kuangtung.
In response to the revolutionary call which was entirely planned by the
Kuo Ming Tang leaders, Hu supported by General Ch'en Chiung-ming, laun-
ched an attack on the Canton City. They met with success at filrst but
shortly afterwards their forces were overpowered, about the same time the
main base in Kiangsi was clashed by Yuan Shih-kai's forces. Hu like other
Kuo Ming Tang leaders had to take refuge in foreign countries most of
them going to Japan. Since that time and before his return to Shanghai
in the spring of 1916, he secretly travelled between Japan and the South
Sea Islands laying down plans to overthrow Yuan Shih-kai. Upon becom-
ing President in June 1916, to succeed luan Shih-kai, Li Yuan-hung with-
drew all the orders issued by his predecessor depriving the Kuo Ming Tang
leaders of their freedom, and they all returned to China. The dissolution
for the second time of the First Parliament prior to Chang Hsun's monar-
chical attempt In June 1917 and the refusal of the northeffin leaders to
reconvoke it after Chang Hsun's overthrow finally resulted in the
opening of civil strife between the north and the south. In July
1917 the Parliament was convened at Canton, and elected Dr. Sun
the Generalissimo. Hu was following Dr. Sun as his Councillor and
also Secretary. In the following month the Extraordinary Parliament
was convened at Canton, and elected Dr. Sun the Generalissimo. In May
1918 a Military government was established at Canton. Hu was appointed
Chief Secretary of the Executive Council of the government. In the winter of
1919 Dr. Sun and his associates were ousted from power by the Kuan'gsi
faction under General Lu Yuang-ting. Mr. Hu accompanied Dr. Sun to
Shanghai where they remained in 1920. In December 1920 Dr. Sun Yat-
sen, the late Dr. Wu Ting-fang and Tang Shao-i, who had sought refuge
at Shanghai, returned to Canton again and re-established the Constitutional
government. In April 1921 Dr. Sun was elected President of the Southern
366 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
government. Hu became Civil Governor of Kuangtung which position he
held until June 1922 when Dr. Sun was expelled from Canton by Chen
Chiung-ming and he returned to Shanghai again. In January 1923 General
Shen Hung-yin employed by Marshal Wu Pei-fu launched an attack upon
Kuangtung and General Ch'en Chiung-ming evacuated the city after a few
skirmishes and retreated to Huichow. Meanwhile Dr. Sun sent a number of
his followers to take up various posts in Canton after Ch'en Chiung-ming's
expulsion. These functionaries were seized by the invaders and Hu Han-
ming whom Dr. Sun had appointed Civil Governor narrowly escaped execu-
tion at the hands of the Kuangsi men. Dr. Sun regained his position at
Canton in February 1923. Since then Mr. Hu has been given important
positions in the southern government. In September 1924 Dr. Sun upon
his leaving Canton to lead personally an expedition again'st the north ap-
pointed Hu Civil Governor of Kuangtung. On March 18, General Hu was
appointed acting Generalissimo.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
367
Mr. H. Y. Hu
(Hu Hung yu)
Mr. H. Y. Hu was born at Wusih, Kiangsu province, in 1888. He
entered Nanyang College, Shanghai, in 1900, and was graduated from
the Middle School in 1905. Then he took a special course in Industry
and Commerce in the same College, and graduated in 1907. Upon grad-
uation Mr. Hu was awarded a scholarship to study in America. He
entered the Junior Class of the Wharton School of Commerce and FinancQ
of the University of Pennsylvania in January 1908. He was graduated
with the degree of B. S. in 1909 and took an M. A. in 1910 from the
368 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
same University. He left America for Germany in 1911 and studied in
Berlin University for four months. Mr. Hu returned to China in April
1912. Then he became a Professor in the Nanyang Poljiiechnic Institute,
Shanghai, but held that position only for a few months. From August
1912 to December 1913 he was manager of the Nanking branch of the Kiang-
su Bank. From January to April 1914 he was manager of the Wuslh
Branch of the same bank. He joined the Department of Railway Ac-
counts and Statistics, Ministry of Communications, in September 1914;
and was appointed a Member of the Standing Committee on the Unifica-
tion of Railway Accounts and Statistics in July 1917. In May 1918 he
was appointed a Delegate to the Seventh China-Japan Through Traffic
Conference held in Tokyo. He became Chief of the investigation section
and assistant chief of the traffic section of the same Department in January
1919. From January to December 1920 Mr. Hu was a delegate of the Minis-
try of Communications at Paris in connection with the Peace Conference.
In May 1921 he was appointed Chief of the Traffic Section of the Railway
Department. He was appointed Director of the Railway Through Traffic
Administration in February 1923. Mr. Hu has been awarded by the
Government the Second Order of Ta Shou Chiaho and also the Second
Order of Wenfu. His address in 35 An Fu Hutung, West City, Peking.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
369
Mr. Hu I-ku
(Wenfu Yiko Hu)
Mr. Wenfu Yiko Hu was born at Niiigpo, Chekiang province, in 1876.
He received his education in the St. John's College, Shanghai, from 1890
to 1897. He was editor of the St. John's Echo from 1895 to 1897. This
was the first college paper ever published in China. After his gradua-
tion until 1899 Mr. Hu was librarian and Secretary of St. John's College.
In 1899 he left the College and joined the Nanyang College first as an
Instructor in English and later as Dean of the English Department.
In Januarj- 1906 Mr. Hu went to America. He studied law in the
University of California in 1906. From 1906-1908 he was at the Univer-
Bity of Chicago and during 1908-1909 he attended the University of
Illinois, where he took his B. A. in 1908 and LL. B. in 1909. In 1908
370 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Hu edited the "Pocket Chinese and English Dictionary," published
by the Commercial Press Shanghai. Mr. Hu was a member of the Com-
monwealth Club from 1906 to 1908; member of the Reynolds Club from
1907 to 1908; member of the Oratorical Association from 1908 to
1909; and president of the Cosmopolitan Club from 1907 to 1909. He
was also a member of the Law Club of the University of Illinois.
After hig return to China in September 1909, Mr. Hu became Legal
Advisor of the Board of Communications and also member of the Com-
mission for the drawing up of the railway, telegraph, navigation and post
laws. He was Professor of Law in the Inij.'erial University, Peking, from
1909 to 1912. During 1912-1913 Mr. Hu was Dean of Nanyang College
Shanghai. In 1913 he was appointed by the Peking government a Justice
of the Supreme Court. He became a member of the Chinese Law Club
in 1913; member of the Chinese Social and Political Science Association
in 1915. Of the latter mentioned association he later became a member
of the Executive Council. In 1917 Mr. Hu became a member of the
Commission for the Discipline of Judicial OiTicers. When China declared
war on Germany and Austria in August 1917 he was appointed to take up
concurrently the post of Judge of the High Prize Court. In 1918 Mr.
Hu was a;ppointed a Member of the Commission for the E.xamination of
Judicial Officers, this being a concurrent post. In November 1918
he was awarded the Second Class Wenfu, a military decoration. In
the spring of 1919 Mr. Hu was sent by the government as special
delegate to attend the annual meeting of the Philippine Sar As-
sociation. In March that year he received the Third Class Paokuang
Chiaho. In 1920 at the invitation of the Ministries of': Foreign
Affairs and Justice, he became a member of the Commission for
the Study of Judicial Questions. Jn November of that year he was ap-
pointed a member of the Commission for the Examination of Special
Judicial Officers. In March 1921 Mr. Hu was appointed to act as President
of the Commission for the Discipline of Judicial Officers. In June 1922
he was appointed a member of the Commission for the Discipline of High
Civil Officers. In July 1921 he was appointed an acting Chief Justice of
the Supreme Court. In October 1922, Mr. Hu was appointed Acting Pre-
sident of the Commission for the Discipline of Judicial Officers. In
December 1922 he was awarded the Second Class Tashou Chiaho. In
January 1923 he was appointed Chief Justice of the Third Civil C/Ourt of
the Supreme Court, Peking. This position he is still holding.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
371
Mr. Hu Lin
Mr. Hu Lin was born in Szechuan in 1893. He took his early educa-
tion in his home province and while still iu his early twenties received
the degree of Chujen (Master of Arts). Proceeding to Japan, Mr. Hu
studied in the Tokyo University from which he graduated in 1911, taking
the general college course and special course in law and politics.
Returning to China, Mr. Hu made application for admission to the
Bar and successfully passed the examinations. He came to Shanghai and
became editor of the Ta Kung Ho Pao, resigning to become judge of the
Chinkiang branch of the Provincial Court of Kiangsu. Mr. Hu later pro-
ceeded to Peking as special correspondent for a number of Shanghai
372 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
newspapers, acting at the same time as professor in the Government Col-
lege of Law and of several other educational institutions. In 1915, Mr.
Hu went to Kirin in connection with the Sino-Japanese negotiations
about the time the Twenty-One Demands were presented to China with an
ultimatum. He was there appointed chief secretary of the provincial
government attending especially to the administration of foreign affai'rs
and finances. He resigned from Eirin and went to Peking as Counsellor
to the Ministry of Interior which post he gave up again to enter into
journalistic work, becoming editor of I'lmpaitial in Tientsin. In 1918
he went abroad, visiting more than twenty countries and was the only
Chinese newspaper correspondent in Paris during the Peace Conference at
Versailles. He returned in 1920 and organised and edited the newspaper
New Society in Peking and Tientsin. In 1921 Mr. Hu came to Shanghai
and organized the Kuo Wen News Agency, one of the few independent
news and advertising service organizations in China. He is an excellent
linguist who speaks and reads half a dozen languages.
.ae
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
373
Dr. Hu Suh
(Hu Shih)
Mr. Hu Suh was born in Shanghai on December 17, 1891. His fatlier
was a scholar of high attainment and was known for his geographical
researches in northern Manchuria, where he travelled extensively. His
father died when Dr. Hu was only a little over three years old, and he
was brought up by his mother, of whom he often tells his friends that,
though she could not read a single line he wrote;, it is to her alone that
he owes everything. Dr. Hu lived with her at their home in Chih-ki
Hsien, Southern Anhui, until 1904, when he came toi Shanghai. Dr.
Hu began his study of Chinese when he was scarcely three years old.
During his six years' stay in Shanghai he studied at the Mei-chi School,
the Ching Chung School and the Chinese National Institute, founded by
374 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
revolutionary students who in 1907 left Ja])an in a body as a protest
against Japanese policies. Financial dii!icuity compelled him to support
himself by teaching and by editing a revolutionary paper issued every
ten days. In 1910 he passed the government examination for In-
demnity Scholarships and was sent to America, where he first entered
Cornell University as a freshman in the College of Agriculture. Dr.
Hu soon realized that he was not fitted for agricultural work and
that China needed literature and philosophy just as badly as scientific
farming. So after studying! a year and a half in the College of Agric-
culture, he was transferred to the College of Arts and Science, where he
devoted himself to English literature, political science and philosophy.
He was elected to the Phi Beta Kappa Society in 1918 and was awarded
the Hiram Corson Prize for his essay on Robert Browning in the follow-
ing year. After his graduation in 1914, he continued his advanced studies
in philosophy and was given a graduate scholarship at the Sage School
of Philosophy in Cornell University. In 1915 Dr. Hu went to Columbia
University, spent two years there and wrote his doctorate diss3rtation
on "The Development of Logical Methods in Ancient China." It was dur-
ing these two years that he gradually developed his ideas of a radical
reform in Chinese literature. These ideas were afterwards formulated
into an article entitled "Suggestions for the Reform of Chinese Liter-
ature," which was simultaneously published in La Jeunesse and the Chinese
Students Quarterly (January 1917). This article formed the fixst
mainfeisto of the ''literary revolution" and its historical place was
only superceded by another article of his entitled "A Constructive
Revolution in Chinese Literature" (La Jeunesse, April 1918), which
embodied the results of maturer reflection and fruitful experimentation.
Dr. Hu was the first Chinese poet to devote himself to writing poe-
try exclusively in the spoken language. He has published over a hundred
poems in the vulgate which he calls "experimental poefcry." He bi>gan
this poetic experiment in 1916. Since then there has grown upi a school
of "Vulgate Poets" whose contributions are appearing in a number of
periodioals. Since 1917, Dr. Hu has been Profesisor of Philosophy at the
Government University; and in 1922 he became Dean of the Department
of English Literature. "Philosophy", as he is fond of saying, "is my
life work, and literature is my hobby." In 1918 he piibUshed a course
of lectures on the Philosophy of the Mo School. In 1919, he published
another book entitled Outline of Chinese Philosophy, Volume I, and in
1920 another work, Ancient History of China. In January 1922, Dr. Hu
organized and edited a weekly in Peking called the Endeavor. He spent
1923 at Hangchow to recuperate his health. In 1924. he returned to
Peking and again joined the Government Ilnivereity. His Peking address
is 14 Drum Tower, Ti An Ming, Peking.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
375
Mr. Hu Yun
(Y. Hu)
Mr. Y. Hu is a native of Chinkiang and was born in 1884. Prior to
the organization of the China & South Sea Bank, he was manager of the
head office of the Bank of Communications in Peking. At the opening of
South Sea Bank in Shanghai in July 1921, he was made general manager.
Mr. Hu has been largely instrumental in the formation of a banking
alliance with three other well-known Chinese banks: viz., the Yienyieh
Commercial Bank, Kincheng Banking Corporation and the Continental Bank.
The Four Banks' Joint Treasury and the Four Banks' Joint Savings Society
have been organized under his direction. The former controls the issue of
bank notes of the China & South Sea Bank upon a full cash basis, while the
latter follows the pattern of a mutual savings bank whereby the depositors
may share in its profits. He is one of the chief supervisors of the Joint
Treasury and a member of the executive comoiittee of the Joint Savings
376 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Society. Aeide from his interest in the China & South Sea Bank, he
is director of several other Chinese banks; such as the Kincheng Banking
Corporation, the Tacheng Bank in Peking, and the Sinhua Savings Bank and
the Kiangsu Tenyieh Bank
v^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
377
Mr. Charles Ahfook Wong.
(Huang Fu)
Mr. Charles A. Wong, born in Honolulu, received there the rudiments
of education. After graduation from the Hawaii High School, he went
to the United States of America for higher education. Prior to going to
the United States he worked for some time in order to save enough money
to study in an American university. He attended Harvard University
where he graduated with honors. After graduation in 1911 he returned
to Honolulu to work. In 1922 he came to Peking and entered the Chinese
g'overnment service, moved by the patriotic feeling to render service to
his own country. He was appointed a member of the Salt Gabelle in 1913
and assigned to the accounting department. He performed his duties
successfully. At one time an attempt was made by the salt officials to
influence him to make some change in the account book, but he refused to
do s and thus incurred their displeasure. During his stay at Peking he
378 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
was a director of the Y. M. C. A., and made many friends among both the
ChinevSe and foreign residents. At the invitation of his friends in Hon-
olulu in 1916 Mr. Wong returned to the place of his birth and organized
the Chinese American Bank for the sole benefit of overseas Chinese. The
bank which he has promoted and is now managing has been a success. It"
is being patronized by all overseas Chinese in the Territory of Hawaii.
He returned to China in 1920 for a visit.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
379
General Huan^ Fu
M%^ m &
General Ilunng Fu was born at Hangchow, Chekiang province, in 1883.
He was given a thorough education in Chinese during his youth. General
Huang received his military education fiist in the Provincial Military School
of Chekiang; then at the Chun Wu Academy, the Military Preparatory School
Japan; and finally at the Military Survey Academy, Tokyo, where he
graduated with honor in the winter of 19] 0. General Huang returned to
China in 1911. In 1911 the Imperial Ching government planned a big
manoeuvre to be held at Yung Ping Fu, inside Shankaikuan, in October
380 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Huang who was known as he having made many friends among
the revolutionary leaders while he was in Japan, was then sent by the
Peking General Staff as military intelligence agent at Shanghai. Upon
reaching Shanghai, General Huang joined the late General Ch'en Chi-mei
who declared independence at Shanghai with himself as Tutu. General
Huang was his Chief Staff Officer. Besides this post, General Huang held
many other important positions in connection with the First Revolution,
such as Chief Superintendent of the Military Transportation Headquarberss
of t he Revolutionary Force ; Chief Staff Officer to the late Marshal Huang
Hsin, Chief Executive Protemp in Nanking; Civil Governor of Kiangsu;
Commander-in-Chief of the 23rd Division; Director in charge of the dis-
bandment of the revolutionary troops. In the summer of 1913 the Second
Revolutionary broke out against Yuan Shih-kai. General Huang partici-
pated in the capacity of the Chief Staff Officer to General Ch'en Chi-mei
who again made Shanghai a base for the revolutionary movements. Finally
the second Revolution was clashed i)y Yuan Shih-kai's troops. General
Huang, like other revolutionary leaders, whose arrest was ordered by the
Peking government, had to take flight from China. He first went to Japan.
Early in 1914 General Huang went to America, where he remained for one
year after which he went to Singapore where he also stayed for a year.
After the death of Yuan Shih-kai, in June 1916, he returned to China and
accepted the position of the representative of the Chekiang Military Go-
vernor in Peking which position he is still holding. During 1917-1920
General Huang made his home at Tientsin. In the first two years he devoted
his whole energy and time in writing articles regarding what he had seen
and learned during his sojourn in foreign countries. He wrote two books
in Chinese entitled "Lessons from the European War and the Future of
China" and "The World after the War." While residing in Tientsin he
gave a series of lectures on the international questions at the Nanking
College. During the year 1920-21, General Huang was assisting the ex-
President Hsu Shih-chang in writing a book called "China's Finance and
Education after the European War." At the same time he was also a Dir-
ector of the Government Economic Investigation Bureau. In November
1920 he was conferred the Second Class Tashou Chiaho Decoration. In the
summer of 1921 General Huang went to Europe and America on a semi-
official mission to study post-war financial conditions. He was in America
when the Washington Conference was convened in November 1921. The
Peking government appointed him Advisor to the Chinese Delegation while
he was also serving as Hsu Shih-chang's personal representative. Before
the convention of the Washington Conference, he wrote a book on "The
Initiation of the Washington Conference and its Tendencies." What he
had anticipated in this book was realized. General Huang left Washington
before the close of the Conference and went to Europe, where he travelled
for about half a year and then returned to China. In July 1922 General
Huang was conferred the Second Class Weiiliu Decoration and in August he
was made a Chiangchun with the title "Chu-Wei." In September he was
appointed Special Deputy to make preparations for the organization of a
Financial Commission to straighten up the fiscal affairs of the country.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 381
In October he was awarded the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho Decoration.
In February 1923 General Huang was appointed Acting Minister of Foreign
Affairs which position he held only for two months. He received the First
Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho Decoration in the same month. In March
he became concurrently President of the Diplomatic Commission, In Sep-
tember 1923 General Huang was appointed Acting Minister of Education
which position he held until January 1924. Since that time, he devoted
himself in giving lectures in several of the universities in Peking and also
at the headquarters of General Feng Yu-hsiang's troops of Nanyuan, Peking.
In September 1924 General Huang became Minister of Education in Dr. W.
W. Yen's Cabinet. This position he is still holding.
^
382
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Han-Liang Huang
(Huang Han-Hang)
Dr. Han-Liang Huang was born in 189'^ in Amoy, Fukien province, and
received his early education under the old literary system. He began the
study of English in 1910, and entered Tsing Hua College in the spring of
1011 as one of the first group of students. After graduation from Taing
Hwa he was sent by the College to America and studied in the University of
Michigan for two years and Princeton University for two years, receiving
from the latter the degree of Litt. B. in 1915, aftjer which he studied Eco-
nomics in Columbia University 1915-1918, receiving A. M. in 1916 and Ph.
D. in 1918. Dr. Huang returned to China in the winter of 1918 and
WHO'S WEiO IN CHINA 383
has been engaged in the banking business in Shanghai and Manila since he
returned. He was appointed manager of the Ho Hong Bank, Ltd., Hong-
kong in 1923 which position he still holds, Mr. Huang has served as
Director of the Chinese Y. M. C. A. in Shanghai "and Manila and Chairman
of South Chini*"Chapter of Tsing Hua Alumni Association. He is a member
of Princeton Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa. ^
i"^
v5C
384
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Hin Wong
(Huang Hsien-chao)
Mr. Hin Wong was born in Honolulu In 1888, of Cantonese parents.
He graduated from Oahu College, Punahou. in 1907, studied at Columbia
University in New York, 1910-11, and received the degree of B. S. in
Journalism from the School of Journalism, Missouri University, in 1912.
Mr. Wong was for several years an active journalist in Canton,
correspondent of Reuters, China Weekly Review, and other news-
papers and news agencies in the Far East. At times he has also acted ae
correspondent of the Associated Press of America, Associated Newspapers
of America, Chicago Daily News, and other publications and news associations.
He represented China at the World Press Congress in Hawaii in 1921 and
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 385
was made one of the vice-presidents of the Congress and was Canton Press
representative at the Disarmament Conference in Washington 1921-22.
In Canton he was many years editor-in-chief of the Canton Times a,nd
later he founded and first edited the Canton Daily News. He retired from
these publications early in 1923 due to the political unrest. From 1917
to 1920 he was Director of the Intelligence Bureau of the Canton Military
government. Mr. Wong has been several times tried by court-martial at
Canton for his views and in May 1924, opportunity was taken by the Sua
Yat-sen faction to place blame on Mr. Hin Wong for the erroneous report
issued by Reuters that Sun Yat-sen was dead, to imprison him and banish
him from Canton for 10 years. Outside the newspap«!r field, Mr. Wong
is interested in the educational and social welfare activities of Oanton.
He was one time president of Kwangtung College, general superintendent
of the Canton Government Homes for the Blind, Aged, and Infirm, and
honorary inspector of prisons of the Kwangtung Bureau of Justice. Upon
the organization of the Canton Municipality in 1921 he was made chief
of the charity division of the Municipal Department of Education, re-
signing the latter part of the year. He was Boy Scout commissioner of
Kwangtung and honorary inspector of prisons for the Procuratorate-General
of South China. For more than four years Mr. Wong was chairman of the
of the boys work committee of the Canton Y. M. C. A. Mr. Wong married
Miss Chan Hon Ming of Canton in 191.3, and has five children.
^
386
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Hwang Yung-liang
^ ^n ^^ m
(Hung Jung-liang)
Mr. Hwang Yung-liang was born in Wuwei Hsien, Anhwei province.
He studied at the University of Nanking between 1890 and 1896, and
received his degree of A. B. Upon his graduation he was engaged as a
teacher of the University. Between 1897 and 1899 he served as Dean.
In September 1900, Mr. Hwang went to America to pursue higher educa-
tion, and entered Baker University. For three years, he studied liberal
arts, and in 1903 received the degree of A. B. For tiie next two years,
he took post-graduate work at Columbia University. During his stay in
America, Mr. Hwang was well liked by his American associates as was
shown in his election to be a member of Alpha Delta, a signal honor.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 387
In May of 1906 he returned to China, and shortly afterwurds was
appointed by the Chinese governnient a Second Translator of the Chinese
Legation in London. For two years Mr. Hwang worked for the Chinese
Minister in London, and learned muT'h of the diplomatic procedures. Lord
Li Ching-feng, then Chinese Minister to Great Britain, was highly impressed
with his willingness to work and with his diplomatic ability. He recom-
mended to the Foreign Office in Peking that Mr. Hwang be appointed Consul
to New Zealand. For two years, namely 1908-10, he was Consul there. To-
ward the end of 1910 he was promoted to be Consul-General to Australia.
This promotion was considered a great honor in view of the fact that Mr,
Hwang had not been long in the diplomatic service. For three years he
functioned as Consul-General in Australia, and was popular among his dip-
lomatic associates. From 1914 to 1916 Mr. Hwang worked in the Ministry
of Foreign Affairs as an Assistant Secretary. In October 1916 the Laohsi-
kai dispute with the French authorities in Tientsin arose and the case was
very difficult of settlement. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs dispatched Mr.
Hwang to handle this case. He settled the case with credit to himself and
in November 1916 he was appointed Acting Commissioner of Foreign Affairs
for Chihli. In that capacity he was appointed to hold concurrently in
February 1919 the post of Chief of the Bureau for the Administration of
Enemy Subjects and Properties. In March 1919 Mr. Hwang was awarded
the Second Class Tashou Chiaho. In August 1919 he was appointed Com-
missioner of Foreign Affairs for Chihli. In August 1920 Mr. Hwang re-
ceived the Second Class Wenfu. In October 1920 he was appointed Minister
to Austria which position he is still holding. In June 1922 Mr. Hwang
was appointed Chinese representative to the League of Nations. In October
1922 he was given the Third Class Paokuang Chiaho.' In September 1923
he was relieved of the post of Chinese representative to the League of
Nations, remaining as Minister to Austria. Mr. Hwang was given the
Honorary Degree of M. A. by Baker University in 1909. He is honorary
member of the New Zealand Club, Melbourne Club and the Sydney Club.
388
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr* Huang K'ai-wen
rc m %
(Wong Kai-wen)
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 389
Mr. Wong Kai-wen, Grand Master of Ceremonies of the Presidential
Palace, was born at Chiao Ling Hsien, Kwangtung Province, in 1865. He
came to North China for his education and joined the Peking Telegraph
College, where he graduated. After his graduation, he joined the telegraph
service. Gradually he worked his way up and became manager of teleg-
raphs. For many years he held the position of telegraph m'anager in
different provinces. In 1907 Mr. Wong was appointed by President Hsu
Shih-chang, who was then Viceroy of Manchuria, to be Industrial Taotai
of the Fengtien Province. In that capacity he introduced many industrial
refonns. It was he who first suggested to the then Vicerqy Hsu the im-
portance of the promulgation of mining laws. Asa result of his suggestion,
Viceroy Hsu recommended to the Throne that mining laws be promul-
gated. In a few months the mining laws were published by Edict. In
1910 Mr. Wong was appointed managing director of the Tao Ching Railway.
In 191 1 he became Taotai of Han Huang Teh Circuit of the Hupeh Province
and concurrently acted as Superintendent of the Customs in Hankow. At
the same time he was Director of Commercial and Military affairs of Hupeh,
and Director General of the Tung Cheng Railway. He held all these official
posts until 1913. In 1914 Mr. Wong was appointed Grand Master of Ce-
remonies of the President's Office to succeed Alf'ed Sze, who became
Chinese Minister to the Court of Sd. James.. Mr. Wong is still holding
the position. He has served five Presidents with satisfaction, namely,
President Yuan Shih-kai, President Li Yuan-hung, and President Feng Kuo-
chang. President Hsu Shih-chang, and President Tsao Kun. In January 1919
Mr. Wong wa?^ awarded the Second Class Wenfu; in December 1919, the
Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho, in February 1921 the First Class
Wenfu; and in October 1922 the Fifth Order of Merit.
^
390
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Y. C. Whang.
(Huang Tsau-hsi)
Mr. Y. C. Whang, was born at Min Hou Hsien, Fukien province, in 1874.
He studied at Queen's College, Hongkong. Directly after leaving school
in 1892 he worked in the Traffic Department of the Tientsin-Shanhiikwan
Railway and in 1901 he was transferred to the Railway Administration as
translator. In 1907 he was appointed Chinese Auditor of the same line and
in 1911 he was appointed Chief of the Statistical Division concurrently.
After the establishment of the Republic, he was transferred to the Min-
istry of Communications, and has since held various responsible positions,
such as a member of the Unification of Accounts and Statistics Commis-
sion and Chief of the Traffic and Transportation Section. In 1915 he was
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 391
appointed Assistant Director of the Railway Department. In the middle of
August 1916, he was appointed Senior Clerk of the Ministry. He went to
Japan in 1917 under Ministerial Order to attend the fifth China-Japan
Through Traffic Conference as a delegate. In the same year he was detached
to the Peking Mukden Line as Chief of the General Affairs Department.
During Chang Hsun's Monarchical movement he volunteered his service in
the Republican army and was appointed by General Tuan Chi-iui, to assist
in the work of the Department of Communications of the Republican
forces. Mr. Whang was then holding concurrently the position of Chief
of General Affairs Department of the Peking-Mukden Railway. It was at
this critical moment that he, in cooperation with Dr. C. C. Wang, then Di-
rector of the Peking-Mukden Railway, rendered perhaps the most valuable
service to the Republican cause in preventing the Southward movement
of the Monarchical troops from Manchuria by suddenly cutting off the sup-
ply of cars outside of Shanhaikwan. In recognition of the services rendered
in this campaign he was given the iirst class Golden, Decoration of the
Ministry of War. Immediately after^the defeat of Chang Hsun, he was
appointed Assistant Councillor of the Ministry of Communications.
In 1918 he took an active part in the work of the Plague Prevention
Commission. Later, he was appointed Director of the East section of the
Lung Hai Railway. During his term of office on this line, Mr. Whang
made a thorough investigation of the conditions of the intricate Likiu sys-
tem which was strangling the business of the operating section of the Lung-
Hai Line, and suggested a series of effective remedies to the Central
government. In January 1919 Mr. Whang was appointed to be concurrent-
ly Chief of the Railway Through-Traffic Bureau and Acting Director of the
Department of Railways. In the same month he received another concurrent
position, as Vice-Chairman of the Commission on the Codification of Rail-
way Laws. Mr. Whang was awarded the Second Class Chiaho in March
1919 and the Second Class Wenfu in April 1919. In June 1919 he was ap-
pointed Director of the Department of Railways. In December 1919 he
was appointed concurrently Director General of the Hankow-Canton-Sze-
chuan Railway. In January 1920 Mr. Whang was given the Second Class
Paokuang Chiaho. In February 1920 he was appointed concurrently the
Assistant Chief of the Loans Bureau of the Ministry of Communications.
392
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Huang Yen-pe'i,
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 393
Mr. Huang Yen-p'ei was born at Shanghai in 1879. He was graduated
from Nanyang College, and then went to Japan to study and specialized in
education. During the First Revolution — 1911-12, he was Chief of the
Educational Bureau under the Tutu of Kiangsu. In 1914 he resigned from
this post and subsequently took a special trip to investigate the educational
conditions existing in the different Yangtze provinces. While travelling he
acted as special correspondent of the Shun Pao of Shanghai. In 1915 he
went to America to study the industrial conditions in the capacity of Sec-
retary to the Chinese Industrial Mission. After the death of Yuan Shih-
kai in June 1916, Mr. Huang wrote an article called "Nine Lessons" which
'acquired a national fame for the writer. For many years Mr. Huang has
been vice-chairman of the Kiangsu Provincial Education Association;
Chairman of the China Vocational Education Association; and Member of
Kiangsu Provincial Assembly. In December 1921 Mr. Huang was appointed
Minister of Education but he did not accept the office. He was re-
appointed Min'ster of Education in June 1922 in Dr. W. W. Yen's Cabinet.
But he declined again. In January 1923 Mr. Huang was appointed a
Member of the Educational Sinking Fund Commission. He has received the
Second Class Chiaho Decoration.
.^
394
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Willam Hung
(Hung Yeh)
Mr. William Hung was barn at Foochow, Fukien Province, in 1893.
At the age of 22, he graduated from the Anglo-Chinese College in hiis
native city, remaining a^ instructor the following year. In 1916, Mr.
Hung went to the United States entering Ohio W«sleyan University from
which he received an A. B. degree in 1917. In 1919 he was given his
A. M. at Columbia University and in 1920 he became a Bachelor of Divin-
ity at the Union Theological Seminary in New York. During 1921-22 he was
Chinese secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Epis-
copal Church, at the same tira,'e lecturing extensively throughout America
under the management of the Lyceum and Chautauqua organizations. In
1922, Mr. Hung was Horizon Lecturer at De Pauw University, during v/h'icja
period he was appointed assistant professor of history of Peking University.
The following year, he became acting hsad of the histlsry depiartment of
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 395
latter University. Mr, Hung is a member of the Civic Club, Clergy Club,
China Society of America, and Phi Beta Kappa in New York City, and of
the American Historical Association, Washington, and the Gesellschaft fur
Kirchengeschichte, Berlin- Friedenau.
oe
396
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. I Tsung-k'uei
Mr. I Tsung-k'uei was born at Hsiang-tan Hsien, Hunan province, in
1875. He was poor but was anxious to educate himself and fin-
ally became a learned man. . After his return to China Mr. I took up
teaching work at several schools and colleges in Changsha, Hunan province.
In 1909 Mr. I was sent by his province to Peking to join the People's
Delegation tfrging the opening of a parliament. Subsequently he was ap-
pointed a Member of the Constitutional Council. He was prominent in the
impeachment of Prince Ching. Mr. 1 was connected with the revolution
started by Tang Tsai-tsang. On the failure of Kang Yu-wei's reform'
scheme in 1898, M!r. I retired into seclusion and wrote several volumes on
the subject of Reforms, until the time when schools were started every-
where v/hen he took up teaching. In 1904 Mj*. I went to Japan to study.
While in Japan he edited a revolutionary periodical. It was at this time
he joined the Kuomingtang. In 1912, the First Year of the Republic, Mr.
I was appointed Compiler of the Law Compilation Office under the Cabinet.
In 1913 he was elected a Member of the House of Representatives,
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 397
representing Mongolia, and when Yuan Shih-kai proscribed the Kuom-
ingtang as a seditious organization and in November 1913 unseated
all members of the two House belonging to that Party. Mir. I then went
south. This Parliament was reconvoked by Li Yuan-hung in June
1916 following the death of Yuan Shih-kai. Mr. I took his seat in
Parliament, and remained until June 1917 when it was again dissolved.
In < June 1919 Mr. I was awarded the Third Class Chiaho and in -January
1920 the Third Class Wenfu. In February 1920 he was appointed Coun-
cillor of the Government Economic Bureau. In February 1921 he received
the Second Class Chiaho. In August 1922 the Old Parliament of which Mr.
I was relieved of the councillor post to become a Member of the House of
Representatives. In October 1922 Mt. I was awarded the Second Class
Tashou Chiaho and in January 1923 the Second Class Wenfu. In April
1923 he was appointed Chief of the Law Compilation Bureau in the Cabinet.
This position he is still holding.
^
398
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Loe Men Len
(Jao Meng-jen)
Dr. Loe Men Len was born at Nanchang Hsien, Kiangsi province, in
1882. When a mere youth he was noted as a scholar. At the age of 13
he became a Licentiate. In 1902 he passed the Provincial Competitive Ex-
amination winning the degree of Chu Jen and in the year following he be-
came a Metropolitan Graduate of Chih Shih which is equivalent to Ph.D.
Subsequently Dr. Loe was made Junior Secretary of the Board of Works
holding the rank of Taotai. In 1903 he was sent first to Japan and then
to England to study Law. He graduated with the degree of B. A. from
Lincoln's Inn and London University. Before returning to China, Dr.
Loe served as Third Councillor to the Chinese Legation in London.
Upon his return to China he attended the Examination by the Board
of Education and obtained the honorary degree of Han-lin Compiler. The
first appointment Dr. Loe received then was Second Class Secretary to the
Board of War. Very soon he was promoted to be Senior Secretary of the
WHOS WHO IN CHINA 399
same Board. Sometime afterwards he was transferred to the Law Depart-
ment of the Imperial Chancery or Cabinet, first as a Sectional Chief and
then as a Councillor. Following the outbreak of the First Revolution in
October 1911, Dr. Loe was elected a senator of the Nanking Provisional:
Assembly. In 1912 Dr. Loe became Secretary to the President. During
Yuan Shih-kai's term, he held many positions as in the Compilation Bureau
in the Cabinet, Councillor of the Law Bureau in the State Department,
Assistant Examiner of the Magistrate Examination, and Legal Councillor to
the President.
^
400
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. C. P. Yin
(Jen Chuan-pang)
Mr. C. P. Yin was born at Wukiang Hsien Kiangsu province in 1878.
After receiving his Chinese education he went to Japan where he studied
at the Commercial School in Tokyo until 1906. In March 1906 Mr. Yin went
to America as a government student. He entered the University of Illinois
and took the Railway Administration course, and was graduated with the
degree of A. B. in 1911. He returned to China in December 1911.
During 1912 Mr. Yin was advisor on foreign affairs to the late General
Lan Tien-wei, a Kuomingtang military leader. In 1913 he was appointed
a Member of the Commission on the Unification of Railway Accounts and
Statistics of the Ministry of Communications. He became Technical Expert
of the same Ministry in 1914. In 191G he was given the concurrent pos-
ition of acting secretary. In May 1916 Mr. Yin was appointed managing
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 401
director of the Peking- Suiyuan Railway and in May 1917 he was promoted
to the position of managing director of the same Railw^ay. In June 1917
Mr, Yin was appointed managing director of the Shanghai-Nanking and
Shanghai-Hangchow-Ningpo Railways. In February 1919 he was awarded
the Third Order of Chiaho for services rendered in connection with Pla^e
Prevention. In November 1919, at the recommendation of the Defence
Commissioner of Sungkiang and Shanghai, his name was recorded as one
eligible for appointment by the President in recognition of his services
in connection with the Repatriation of Enemy Subjects. In January 1920
he was awarded the Second Order of Wenfu for services rendered in con-
nection with particiption in the World War. In August 1920 Mr. Yin was
transferred and appointed Member of the Councillors' Department of the
Ministry of Communications. He wa^, however, reappointed managing
director of the Shanghai-Nanking, Shanghai-Hangchow-Ningpo Railways in
June 1921 which position he is still holding. In June 1922 Mr. Yin re-
ceived the Second Order of Chiaho.
^
402
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. K'ang Yu-wei,
m ^ ^ ^ S ^
Mr. K'ang Yu-wei was born at Nan-Hai Hsien, Kuangtung province, in
1856. He became a provincial graduate in 1893 and a Metropolitan Grad-
uate in 1895. The famous school called Wan Mu Tsao Tang at Canton was
founded by Mr. K'ang and was the place where he taught a large number
of Chinese scholars from all over the land. Among those who later became
distinguished are Mr. Liang Chi-chiao, the late Hsu Chin and the late T'ang
Chu-teng. Mr. Kang Yu-wei is a well-known reformer, having started his
campaign in favor of reform in the South during the Sino-Japanese war
in 1894-95 by means of leaflets and lectures. He petitioned the Imperial
government advising it not to mako peace with Japan and suggesting
immediate reforms. On June 14, 1898, he received an audience from the
late Emperor Kwang Hsu on the recommendation of Weng T'ung-ho, the
Imperial Tutu. He at once obtained strong influence over the Emperor,
whose famous reform decrees of 1898 were inspired by him. A plot to
prevent the Empress Dowager from actively interfering in politics laid
by Kang Yu-wei and his followers was reported to the Empress Dowa(ger
by Yuan Shih-kai, then Viceroy of Chihli. who was prompted to do so through
fear of losing his own power should Ka,ng's party became predominant.
WHO'S WHO IN ACHIN 403
In consequence, Mr. Kang was proscribed and ordered to be decapitated
when the Empress Dowager effected her coup d'etat to save herself. For-
tunately Mr. K'ang escaped and resided abroad for many years, principally
in America and Japan. During this period, he traveled extensively in
many countries, accompanied by his daughter, now Mrs. Lo Chang,
the poetess. Mr. K'ang returned to China after the overthrow of the Manchu
government and the establishment of the Republic. Through the encour-
agement of the late Yuan Shih-kai, he founded the society for the worship
of Confucius. He has been a persistent advocate of the adoption of Con-
fucianism as the state religion of China. One of his ambitions has been
the restoration of the Manchus to the Throne. He played an important
part in General Chang Hsun's movement to reovown the dethroned
Enperor in July of 1917. On July 1, the first day of the restora-
tion. Mr. K'ang was appointed vice-presdent of the House of Peers.
Chang's forces collapsed on July 12, and Mr. K'ang fled to the Am-
erican Legation for refuge on the following day. Subsequently he was
ordered to be arrested by the Republican government. In December 1917,
Mr. K'ang effected his escape to Tientsin. In March 1918 he was granted
an amnesty by a Presidential mandate, cancelling the order for his arresti
Mr. K'ang's writings are widely read by Chinese scholars. Recently, he
has been devoting all of his time to advocating the adoption of Confuci-
anism as the State religion and a Coneifcutional Monarchy instead of the
Republic.
^
404
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Kao En-hung
Mr. Kao En-hung was born at P'eng Hai Hsien, Shantung Province, in
1875. He studied in the Temple Hill College, Chefoo. He completed his
studies at King's College, London, where he remained for six years. Re-
turning he was first attached to the Chinese Amban in Tibet from 1907 to
1909. He was next appointed Secretary to ex-President Hsu Shih-chang
who was at that time directlor-general of the Tientsin- Puko!w Railway.
Later he became secretary to the Governor of Mukden, who was no other
than Mr. Tang Shao-yi. In 1910 Mr. Kao was transferred to the Board of
Communications, then known as Yuchuan Pu, and in 1912 he was appointed
secretary to the Szechuan-Hankow Railway Administration and concurrently
director of the telegraph office in Hankow. In 1914 Mr. Kao was made
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 405
director of the Szechuan-Tibet Telegraph Administration, with headquarters
at Chengtu, and in 1916 he was appointed director of the Department of
Telegraph Materials in Shanghai. In September 1920 Mr. Kao was given
the concurrent position of a member of the Counselor's Hall in the Minis-
try of Communications. In February 1921 he was awarded the Third Order
of Chiaho. In May 1922 Mr. Kao was appointed Acting Minister of Com-
munications. In June 1922 he was ordered to act concurrently as Minister
of Education. In July 1922 he received the First Order of Tashou Chiaho,
and in October 1922 the First Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. He held
the post of Acting Minister of Communications until January 1923 when he
retired to private life. Mr. Kao's name has been registered as candidate
for the post of Minister Plenipotentiary to a foreign country. In March
1924, Mr. Kao was appointed Director General of the Administration of
Kiaochow Trading area. Owing to Mr. Kao's close affiliation with the
Chihli party, he was dismissed from his position late in 1924, when the
Chihli forces were defeated by the Anfu-Fengtien faction, in the war
which began September 1, 1924. In December he was kidnapped by the
militarists and since that time has been detained in Tsinanfu, the capital
of Shantung province, and Tientsin. Early in 1925 he was offered his
release but refused to accept without an apology and a statement from
the Peking government, completely exonerating him from any charge of
misconduct while in office as Governor of the Tsingtao Special Adminis-
trative Area.
^
406
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Kao Lin-wei
Mj-. Kao Lin-wei, Was born at Tientsin, Chihli, in 1869. In 1869 he
succeessfuUy passed the literary examinations and was afterwards assigned
to the province lof Hupeh for official appointment. He was sub-director of
the High School of the Chin Hsin College, and superintendent of the Milit-
ary Academy in Hupeh. Later he became director of the Hupeh Govern-
ment Mint. While holding the position of Viceroy of Hunan and Hupeh,
Chang Chih-tang ordered the establishment of an arsenal, industrial plants
and copper and silver mints, and also encouraged the establishment of
learning in his territory. Mr. Kao participated in all these activities to
the satisfaction of the great Viceroy. In 1906 he was promoted to be
commissioner of education in Hupeh, It was at a time when the Central
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 407
government tried to concentrate power in Peking and local finances were
consequently stringent and the fund for education became very scant. In
such circumstances Mr. Kao accepted the new appointment. But in a
few months he was able to increase the number of schools in that province
by ten and find the necessary funds for the purpose. In 1909 Mj, Kao
was promoted to be provincial treasurer, a very high provincial appoint-
ment at that time. After serving in that important capacity for sometime,
one of his parents died, and according to the ancient custom, he had to
retire from oflicial duties for three years. Then came the first revolution in
1911, and Mr. Kao went to Tientsin to continue living in retirement. During
his retirement in Tientsin, at the request of his friends, he did all he could
to direct the organization of banks along modern lines in the different parts
of the country. In August 1913 Mr. Kao, was appointed Acting Chief of
the Financial Bureau of Chihli. In September 1913 he was ordered to act
concurrently as Chief of the Preparation Bureau for the Collection of Na-
tional Taxes in Chihli. He was relieved of these two posts in April 1914,
In 1915 Mr. Kao was High Advisor to the Office of the Tuchun of the Three
Eastern Provinces. In August 1917, a new Parliament was convened and
Mr. Kao was a member of it from Chihli. In August 1920 M.T. Kao was
appointed Vice-Minister of Agriculture and Commerce. In January 1921
he received the Second Class Tashou Chiaho. In July 1921 he was ap-
pointed Vice-President of the Bank of Agriculture and Commerce. In
October 1921, he was appointed Minister of Finance and was awarded the
First Class Tashou Chiaho. In November 1921 he was ordered to be con-
currently Director General of the Currency Bureau and also Director
General of the Salt Adminstratiofn. In December 1921 he was transferred
to be Minister of the Interior. In this capacity he served iin January
1922 the following concurrent positions: Director-General of Famine Re-
lief; Director General of the Metropolitan Municipal Administration; and
President of the Yangtze River Coin'mission. In March 1922 Mr. Kao was
awarded the First Class Wenfu. In May 1922 he was ordered to act con-
currently as Minister of Comimunications. This acting post he only held
fbr half a month. In June 12, 1922 Mr. Kao was relieved of the portfolio
of the Interior. On the 18th of the same m^onth he was appointed Civil
Governor of Chihli. But he did not assume office and on the 24th he was
relieved of the po^ of governor. In Augu^ 1922 he was appointed
Acting Minister of Finance. In September he was transferred to be Acting
Minister of Agriculture and C-ommerce. In October 1922 Mr. Kao was
given the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In November 1922 he was
transferred to be Acting Minister of the Interior. In January 1923 he was
appointed Minister of the Interior. In February he was ordered to hold
concurrently the Presidency of the Yangtze River Com'mission. In October
1923 Mr. Kao was appointed to act as Premier. This position he held until
January 1924, when he was appointed Director General of the Customs
Administration to succeed Mr. Sun Pao-chi, who had been appointed
Premier.
408
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Kao Lu
Mr. Kao Lu was born at Chang Le Hsien, Fukien Province, in 1881.
He was graduated from the Naval Architecture Department of the Naval
Academy at the Foochow Naval Dockyard. After graduation Mr. Kao worked
for three years in railway survey and construction and then went to Belgium
as a government student. He studied in the University of Brussels and
was graduated from there with the degree of B. Sc. From Belgium Mr.
Kao went to Germany and France. In both of these countries he was ad-
mitted to a number of factories where he received much practical training.
He spent altogether nine years in Europe. While in France, Mr. Kao
wrote a book on aviation and aircraft. Mr. Kao returned to China in 1911.
He arrived at Canton in November just in time to join the revolutionary
activities as he was a Kuo-ming-tang member. He was immediately en-
gaged by the Canton Provincial government to plan an air fleet. In January
1912 the Provisional government in Nanking appointed Mr. Kao a Secret-
i^rt-
WHO^S WHO IN CHINA 409
ary to President Sun Yat-sen. After a permanent government was estab-
lished in Peking, he became Director of the Cadastral Department in the
Ministry of the Interior, In 1913 upon the recommendation of the Ministry
of Education Mr. Kao was appointed Director of the Government Observa-
tory in Peking. In that capacity he introduced scientific methods regarding
operation and also publications of the observations. Since his time the
Observatory has been publishing a Year Book and a monthly meterological
magazine. In 1920 Mr. Kao again visited Europe to study the progress of
modern science. Subsequently the Ministry of Education appointed him
Director of the Educational Mission in Europe. In February 1921 Mr.
Kao received the Second Class Pao-Kuang Chiaho. In February 1922 he
was recalled to China and resumed the directorships of the Peking Ob-
servatory, which position he is still holding. Mr. Kao is president of the
Chinese Astromomical Institution; and author of The Principle of Einstein's
Theory of Relativity, and Absolute Integral Calculus.
^
410
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Ko Tai-hong
(Kao Ta-fang)
Dr. T. H. Ko was born at Chang-chow, Fukien Province in 1877. He
received his elementary and advanced education at home, and then studied
medical science in the Siokhe Hiospital, Siokhe, and the Hope's Hospital,
Kulangsoo, Amoy, of which the late John Otte, M. D., one of the foremost
physicians in Fukien, was superintendent. Dr. Ko was graduated with first
honors in 1899 in science and has practiced both in Changchow and Amoy.
Beside his professional pursuits, he is prominent in social and business
activities, especially in Christian movements. It was largely his efforts
and assistance that led to the establishment of the Chinese Christian Church
in Changchow, the first Church in Fukien Province established and support-
ed by Chinese. Among the numerous positions he holds at present may be
mentioned: President of the Chinese Christian Church, Changchow; member
of the committee of the General Chamber of Commerce in Amoy; Advisor
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 411
to the Ck)inmercial and Industrial Bank, and the Nitaka Bank; vice-director
of the Amoy Canning Company; Director of the Lamfong Drug Co., Amoy,
and the Lamaon Dispensary, Changchow; member of the Committee of the
City Y. M. C. A., Amoy; and a member of the Board of Trustees of the-
Girls Public School, Amoy.
^
412
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Ku Chung'hsin
Mr. Ku Chung-hsin was born at Ting Hsien, Chihli Province, in 1874.
He studied Chinese under the famous literate Wu Ju-lung, ,the founder of
the Tung-ch'eng School. In 1900 Mr. Ku attended the Chihli Provincial
Examination granted by Imperial Grace, and came out first on the list, re-
ceiving the title of Yu Kung or Senior Licentiate thus qualifying to be
admitted to the metropolitan competition. Having passed the metropolitan
examination he was given the qualification to be a magistrate. However,
he did not take up any magistrate's post because soon after he entered the
Imperial University of Peking. In 1901 Dr. Ku went to Japan to study in
Waseda University where he was later graduated. Upon his return to
China he became a teacher In the High Normal School of Chihli. Sub-
sequently Mr. Ku became the private secretary to Governor Tseng of Chihli
where he rendered great assistance in establishing not less than eight
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 413
courts. After the outbreak of the first Revolution in October 1911, Mr.
Ku represented the-Chihli Provincial Assembly, then known as Tze-i-chu,
at Wuchang and Nanking to assist in the organization of the new govern-
ment. He was on the committee to draft the Provisional Constitution. He
wae also a member of the National Council in Nanking which elected Dr.
Sun Yat-.sen as the Provisional President. On the Manchu abdication in
February 1912, Sun Yat-sen resigned in favor of Yuan Shih-kai, who
accepted the Provisional Constitution drawn up by the National Council at
Nanking. The Council was then transferred to Peking to act as the Legis-
lature until the inauguration of the new, two-chamber National Assembly.
The Parliament or National Assembly was formally inaugurated in April
1913. Mr. Ku was a member of the Lower House and also on the Consti-
tution Drafting Committee. In January 1924 the National Assembly was
dissolved by Yuan Shih-kai who had previously proscribed the Kuomintang
as a seditious organization, unseated all the members of the two Houses
belonging to that Party, thereby depriving the Legislatiire .of a legal qu-
orum. Mr. Ku, being a prominent Kuomintang member, fled to Shanghai
the winter of 1913 and at once started the magazine True Opinion and
the daily paper Chung Hua Hsin Pao to oppose Yuan Shih-kai. In Peking,
two years of absolute rule by Yuan Shih-kai followed and then his monar-
chical project was launched. However, in December 1915 a revolt,
organized by the late General Tsao Ao, broke out in Yunnan. Mr. Ku was
appointed the official representative at Shanghai for the revolting
organization, in which capacity he rendered no small service in overthrowing
Yuan Shih-kai. Yuan Shih-kai died in June 1916 and Li Yuan-hung be-
came President. In July Mr. Ku was appointed Minister of Agriculture and
Commerce in Marshal Tuan Chi-jui's Cabinet. At the same time he was
appointed Director- General of the National Conservancy Bureau. In June
1917 he resigned from the ministership. In August 1922 Old Parliament
was reconvoked and Mr. Ku became an M. P. again. In December he, was
awarded the First Order of Tashou Chiaho. In February 1923 Air. Ku was
appointed Director General of the Bureau for the Preparation of Redeeming
Railway. Mr. Ku is noted for his scholastic ability, having written many
books among which are: "Essays on Politics" in 20 volumes, "Some As-
pects on the Development of Agriculture and Commerce" in one volume,
"Ku's Bassays and Poems", "Explanations on the Constitutions drafted in
the Temple of Heaven," and "A History on the Infanthood of the China
Republic."
wmtHmmgmmtm
414
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Vi-tsing Koo
(Ku Wei-ching)
Mr. Vi-tsing Koo was born at Wusih, Kiangsu, in 188S. After obtain-
ing his Chinese education under private tutorship in his native city, he
entered Nanyang College, Shanghai, in 1907. On graduation from that
College he succeeded in passing a competitive examination and was sent
by the government to the United States to pursue higher education. Upon
his arrival in America, he studied electrical engineering in the University
of Illinois. After receiving the degrje of B. S. from that University, Mr.
Koo went to the East to continue etudy in the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology from which he received the degree of Master of Science. He
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 415
was also awarded the degree of M. S. by Harvard University. It was
during his study at the Institute of Technology that he perfected a hydraulic
microphone. Mr. Koo returned to China in 1916 and was immediately given
a professorship at Conservancy College, Nanking, which position he retained
until he was called to take u,p a similar position by his Alma Mater,
Nanyang College (now Nanyang University) in 1917. In 1919 Mr, Koo was
Chief Engineer of the Yu Foong Cotton Mill at Cheng ChoW, Honan. He
resigned from that position in 1922 and went to the Chiao Tung University
at Peking to be the Director of Business and at t he same time Head of the
Radio Engineering Department. In the summer of 1923, his service in his
Alma Mater was again needed and he was then appointed Dean of the
University, which position he is now holding. Besides the school in his
Alma Mater, Mr. Koo is also chief engineer of Yao Ming Lighting Plant at
his native city, Wusih.
^
416
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Vi-kyuinWellinglon Koo
mmm^'jf ni
(Ku Wei-chun)
Dr. Wellington Koo was born at Shanghai in 1887. From 1899 to 1900
Ije studied at the Anglo-Chinese Ck)llege, Shanghai; at the Yu Tsai School
from 1900 to 1901; and at the St. John's University from 1901 to 1904.
While at the St. John's he was editor of the Dragon. Dr. Koo went to
America in October 1904. He prepared for college at Cook Academy dur-
ing 1904-1905. At Columbia University he studied Liberal Arts from 1905
to 1908 and Political Science from 1908 to 1912. He received the degree
of A. B. in 1908; A. M. in 1909; and Ph. D. in 1912. While in America
Dr. Koo was a member of the American Society of International Law and
of the American Political Science Association. He was elected to the
Nacoms, the Blue Pencil, and Delta Epsilon Rho societies in 1911. He was
the recipient of the Philoleecean Literary Prize, the Columbia-Cornell
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
417
Debating Medal, and a member of the Varsity Debating Team, 1906-1907.
He was editor of the Columbia Spectator; the Chinese Students' Monthly;
the Chinese Students' Annual; and manager of the Columbia and the Col-
umbia Monthly. He was always a very popular speaker in America. Dr. Koo
returned to China in April 1912. He immediately joined the government
as Secretary of the Cabinet and also of the President. In August 1912 he
joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as a Secretary, and in October of
the same year he was promoted to be a Councillor. He was connected with
the Presidential Office and the Ministry until 1915. On July 11, 1915 Dr.
Koo was appointed Chinese Minister to Mexico and was subsequently awarded
the Second Class Chiaho Decoration. On October 25, 1915 he was trans-
ferred to be Chinese Minister to the United States and Cuba. Dr. Koo
became a member of the Columbia Union Club in 1915 and of the
Metropolitan Club in 1916. He was awarded the Honorary Degree of LL.
D. by Yale University in 1916. In January 1919 Dr. Koo was appointed
Chinese Delegate to the Paris Peace Conference. At the conference he
was one of the chief advocates of refusing to sign the Treaty. In July
1919 he was appointed Chinese delegate to the International Labor
Conference. In August 1920 Dr. Koo became Chief Chinese Delegate to
the League of Nations. In September 1920 he was transferred to be Chinese
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of St.
James. In December 1920 he was elected a member of the Administrative
Council of the League of Nations. For some time he was its chairman.
On the day when he was elected to that honorable seat, he was awarded by
the Chinese government the Third Order of Merit. In October 1921 Dr.
Koo was appointed one of the four Chinese Delegates to the Washington
Conference. In November 1921 he was given the rank of Ambassador. In
March 1922 Dr. Koo received the First Class Tashou Chiaho and also the
First Class Wenfu. He returned to Peking in May 1922 on a visit to confer
with the government on important diplomatic questions in consequence of
the Washington Conference. In June 1922 Dr. Koo was appointed President
of the Commission for the Discussion of National Financial Questiotis. In
August 1922 he was appointed Acting Minister of Foreigin Affairs., In
September 1922 he was relieved of the post of President of the Financial
Commission. In October 1922 he Was given the First Class Tashou Paokuang
Chiaho. In November 1922 he was ordered to be concurrently the Chief of
the Preparations Bureau for the Special Tariff Conference. In the same
month he was relieved of the portfolio of Foreign Affairs. In April 1923
Dr. Koo was again appointed Acting Minister of Foreign Affairs. In Jan-
uary 1924 Mr. Sun Pao-chi became Prime Minister and Dr. Koo was
appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs. Dr. Koo served as Minister of
Foreign Affairs, until October 1924, when he was forced to retire upon the
defeat of the Chihli party by the Anfu-Fengtien faction, in the war which
began in September 1924. Dr. Koo is at present residing in Tientsin.
41«
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Kuan Chun
(Kuan Chiung)
Mr. Kuan Chun who presides at the Mixed Court as Senior Magistrate,
was born at Hanyang Hsien, Hupeh. .\fter successfully passing the second
series of literary examinations in the Manchu dynasty when the title of
Master of Arts was conferred on him at quite an early age, he was appointed
an expectant magistrate in the Province of Kiangsu. In 1902 Mr. Kuan
attempted the third series of examinations but without success. In the
following year, he became acting magistrate of the Mixed Court in the
International Settlement of Shanghai, in which capacity he has enjoyed the
confidence of the community and has been given the perfectship while still
retaining his post. When ex-President Hsu Shih-chang became Viceroy of
Manchuria, he and the Kirin Governor memorialized the throne for the
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 419
transfer of Magistrate Kuan to Manchuria. But on account of the appeal
made on the latter's behalf by the Consular Body in Shanghai, he remained
in Shanghai. The year 1907 saw Magistrate Kuan promoted to be
magistrate of the Kiangyin district. While the revolution in 1911 was in
full sway, Mr. Kuan was appointed by Liu Hsiang-sung, Taotai to return to
his former oiBce in the Mixed Court in deference to the request of the
Shanghai community. The appointment was officially gazetted upon the
establishment of the Republic through General Tseng Teh-chuan, Tutuh of
Kiangsu. At that time, ex-President Li Yuan-hung was serving as Tutuh of
Hupeh and he urged Mr. Kuan to return to his home province for an im-
portant appointment, but the repeated requests of the Chinese General
Chamber of Commerce and the Consular Body in Shanghai induced him to
hold his present office. The reorganization of certain sections of the Mixed
Court as well as the just decisions rendered in the difficult and complicated
cases that come before Mr. Kuan's tribunal has drawn a great deal of favor-
able comment from all interests. Magistrate Kuan is an excellent English
scholar, although he bad very little schooling in this language he has devoted
much of his ispare time to perfecting himself in this language, which is
extremely valuable in his consulation with the foreign assessors of the
court. For his distinguished services, he has been decorated by the Peking
as well as other governments. He received the Second Class Tashou Chiaho
in May 1919, the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho in May 1920; and
the Second Class Wen Fu in February 1922.
^
420
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. H. C. Kuan
m m \n ^mm
(Kuan Hai-Ch'ing)
Mr. H. C. Kuan was born at Mukden, Fengtien Province, in 1881. In
his youth, Mr. Kuan received the old Chinese education and obtained the
degree of Chu Jen. In 1899, he entered a private foreign language school
and studied Russian and Japanese. Later he entered Peking Government
University and studied philosophy, literature and politics in the High
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 421
Normal Department. In 1908, Mr. Kuan was graduated from the University
and was honored with the rank of secretary of the Imperial Cabineti. In
1909, he was appointed president of Fengtien High College and also was
made professor in Fengtien High Normal School. Later he was promoted
to the rank of perfect, being recommended by His Excellency Chao Erh-
shun, then the Viceroy of the Three Eastern Provinces. In 1912 he was
appointed the Director of Fengtien Law College and the professor of Roman
Jurisprudence and International Law in the same institute and in 1916, he
was appointed president of Fengtien Foreign Language College and in the
same year was engaged as secretary in the ifilitary and Civil Governor's
Yamen. In 1918, Mr. Kuan was appointed Special Commissioner for Foreign
Affairs, Mukden, and the Superintendent of Fengtien Maritime Customs.
In 1921, he resigned from the Diplomatic Commission, and since then has
been connected with the Customs Service. He has received the following
decorations:— 2nd class Ta-Shou Chia-Ho, 2nd class Pao-Kuang Chia-Ho,
2nd class Wen-Hu, 2nd class Japanese Jui-Pao Decoration and 3rd class
Japanese Rising Sun.
^
422
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Kuan Keng-lin
IS K « ^ M A
Mr. Kuan Keng-lin was born at Nan-hai hsien, Kuangtung province, in
1880. He became a Metropolitan graduate in 1904. Subsequently, he went
to Japan and studied in the Hung Wen school. Upon his return to China
he joined the Peking Government University, where he studied politics and
law. Upon the completion of these courses he was appointed a junior
secretary of the Board of War. In 1905 he accompanied Viceroy Tuan
Fang and Grand Councillor Tai Hung-tse on their mission to America and
Europe to study constitutional forms of government and received decora-
tions from the governments of Prussia, Russia, Sweden and Italy. In
1906, he returned to China and resumed the office of secretary of the Board
of War, acting concurrently as educational superintendent of the School
for Cantonese in Peking. During 1906 he was transferred to the Boord of
Communications. In 1907 he was appointed junior secretary of the railway
department and acted as chief of General Affairs and Railway Affairs.
Later he was promoted and was in charge of Telegraph Affairs. In 1908
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 423
he became sub-director of the railway department, with rank of senior
secretary. In 1911, Mr. Kuan was appointed associate director of the
Peking-Hankow railway administration. From 1912-1915, he was director
of the administration. For his meritorious services he received the Fourth
Class Wen Hu and the Third Class Chiaho. In 1912, he founded the
Railway Association, together with Liang Shih-yi and Yeh Kung-cho, and
was elected chief secretary of the Association. In 1916 he became secret-
ary of the Ministry of Finance. The next year he was appointed director
of the railway department of the Ministry of Communications. During his
connection with the Ministry he was chairman of the Transportation Con-
ference for the codification of railway laws and vice-chairman of the
Conference for Railway Sanitation. He received the Third Class Wen Hu
in recognition of his distinguished services. He Was also elected vice-
chairman of the Railway Association, being reelected in 1918. In 1918,
Mr. Kuan was appointed chief of the Through Traffic Depardment, an,d
received the Third Class Paokuang Chiaho decoration. He was also ap-
pointed a member of the Finance Commission in the President's office. In
January 1919, he was appointed acting counsellor and concurrently chief
of the Transportation Bureau of the Ministry of Communications, and
received the Second Class Tashou Chiaho decoration. In June 1919, he
became a Councillor of the Ministry. The following January, he was
awarded the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho. In August 1920, he was given
the concurrent position of Director General of the Hankow-Canton-Szechuen
Railway and appointed a member of the committee on International Com-
munications. In September 1920, Mr. Kuan was appointed a member of
the Famine Relief Commission of the Ministry, and in November he
received another concurrent position as executive member of the Railway
Finance Commission. He helped draw up plans for the establish-
ment of the Communications University. In Febrxiary he was relieved
of all other posts. He only retained this position until August 1921.
Mr. Kuan was awarded the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho and
was appointed a "member of the Railway Location Commission, In March
1922, he was appointed executive member of the Commission on
Communications in connection with the rendition of Shantung. In June
1922, he was appointed president of the Communications University.
424
Who^s who in china
Dr. Fong Foo See
(Kuang Fu-shao)
Dr. Fong F. Sec was born at Sunning, Kuangtung Province, in 1869
and entered a private primary school in his home village when he was
eight years of age. His father was a farmer and Dr. Fong was one of
eight children. At that time many Chinese in South China were going to
America to work on the western railways. In 1882, accompanied by
neighbor villagers Dr. Fong embarked for the United States. The steamer
that took him to America was the a. s. China. Through the recommendation
of an American family,he obtained work and his weekly wage was one dollar.
Being anxious to acquire a knowledge of the English language, Dr. Fong
entered a night school. A Chinese Christian pastor. Chin Toy by name, took
an interest in him and assisted him materially. He soon became a Christian.
The Salvation Army was at that time active on the Western coast of America
and Dr. Fong became an enthusiastic worker. He soon left Sacramento and
went to San Francisco, where he underwent a course of training for six
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 425
months. He travelled up and down the Pacific Coast in the interest of the
Armj^ and was afterwards assigned to duties at its headquarters in San
Francisco. He took a course in shorthand and typewriting and later obtained
a position as stenographer to the Chief Officer of the Salvation Army on
the Pacific Coast. He remained with the Salvation Army from 1885 to
1893. In 1897 he entered Pomona College, one of the leading institutions
of learning in California and supported himself by working about the Col-
lege campus. Altogether five years were spent in Pomona College, where
he did the high school work and spent his fxeshman year. From Pomona-
he went to the University of California 3nd after a study of three years he
obtained the degree of Bachelor of Letters, in 1905. Having obtained a
scholarship at Teachers College, Columbia University, Dr. Fong proceeded
to that university to specialize in English and education for one year", at
the end of which time the degrees of M. A. and M. E. were conferred upon
him. At that time Liang Chen-tung was Chinese Minister at Washington
and he recommended Dr. Fong to Tsen Chun-hsuan, who was then the
Viceroy of the Liang Kuang Provinces, and in the summer of 1906 Dr.
Fong was appointed professor of English in the College of Foreign Lang-
uages and Provincial College in Canton. On his return to Canton Dr. Fong
found his parents still living. He taught school for one year and in the
autumn of 1907 went to Peking where he competed in an examination for
returned students and Won the degree of Chin Shih which was equivalent
to the degree of Doctor of Literature. After passing the examination. Dr.
Fong was given an appointment in the Ministry of Communications; how-
ever, he had no inclination for official life, so in 1908 he became editor-
in-chief of the English editorial department of the Commercial Press, which
position he is still holding. Dr. Fong has written a number of textbooks
specially adapted to the needs of Chinese students of English, among which
books may be mentioned the following: Language Lessons, A Class-
room Conversation Book, Elementary and Intermediate Composition,
Stories from Shakespeare. In raising the standard of the English books
published by the Commercial Press, Dr. Fong has made his chief contribution
to educational development in China. In 1922 the Pomona College con-
ferred the degree of Doctor of Laws upon Dr. Fong, That College had
only twice before in its history awarded this degree. Notwithstanding his
busy life he has found time for work of social usefulness, and in the
numerous offices which he has been and is holding in a social capacity may
be mentioned the following: Chairman (for many years) of the National
Committee of the Y. M. C. A. of China, member of committee of manage-
ment of the Institution for the Chinese Blind, director of the Shanghai
Chinese Y. M. C. A., member of Field Board of Shangtung Christian Uni-
versity, honorary president of Nanyang Commercial Academy, member of
the executive committee of the China Christian Educational Association,
member of the executive committee of the Forestry Fund, Eld|er of the
Cantonese Union Church in Shanghai, Dr. Fong's present address is c/o
Editorial Department, Commercial Press, Shanghai.
426
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. H. K. Kwong
(Kuang Hsu-kun)
Mr. H. K. Kwong was born in Canton, Kwangtung, in 1892. After
securing his preliminary education in Canton and Shanghai, he entered St.
John's University, Shanghai, in 1907. In 1909 he obtained the government
scholarship established with the returned indemnity fund, being second in
the competitive examinations held for Chinese students to be sent tO' the
United States. Upon arriving in America in September 1909, he entered
Andover Academy and stayed there for one year. He was admitted to
WHO'S WHO IN CHIN-A 42l
Princeton University in 1910 and received his degree of Litt. B. in 1914.
While in college Mr. Kwong was popular, and was identified with many
college activities. He served on the Daily Princetonian as an editor from
1912 to 1914, being the first foreigner ever appointed on the editorial
board of the paper. From 1912 to 1914, he was a member of the Key and
Seal Club, which is a substitute for Greek letter fraternities in Princeton,
the latter being prohibited. In 1913, he was a member of the Muniqipal
Club. During his junior year, Mr. Kwong was also on the staff of the
Springfield Republican. He attended the Columbia University Graduate
School during 1914-15, specialising in economics. He was editor-in-chief
of the Chinese Students' Monthly the official organ of the Chinese students
in North America. In 1915, he served as Chinese delegate to the Interna-
tional Press Conference held in connection with the Panama Exhibition. In
the fall of the same year, Mr. Kwong entered the Columbia School of
Journalism, receiving his degree in 1916. During this period he was
president of the Chinese Students' Alliance. In August 1916, Mr. Kwong
returned to China, and became assistant editor of the Peking Gazette. At
the same time he was correspondent of the New York Evening Post.
After a year he accepted a professorship of English and later was lecturer
on International Law at Tsing Hua College. In 1918, Mr. Kwong returned
to Shanghai and was appointed secretary of the Kiangnan Dock and Eng-
ineering Works. In February 1922, he joined the Ministry of Communica-
tions, Peking, as assistant chief of the assets section of the railway
department. The , next month he received an appointment as expert of the
Commission on Communications Questions called by the Ministry in connec-
tion with the redemption of Shantung. Since 1923, Mr, Kwong has been
in Harbin connected with the Chinese Eastern Railway.
428
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. K. Y. Kwong
(K'uang Sun-mou)
Mr. K. Y. Kwong, a native of Nanhai Hsien, Kuangtung Province, was
born in Canton in 1863. He was one of the iirst groups of young Chinese
who was sent to America by the Chinese government tio receive modern
education. Mr. Kwong prepared for college in Williston Seminary, Eaat-
hampton, Mass., from 1887 to 1880. He entered the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology in 1880 and joined the 1884 class, but returned to China
in 1882, before graduation. From 1882 to 1886 Mr. Kwong was general
assistant in the Kaiping Mining Company, Tongshan. From 1886 to 1900
he was assistant engineer on Peking-Muk len Railway. He was assistant
engineer in the Pinghsiang-Chuchow Railway from 1901 to 1903. Mr.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 429
Kwong rejoined the Peking-Mukden Railway as resident engineer from
1903 to 1905. And was district engineer on the Peking-Kalgan Railway in
the fall of 1905-1906. In the fall of 1906 he became engineer-in-chief of
the Canton end of the Canton-Hankow Railway. From 1911 to 1916 he
was chief engineer of the Peking-Sulyuan Railway and from 1917 to 1919
that of the Tientsin- Pukow Railway. During 1920-1921 Mr. Kwong was
shop superintendent of the Peking-Hankow and Peking-Suiyuan Railways.
From 1921 to 1922 he was engineer- in-chief of the Peking- Suiyjaan and
consulting engineer of Peking-Hankow Railway. He retired to private
life in May 1922. Mr. Kwong was awarded in December 1912 the Fifth
Order of Chiaho; in November 1913 the Fourth Order of Wenfu; in March
1915 the Fourth Order of Chiaho; in DesemJber 1917 the Third Order of
Chiaho; and in February 1921 the Fourth Order of Paokuang Chiaho. He
was for some time president of the Association of Chinese and American
engineers and also of the Chinese Engineers' Association. He was also a
member of the Commission for the location of railroad lines called by the
Ministry of Communications. Mr. Kwong's permanent address is: Care
of Association of Chinese and American Engineers, Nanchitzu, Peking.
^
430
WHO'S WfiO IN CHINA
Mr. H. H. Kung
Jii^m^m z
(K'ung Hsang hsi)
Mr. H. H. Kung, was born at Taikunsten, Shansi. He is the 75th direct
descendant of Confucius. He was sent to America in 1901 by Viceroy Li
Hung-chang for Western education. In 1906 he obtained the degree of B.
A. at Oberlin College. The following year he received the degree of M.
A. from Yale University. Mr. Kung returned to Shansi in 1907, where he
organized the Shansi Oberlin Memorial College, of which he has since been
president. He is an active Christian and is chairman of the Y. M. C. A.
in Taiyuanfu. During the first revolution in 1911 he became the civil and
military head of the Taikuhsien district, and kept that rich historic bank-
ing center in order. Mr. Kung is adviser to the "model Governor" Yen
Hsih-shan, of Shansi, and a leading promoter in the industrial development
of his native province. He is on the directorate of many banks both in
Shansi and elsewhere. During the great famine in 1919 he helped to
organize the Chinese Foreign Famine Relief Committee in Shansi, sitting
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 431
also on the Famine Relief Road Commission. Ke was instrumental in
bringing about the construction of roads in the province of Shansi by the
Red Cross Famine Relief Committee. In June 1922, Mr. Kung was appointed
a member of the Joint Sino-Japanese Commission to settle the details for
the rendition of Shantung to China. He served on this Commission with
much credit. He was awarded the Third Class Chiaho in January 1923, the
Third Class Wenfu in May 1923, and the Second Class Wenfu in September
1923. Aside from his activities in official circles, Mr. Kung has been suc-
cessful in business, dealing in coal and pig-iron. He is really more of an
industrialist than a politician. Mr. Kung is a close friend of Sir John
Jordan, and American Ministers at Peking, Dr. Reinsoh, Dr. Tenney, and
Mr. Crane. Mrs. Kung is the elder sister of the wife of the late Dr. Sun
Yat-sen, the President of South China.
v^
432
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Prince Khalachin
(Kung Sang No Erh Pu)
Prince Khalachin was born in the Ohosnt'u League of Inner Mongolia
in 1867. After having mastered both the Chinese and Mongolian languages,
he went to Japan for further education. He stayed in Japan for several
years and acquired a good command of the language. Upon his return to
Mongolia, he introduced many modern improvements especially in respect to
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 433
educational system. He engaged a large number of Japanese teachers for
the schools and started many new educational institutions. He was res-
ponsible for sending of many young Mongols to Japan to pursue modern
education. Princess Khalachin is a sister of Prince Su, thus Prince Khala-
chin was very influential with the Imperial Ching Household. He was for
many , years Prince by heredity of the Right Wing of the Khalachin Tribe
of the Chosot'u League of Inner Mongolia. In 1911 there came the First
Revolution which resulted in the establishment of the Republic and the
raising of the status of Mongolia to the same level as that of China Proper.
Mongols were consequently invited to participate in the organization of the
National Parliament. For loyality to the Republic Prince Khalachin was
promoted from Second to First Class Prince in October 1912 by Yuan Shih-
kai. In 1913 he was elected a Senator of the First Parliament. In January
1914 Parliament was dissolved and in May the same year he was appointed
Director of the Bureau for Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs. He was con-
currrently Tu-tung or Lieutenant General of the Plain White Banner under
the Manchu Military Organization. In July 1917 when the boy emperor of
the Ching Household was restored by Chang Hsun, Prince Khalachin was
appointed President of the Board of Colonial Affairs. But the restoration
was short lived, and he remained as Director of Mongolian and Tibetan
Affairs as usual. He was removed from the Directorship in April 1922 and
was at the same time appointed Chong Wei Chiangchun, Marshal of the
College of Marshals, Peking. In February 1923 Prince Khalachin was again
appointed Director of the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Bureau. This
position he is still holding. He is also Prince of the First Order of the
Right Wing of the Khalachin Tribe of the Chosot'u League of Inner Mongolia,
has been awarded the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho and also the
Second Class Wenfu.
434
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. P. W. Kuo
IP ?R ^ ^ ?ll «
(Kuo Ping-wen)
Dr. P. W. Kuo was born at Shanghai in 1880. He entered Lowrie
Institute, Shanghai, in 1893 and graduated from it in 1896. From 1896 to
1897 Dr. Kuo Was instructor of Lowrie Institutie. From 1897 to 1906 he
was in the Customs and Postal services at Shanghai, Kashing and Hangchow.
In July 1906 Dr. Kuo went to America to pursue higher education. He'
prepared himself for college at Wooster Academy for two years. From
1908 to 1911 he studied Science at the University of Wooster, receiving
the degree of Ph. B. in 1911. From 1911 to 1914 Dr. Kuo attended Col-
umbia University in New York where he specialized in education. In 1912
he obtained the degree of A. M., and in 1914 that of Ph. D. The subject
of his doctor's dissertation was "Chinese System of Public Education" which
has since been published in book form. In the same year he was given a
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 435
diploma in Education, Teachers' College, Columbia. During his stay in
America, Dr. Kuo manifested an unusual amount of leadership and showed
great interest in religious works. He was editor-in-chief of the Chinese
Students' Monthly, 1908 to 1909; editor of the Wooster Voice, 1909 to
1910; officer of the College Y. M. C. A., 1909 to 1911; officer of the Col-
lege Literary Society, 1910 to 1911; general secretary of the Chinese
Students' Christian Association, 1910 to 1912; President of the Chinese
Students' Alliance, 1911 to 1912; elected to Phi Delta Kappa in 1912, and
to Tause in 1913 ; and was awarded the Livingston Fellowship in Education,
Columbia Teachers' College 1912 to 1913. In 1914 before his return to
China, Dr. Kuo joined the Kiangsu Educational Commission to Europe and
American as a member. He returned to China in July 1914. During 1914
and 1915 Dr. Kuo was an editor at the Commercial Press, Shanghai. In
1915 he became Dean of the Government Teachers' College, Nanking. In
1916 he was elected president of the Lowrie Institute and also of the
Chekiang Provincial College. In 1917 he was chairman of the Educational
Commission to Japan and the Philippiaes. Since 1917 he has been editor
and director of the Commercial Press. In 1918 Dr. Kuo was appointed by
the government as President of the Teachers' College, Nanking. During
1917 and 1918 he was Advisor to the Military Governor of Kiangsu. He
became president of the Nanking Y. M. C. A. in 1915. In 1919 Dr. Kuo
was chairman of the Educational Commission to Europe and America to
study after-war educational problems and returned to China the late part of
the year. Then he gave a series of lectures on the educational conditions
in America and Europe. Since 1922 Dr. Kuo has been President of the
South- Eastern University of which the Goverment Teachers' College formed
the nucleus. He has also been the president of the College .of Commerce
at Shanghai. In January 1923 Dr. Kuo was appointed by President Li
Yuan-hung to serve as member of the National Educational Sinking Funds
Commisson.
436
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Quo Tai-chi
(Kuo T'ai Chi)
Mr. Quo Tai-chi was born at Wusueh, Hupeh, in 1889. He studied in
Wuchang from 1903 to 1904. In May 1904 Mr. Quo arrived in the United
States of America, as a government supported student. For one year he
prepared for college at Easthampton high school, and at Willeston Seminary
between 1907 and 1908. He studied political science at the University of
Pennsylvania between 1908 and 1911, and graduated with the degree of
B. S. In his college days he was active socially. He was elected to Phi
Beta Kappa in March 1911; and was a member and an officer of the
Philomathean Literary Society during 1908-11; and a member of the
Cosmopolitan Club 1909-11. Between 1911 and 1912 he was awarded a
scholarship in sociology at Pennsylvania, and became an editor of the
Pennaylvanian. In 1911 he was reporter for the Philadelphia Press. He
returned to China in March 1912, and was appointed Secretary to Li Yuan-
hung, who was then Vice-President with his headquarters at Wuchang,
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 437
where he also functioned as Military Governor of Hupeh. When President
Li went to Peking in December 1913, Mt. Quo accompanied him thither
as his secretary. In June 1916 Li Yuan-hung became President to suc-
ceed Yuan Shih-kai who died that month. Mr. Quo became Chief English
Secretary of the Presidential office and remained in that position, until the
summer of 1917 when his, chief resigned from the office of the Chief Ex-
ecutive as a result of Chang Hsun's monarchical movement. In 1916 Mr.
Quo was appointed Councillor of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Peking,,
and this position he held until the summer of 1917 when he resigned from
all the government offices upon the resignation of his chief from the Pre-
sidiency, and left for the South where he joined the opposition government.
In 1919 and 1920 he was in Paris as a member of the Conference and did
much for China. After the termination of the Conference he returned to
China and remained inactive for a time. When Dr. Sun Yat-sen, Tang Shao-yi
and Dr. Wu Ting-fang returned to Canton and resumed their political
activities, in the spring of 1921 he likewise took an active part in the
administration of the opposition government.
^
438
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Kuo Tse-yun
» m m-t'^Mm
Mr. Kuo Tse-yun is from the Province of Fukien. He was, however,
born in 1882 at Taichow, Chekiang, where his grandfather was Prefect.
Mr. Kuo was educated in his boyhood under private tutors'. In 1899 he
entered the Peking Government University where he spent only one year.
In 1900, he had again to study under private tutors on account of the
Boxer Uprising. In 1902 Mr. Kuo successfully passed the Metropolitan ex-
aminations held in Peking and became a Hanlin or Metropolitan graduate.
He thus got his high literary honor at the comparatively young age of
twenty. After spending nearly two years in the Hanlin Academy, Mr. Kuo
went to Japan in 1905 to pursue higher studies. He joined Waseda Uni-
versity where he studied political science and economics. Upon his return
to China in 1907, he was appointed secretary in Manchuria, to Viceroy Hsu
Shih-chang, and remained there for two years. In 1909 Mr. Kuo was ap-
pointed by the government to be Customs Taotai at Wanchow, and Chuchow,
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 439
Chekiang. In 1911, he was transferred to Hangchow to be Police Taotai.
Upon the establishment of the Republic in 1912, he was appointed Secretary
of the Cabinet. In May 1914 he was appointed Councillor of the State
Department when the Hsu Shih-chang was Secretary of State. In August
1914 he was ordered to act concurrently Chief of the Merit Recording
Bureau. In September 1914 he was appointed Chief of that Bureau. At
the same time he was a member of the Bureau of Rites. In 1915 he was
appointed Assistant of the State Department which was established during
that period to replace the Cabinet upon the adoption of the Preidential
System, which system, however, died together with the late President Yuan
Shih-kai in the summer of 1916. In 1916 he was Deputy Commissioner of
the Civil Service examinations. In 1918, Mr. Kuo was appointed Acting
Chief Secretary in Chien Nun-hsiung's Cabinet. He was made Chief Secre-
tary of the Cabinet in January 1919 when General Chin Yun-peng became
Prime Minister. In November 1919 he was appointed Active Chief Secre-
tary of the Cabinet. In January 1920 Mr. Kuo was connferred the First
Order of Wenfu. In March 1920 he was appointed concurrently
Assistant Director General of the Government Economic Information
Bureau. On May 2, 1920, he was appointed to be Director General of
the same Bureau. On Miay 14, 1920, Mr. Kuo was conferred the
First Order of Wenfu. In March 1920 he was appointed concurrently As-
sistant Director General of the Government Economic Information Bureau.
On May 2, 1920, he was promoted to Director General of the same Bureau.
On May 14, 1920, he was relieved of this post. In July, 1920 Mr. Kuo was
conferred the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In December 1921 he
was relieved of the post of Acting Chief Secretary of the Cabinet and was
appointed Chief of the Bureau of Immigration. He was relieved of this
post in June 1922.
k
440
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Y* K. Kuo
(Kuo Yun-kuan)
Mr. Yun Kwan Kuo was born at Wenchow, Chekiang, in 1888. He
studied at the Futan College, Woosung, and graduated in 1910. Later he
took a post-graduate woik in the law department of Peiyang University and
graduated at the university in 1914. After his graduation he joined the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, having successfully passed the diplomatic ser-
vice examinations. He remained in the ministry until 1916 when he was
sent by the government to America to make further study on international
law and diplomacy in the post-graduate sshool of Columbia University,
New York. Before his graduation at Columbia, peace was declared, and
he was instructed by the Chinese government to go to Europe as a staff"
member of the Chinese delegation to the Peace Conference. When the
delegation reached Europe, he was appointed secretary to Dr. C. T. Wang,
one of the five Chinese members to the conference. Mr. Kuo returned to
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 441
China in December of 1919, and rejoined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
He received the rank of Assistant Secretary of the Ministry. In September
1920 he was appointed a compiler of the Law Codification Commission. In
November 1920 he was made a member of the commission to study the peace
treaty, and of the commission to study the problems of jurisdiction. He
was chosen by Dr. Wang Chung-hui, in March 1921 to accompany him to
Europe in the capacity of secretary when the latter was invited by Dr.
Drummond, Secretary-General of the League of Nations, to be Chinese
member of the commission to study the proposals for the amendments of
the League Covenant. In May 1922 he was awarded the Third Class Chi-
aho. Mr. Kuo is a Chinese scholar. He has written a book in Chinese on
evidence for the Guild of Chinese Judiciaries, which he dedicated to his
father, "who spared no effort in providing me with a legal education."
^
442
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Admiral K* K. Lang
fe^ Jt flS ^ ^ *
(Lan Chien-shinJ
Admiral K. K. Lang born at Minghouhsien, Fukien, in 1858, He re-
ceived his naval education at the Foochow Naval School, graduating from
that institution in 1874 with the highest honors. Immediately after his
graduation, he joined the navy, working gradually up as third second lieu-
tenant and was chosen as Lieut. Commander of the Chaoyung War Vessel
which once visited Great Britain. Following his return, he served as
Captain of the gunboats, Chen Cheung, Chen Hsi and Chen Nan and of the
training ships. We Yuen, Chiah and Tung Chi and of the cruiser Hai Chin.
During the last days of the Manchus he was tranferred to the Ministry of
Navy, when he served respectively as Staff officer, head of the Administra-
tive Department and Rear Admiral with right to wear the peacock feather
WHO'S WHO IN CMlNA 443
and occupying important offices in Chihli and Shantung. When the Republic
was established, Admiral Lang was appointed in April 1912 as senior
member of the Naval General Staff and became commander-in-chief of the
First Squadron. In July 1913, he was appointed Counsellor on Naval Affairs
to the President and on May 16, of the following year was given the office
of Chief of the Naval Staff of the President. In March 1918, Admiral Lang
was appointed the Commander- in chief of the Chinese Navy, succeeding
Admiral Sah Cheng-ping. In October 1919 Admiral Lang was awarded
the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho. In January 1920 he was awarded the
Fourth Order of Merit. In July 1921 he was made a Chiangchun of the
Chiangchun Fu or College of Marshals with the two word title Ching Wei.
In June 1922 he was relieved by Admiral Tu Hsi-kuei of the post of Com-
mander-in-chief of the Navy.
<^
444
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Lan Kung-wu
M <2f ® ^ iS *
Mr. Lan Kung-wu was born at Wu-kiang Hsien, Kiangsu Province, in
1886 and received his education at tlie Tokyo Imperial University, where
he took a course in philosophy. Mr. Lan is a gi-eat admirer of Mr. Liang
Chi-chiao, the liberal leader and writer. Upon his return to China, he took
up journalistic work becoming editor of several leading papers at different
timee. He was one of the editors of Justice of which Liang Chi-chiao
was the founder as well the editor-in-chief. In 1913 Mr. Lan was elected
Senator of the First Parliament. After the dissolution of the Parliament in
January 1914, Mr. Lan went to Berlin to study. He remained there until
1915. Upon his return to Peking, he became chief editor of the Chinese
department of the Peking Gazette and also editor of the magazine Ta Chung
Hua, founded by Liang Chi-chiao. Mr. Lan played a very important part
in the Yunnan Uprising against Yuan Shih-kai's monarchical movement.
In March 1916 he accompanied Liang Chi-chiao to Kuangsi, which later
declared independence, responding to the call of General Tsao Ao, the Hero
WHOS WHO IN CHINA 445
of the Yunnan Revolt. In June 1916 after the death of Yuan Shih-kai, the
First Parliament was reconvoked and Mr. Lan became a Senator ag^ain.
In June 1917 it was again dissolved and the following month witnessed
Chang Hsun's attempt to restore the boy emperor. In September 1917,
President Feng Kuo-chang ordered a Provisional Senate or National Council
and in January 1918 it was formally inaugurated with Mr. Lan as one of
the Senators. In March 1918 a mandate was issued for a new Parliament-
based on newly amended Election Laws. In August 1918 the so called
Anfu or "Tuchun's" Parliament was assembled. Mr. Lan was elected a
member of the House of Representatives. However, he was present only at
one meeting and then tendered his resignation. Subsequently Mr. Lan be-
came President of the daily paper Kuo Ming Kung Pao in Peking. During
the Anfu rule in Peking, this paper was considered the only paper that
remained independent. It strongly supported the non-signing at the Paris.
Conference, and the Students' Moveraent. It was also the first paper which
introduced "modern thoughts" through" journalistic means. It was finally
closed by the Anfu government in the autumn of 1920. After this Mr.
Lan in cooperation with Liang Chi-chiao started the magazine called Re-
organization. In June 1922 the First Parliament was for the second time
revoked and Mr. Lan returned to Peking and became a Senator again. Mr.
Lan is an important member of the Progressive Party. He is a brother-
in-law of Mr. Hsu Fo-su. Mr. Lan was awarded the Third Class Chiaho in
December 1919.
^
446
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Ginarn Lao
9^ m St
(Lao Ching-an)
Mr. G-inarn Lao, a son of Mr. Lo King Kee was born at Shanghai in
1893, and was educated first in the Preparatory Department of the St. John's
University and later was graduated from Nanyang College in 1913. In 1914
Mr. Lao went to America to study engineering and commerce at Lehigli
and New York universities. He returned to China in the fall of 1918 and
joined the Yangtse Trading Co., Hankow, and was sent back to America in
1919 as the representative of the company to make connections and to sell
wood-oil for the firm. In 1920 he was appointed Secretary of the Chinese
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 447
delegation to the International Red Cross Conference held at Geneva,
Switzerland. Upon returning from the Conference he was invited to join
the Bark of Canton, Ltd., Hongkong, in its foreign department. In 1921
he was appointed by the Board of Directors of the bank to be the New
York agent to open up an office in New York City, which is now located
at. No. 1 Wall Street. While in New York he was also a director of the
China Society of America. In the summer of 1922 he returned to China
and was appointed secretary of the foreign department at the head office
of the Bank of Canton. In 1923 he was transferred to the Shanghai Branch
as accountant and assistant manager of the exchange department, which
office he is still holding.
^
448
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Lo King Kee
» ± m f- ^ ft
(Lao Nien-tsu)
Mr. Lo King Kee born at Canton in 1863, and educated at the High
Commercial School of Canton. He came to Shanghai at the age of 15 and
joined Messrs. Reiss & Co., a leading British firm. Soon he distinguished
himself and rose rapidly through various departments until 1905 when he
was appointed general corapradore and has become one of the leading
WHO^S WHO IN ACHIN 449
business men of China. He has been a member of the Committee of the
Chinese General Chamber of Commerce at Shanghai since 1911. He is at
present the Superintendent of the Bank of Canton, Ltd., director and'
treasurer of the China National Sugar Refining Co., Ltd., director of the
Nanyang Brothers Tobacco Co., Ltd., and member of the committee of the
Shanghai Fire & Marine Insurance Co., Ltd., The Sincere Co., Ltd, and M.
Y. San & Co., Ltd. Mr. Lo King Kee is also an Advisor to the Ministry of
Agriculture and Commerce and was the Chinese delegate to the Interna-
tional Red Cross Conference held at Geneva, Switzerland, in 1920. In
addition he is a supporter of many schools, hospitals and other charitable
institutions. In March 1923, he was conferred the Second-Class Tashou
Chiaho Decoration.
vS8
450
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Juwan Usang Ly
(Li Chao-huan)
n Usang Ly was born at Lysville, Nanhai Hsien, Kwangtung
S. He was educated both at home and abroad, having been
•xa Shu Yuan, a student at the New Youth School, Kweng-
ool, and the Liang-Kwang Academy for the preparation
abroad. He was the recipient of a partial Ching-hua
vangtung Provincial scholarship; attended the College
'ork and was graduated with the degree of B. C. S.
■)t New York. He attended Columbia University,
versity of Pensylvania, Massachusetts Agricultural
ihington Univei'sity. After finishing his education
\ment Research Fellow at the Library of Congress,
Dupont .National Bank, Washington, D. C. From
manager of the Industrial and Commercial Bank,
1922 he acted as chief of division on commerce
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 451
and industry of the Kwangtung Provincial Economic Research Bureau. He
was also acting manager of the Chinese Merchants Bank, Ltd., Canton, in
1922-1923. Mr. Ly is author of the following books: Dr. Sun Yat-sen and
China; The Question of the Hour; An Economic Interpretation of the In-
crease of Bandits in China. He has also from time to time contributed
various short articles to newspapers under pen names. He served as
director of the Y. M. C. A. in Hongkong in 1921-1922 and is a life
member of the Scienfce Society (China). He was also appointed a member
of the Canton Municipality in 1921. Mr. Ly is now taking) a trip around
the world representing the Chinese Merchants Bank.
^
452
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Li Chiao-ao,
Mr. Li Chia-ao, was born at Shanghai in 1859. In his j'outh he studied
Chinese in the typically classical school. iLater he secured a position in
the Kiangnan Arsenal where he was highly esteemed by his superiors for
his activities in ,the reform of the administration. In 1886 Mr. Li went to
Russia to study by way of London. Upon his arrival at Petrograd he joined
a high military school. On the completion of his education, he joined the
Chinese legation in Russia in the capacity of an attache, and remained at
his post for nine years. After a stay of more than ten years in Russia, he
returned to China. On h's way back home he extensively travelled in East-
ern and Western Siberia and visited the Russo-Chinese frontiexs. The
whole voyage lasted 109 days, during which he studied the commercial
conditions and the characters of the countries. As at that time the Trans-
Siberia Railway had not yet been constructed, he had to travel part of the
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 453
way by carriage and part by boat. On his return Mr. Li published a book
entitled Memories on the Travel in Siberia. The book comprising two
volumes was highly valued by His Excellency Li Hung-chang. Soon after
its appearance, Mr. Li was appointed to take charge of foreign affairs in
Tientsin. Later he became Taoyin of Pin Kiang in Kirin Province. Con-
currently he held the position of Commissioner for Foreign Affairs for
Harbin and Director of the Bureau of Foreign Affairs of the Kirin Railway.
He remained there for three years and a half. Mr. Li was ' decorated by
the Emperor Nicholas H with the second class order of Stanisals. In 1910
he accompanied Tai Hung-shih as Counsellor to Russia in connection with
an important mission. During this visit to Russia he was given the Order
of St. Ann, which was a high honor. After his resignation, more on account
of health than for any other reason, he was engaged in business. He in-
terested himself in gold mines. During that period he had nothing to do
with politics. In 1918 he was again appointed Taoyin of Pin Kiang and
concurrently held the other two posts as before. In December 1918 he was
conferred the third class Paokuang Chiaho. In March 1919 he resigned these
posts and returned to the Capital and was appointed a member of the
Foreign Office. In August 1919 he was appointed a Member of the Commis-
sion for the 'Examination of Diplomatic and Consular officials. In September
when Liu Chin- j en, former Chinese Minister to Russia, was appointed
Minister to Tokio, and had to resign from the office of High Commissioner
to Siberia, Mr. Li was appointed his successor, and was also ordered to
represent China at the board of the Trans-Siberian Railway. In August
1920 he was called back to Peking. In September 1921 he was appointed
Acting Chief Justice of the Special High Court for the Eastern Provinces.
In December 1921 he was conferred the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho. In
March 1923 he was relieved of the Chief Justiceships. In October 1923 Mr.
Li was appointed Chinese Envoy to Russia. In November 1923 he was
given the rank of Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary.
454
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. T. M. Li
(Li Ch'ing-mao)
Dr. T. M. Li was born in Honolulu in 1884. He studied at Oahu
College, Honolulu, between 1898 and 1902; and at St. John's University,
Shanghai, between 1902 and 1907. He graduated in medicine at St. John's
in 1907. Mr. Li went to the United States in June 1907, and for two years
studied medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, where he was awarded'
a prize for clinical medicine and graduated with the degree of M. D. He
returned to China in August 1909 and was engaged ,as a professor in the
University Medical School at Canton, where he remained until 1913. During
1913-14 he was physician-in-charge of the Hunan Red Cross Hospital and
associate physician of the Yale Hospital at Changsha. Dr. Li visited Am-
erica in January 1915 and joined the Philadelphia Polyclinc Hospital and
College for Graduates of Medicine where he graduated with a diploma in
ophthalmology in 1915. Later he worked under Professor de Schwenitz,
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 455
of the University of Pennsylvania for about a year. He returned to China
in 1916 and became a member of the Red Cross Hospital and the Harvard
out patient department staff, occupying this position for more than half
year. In 1917 he went to Peking and joined the Union Medical Collage.
He was in charge of the eye, ear, nose and throat departments for
two years. In 1919 he was appointed associate professor in ophthalmology'
of the college. Four years of service with the Union Medical College en-
titled him to a vacation in America of one year and a half, during which
time he did special research work under the widely known, eye specialisi;;,
Dr. Verhoeff, Boston. Dr. Li was a member of China Medical Missionary
Association between 1909 and 1914, and of National Medical Association of
China in 1916. Dr. Li returned to China in 1923 and is at present 'work-
ing in the Union Medical College, Peking.
^
456
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Li Chuan-shih
^ « I* ^ m 4
(Li Ch'uan-shih)
Mr. Li Chuan-shih was born at Chinghai, Chekiang Province, in 1895,
and received his elementary education in his native district. He was
admitted to Tsing Hua College through the provincial competitive examina-
tions and was graduated in 1918. While in school he was editor of the
Tsing Hua Weekly and was president of the College Confucian Association.
After graduation from Tsing Hua he went to America as a government
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 457
student and attended Beloit College, Beloit, Wis., from 1918 to 1920 taking
the B. A. degree with honors. He then went to the University of Chicago
where he received the M. A. degree in 1921 and the next year 'received
the Ph. D. degree, his thesis being on the "Central and Local Financed 'Of
China." After returning from America he joined the faculty of Fuh Tan
University of Shanghai as professor of economics and commercial subjects.
He was soon appointed dean of the School of Commerce and in 1924 was
appointed dean of the Collegiate Department which position ha is still
holding.
458
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. G. H. Li was born at Lunan, Honan Province in 1889. His
trainng began in the Lunan Primary School and continued in the Lunan
Middle School where he finished in the first class in 1905 and later g^rad-
uated from Honan College in 1910 with high honors. His scholarship
earned for him a trip to America where he entered the University of
Michigan in 1913. He specialized in architecture, and was graduated with
the B. S. A. degree in 1917. He then returned to China and engaged in
educational and architectural work in his home province. On his return he
was elected Principal of the Government Preparatory School at Kaifeng
which he helped to make Buccessful and upon the basis of which has recently
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 459
been started the Chung Chow University of which he has the honor to be
Dean. After holding this principalship two years he resigned to accept the
headship of the Fu Chung College of Mines at Chao Chow, which position
he held three years, resigning at the entreaty of President H. L. Chang
and others to become Dean and architect for the building of Chung Chcfw
University. Mr. Lee was assistant architect to Shattuck and Hussey at the
laying of the foundations of the Peking Union Medical College in 1917-18,
is President of the Honan Teachers Alliance and author of a plan to estab-
lish an jndependent educational fund for the province of Honan. He has
contributed several articles to leading magazines, one being a plan to re-
construct China. Mr. Lee, besides being the Dean at Chung Chow University,
is at present engaged in erecting several dormitories and an $80,000.00
Science Hall for that institution.
Jt
460
WHOS WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Li Su-mai
(Li Hsiu-mei)
Mr. Li Su-mai was born at Hangchow, Chskiang Province, in 1873. He
was first taksn as one of the five Chinese Magistrates at the Inte^mationad
Mixed Court and holds the position of second assistant magistrate. He is a
well-known Chinese scholar. He studied law privately and practiced at his
profession for several years before his appointment to the Mixed Court
Bench in Shanghai. In recognition of his services in the post he has held
this position for past six years. The Chinese government has conferred
upon him several decorations, and has appointed him a District Magistrate
in waifng. Mr. Li's name has also been registered with the Cabinet for
further promotion.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
461
Mr. James Hsions Lee
(Li Ju-hsiung)
Mr. James Hsiong Lee is a native of Ningpo, Chekiang, and was born
in 1891. His great grandfather, known as Bai Wha Shan Cheng, was one
of the most famous Chinese poets and his elder brother, Z. Y. Lee, returned
student from England, is the first aviator in China. In early years Mr.
Lee received his education in an old school and won his high degree inj
Chinese literature. He left school when he was quite young, and entered
into business in Shanghai in 1912. Thereafter his time and energy have
been mostly devoted to the development of commerce and industry. In
1915 Mr. Lee was appointed by the Board of Agriculture and Commerce as
one of the Trade Commissioners tp the U. S. A., where he travelled over
a great many large cities, attended the Panama Exhibition and visited
various famous industrial plants. Mr. Lee has held many responsible posi-
462 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
tions, such as general manager of Kiangsi Land Investment Co., managing
director of Wah Foo Commercial Bank of China, president of Wuhu City
Telephone Plant, manager of Lee Bros. & Co., special inspector of the
currency bureau for Shanghai, advisor to the Bureau of Enemy's Property
and advisor to the Governor of Chekiang.. In 1919 Mr. Lee organized a
Telephone plant in his native city of Ningpo. At the outset the number
of subscribers was scarcely over two hundred, but it has now passed one.
thousand. He also established the Tanang City Light plant. He is now
the president of both plants and director of the Chartered Stock & Produce
Exchange of Shanghai, the Polo Coal Mining Co. and the Union Bank of
China. Besides his business activities, Mr. Lee is also connected with many
social institutions, such as director of the Ningpo Guild, the Charitable
Institute, is a member of the General Chamber of Commierce of Shanghai
and the Association of Chapei and the World's • Chinese Students' Federa-
tion. He is a .member of the Union Club. In 1920 Mr. Lee realized the
necessity of forming an important establishment in order to promote the
industrial and commercial enterprises in China. In pursuance of this object
a company was organized the next spring, called the Foong Shen Industrial
& Commercial Development Corporation, of which he was subsequently
elected vice-president and assistant general manager.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
463
General Li Keng-yuan
General Li Keng-yuan was born at Teng-yueh Hsien, Yunnan province,
in 1878. After acquiring an elementary military training in Yunnan, he
was sent to Japan among the sixth group of Chinese militai'y students to
study in the Japanese Military Cadets Academy. The course he took was
in the infantry and he graduated from that institution. After his
return to China, General Li became Director of the Military Lecture Hall
of Yunnan and later was concurrently Councillor of the General Staff Office
of the Yunnan forces. Upon the outbreak of the First Revolution in
October 1911, General Li organized a Revolutionary Force with the students
of the Military Lecture Hall and declared the independence of Yunnan.
He was elected Vice Tutuh or Assistant Military Director. In 1913 General
Li was elected a Member of the House of Representatives of the First
National Parliament which was dissolved by Yuan Shih-kai in January
1914. In 1915 he joined the Yunnan Rebellion. During Yuan Shih-kai's
monarchical movement. General Li secretly travelled between Japan, Hong-
464 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
kong and the South Sea Islands as representative of the Revolutionary
forces. In March 1916 he took part in the organization of the headquarters
of the Southern Expeditionary forces at the boundary between Kuangtung
and Kuangsi. In July 1916 following the death of Yuan Shih-kai General
Li was appointed Civil Governor of Shensi to succeed General Ch'en Shu-
fan who had been hitherto acting in the capacity of Military Governor of
that province. In October 1916 he was conferred the Third Order of Merit.
In July 1917 he resigned from the Civil Governorajiip lof Shensi owing to.
difference of opinion with General Ch'en Shu-fan. He was first taken
prisoner by General Ch'en and, afterwards he effected his escape to Pek-
ing.' During 1918 and 1919 General Li was connected with the Military
government of the South in which General Tsen Chun-hsuan played a
leading role. General Li has always been known as the clever advisor and
right hand man of General Tsen. Thus he has been a prominent figure of
the Chen Hsueh Hui, a political party, of which General Tsen is the leader.
In June 1922 after the Chihli-Fengtien War when General Li Yuan-hung
re-assumed the presidency. General Li Keng-yuan was a member of the
parliament which reassembled in August 1922. In September 1922 he was
appointed Director General of the Government Aeronautic Bureau. In
October he was awarded the Second Class Wenfu and Yun-Wei Chiangchun,
a member of the College of Marshals. In November 1922 General Li was
appointed Acting Minister of Agriculture and Commerce. In January
1923 he was appointed Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, of which
post he was relieved in September 1923.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
465
Marquis W. H. Li
(Li Kuo-chich)
Marquis W. H. Li, the eldest grandson of the celebrated statesman and
soldier, Li Hung-chang, was born at He-Tei Hsien, Anhui, in 1881. He
showed unusual public spirit, even when in childhood. In 1901 when his
grandfather died, he took on the title of Marquis from the Ta Ching Dynasty
out of respect to the late Prime Minister and was g^iven the post of As-
sistant Chamberlain, commanding the Palace Guard. Later, where he
established many workshops for the Manchu soldiers and apportioned lands
for reclamation work in order to enable them to make their own livelihood
without always depending upon the allowance given them by the govern-
ment. Before completing his work, he was transferred, after serving for
more than a year, to Peking to become the senior councillor of the Board
of Agriculture, Works and Commerce. In this capacity, the Marquis draft-
ed a set of regulations for the promotion of the mining industry as well
as a memorandum planning for the establishment of a constitutional
466
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
governnment. The memorandum calls for the promulgation of administra-
tive rules governing schools in order to develop a type of students fitted
for public service, of a system of army organization in order to unify the
military defense of the nation, of police regulations for the protection of
the communities and for a reliable census and of a press law in order to
assist the work of the newspapers. His suggestions failed to go through
the proper channels. When the baby emperor, Hsuan Tung, ascended the
throne, the tottering government was unable to adopt any constructive
measure while wily mandarins did everything to realise their own ambi-
tion. Tuan Fang, the Viceroy at Nanking, being suspicious of the marquis,
memorialised the throne with several alleged charges against him but the
latter's straightforwardness and honesty was never shaken. In the follow-
ing year 1910, Marquis Li was sent ta Belgium as the Chinese Ambassador
to Brussels where he gained much popularity for the picturesque way in
which he moved about and (the rigid order he had given to his embassy
to use everything Chinese. Mr. Li's collection of Chinese articles
and decorations still stand in the Chinese Leg'ation in Brussels today and
form the center of attraction of Belgians who visit their capital. During
the revolution of 1911, the financial allowance for students abroad was
practically all discontinued. But those in Belgium enjoyed the usual
monetary aid, because Marquis Li had advanced out of his own pocket
sums amounting to over $100,000 to relieve the stringency. The students
in England, Germany, France and Austria were practically penniless and
created much unpleasantness with the several legations. But the Brussels
Legation was exempt from this trouble, thanks to the effort of the Marquis.
Many of these students in Belgium have now returned and are ''holding
high offices in the government. In December 1912 Mr. Wang Kuang-chi
was appointed to succeed Marquis Li as Minister to Belgium. In 1913 he
returned to China. In May 1914 he was appointed by President Yuan
Shih-kai a Member of the Advis3ry Council which was abolished in June
1916 after the death of the founders. Ever since that time he has bean
living in retirement in Shanghai. However, he still takes an intensive
interest in the China Merchants' Steam Naivgation Co., which was estab-
lished by his grandfather and of which he is now the chairman of the
board of directors. Marquis Li is connected with a large number of big
industrial enterprises.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
467
Mr. K. C. Li
(Li Kuo-ching)
Mr. K. C. Li was born at Changsha, Hunan in September 1892. After
receiving his earlier education in local schools, he entered the Hunan
Technical Institute, taking up the study of mining. Finishing thexourse of
this institution, he entered the Royal School of Mines, London, graduating
from that college with the degree of Mining-Engineer. Upon his return to
468 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
China, Mr. Li became actively associated with the mining industry in
Hunan, occupying the positions of secretary of the Hunan Mining Board,
president of the Kiangwah Government Tin Mines, president of the Hsiao
Ku San Government Mines, and co-director of the Hunan Mining Board.
During this time, he was sent as a mining commissioner of the government
to Europe. With the formation of the Wah Chang Mining and Smelting
Company, Ltd., as an institution for international trade, Mr. Li was appointed
vice-president and New York manager of the corporation. The later
development of the Wah Chang Trading Corporation, the largest Chinese
owned and directed import and export firm in the nation, brought the ap-
pointment of Mr. Li as president and manager director. Mr. Li has been
a resident of New York since his appointment, making frequent trips to
China and to other nations t)f the world in connection with the business of
his firms. He is the representative in New York of the Chinese Ministry
of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce. As a director
and vice-president of the China Society of America, he has become one of
the best known Chinese business men in the United States, both commercially
and socially. For meritorius service rendered to the Republic of China,
Mr. Li received the fourth class Chia Ho decoration from the president in
May 1920. He is also well known in the nation as a mathematician and
has written books of trigonometry, algebra and calculus in Chinese which
are used in native schools as text books. He received four honors during
his college career and is widely known as a student of Chinese literature.-'
During the European war, Mr. Li was active for both the American and
Canadian governments in obtaining war materials from China and South
America. He has received letters of appreciation and congratulation from
the authorities of the various Allied governments. Mr. Li is a member of
the Lawyer's Club, and the Old Colonial Club of New York, and also of the
committee of the New York Metal Exchange, the New York Credit Associa-
tion and the American Institute of Mining Engineers. He is married and
has two children.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
469
f
Mr. Li Kuo-yun was born at He-Fei Hsien, Anhui Province, in 1878,
and is a grnad nephew of Li Hung-chang and the second son of former
Premier Li Ching-hsi., Mr. Li became a Provincial School Graduate in
1902 and in the following year was recommended by the Governor of An-
hui Province for the official examinations which be passed. In the Chirig
regime he held the following positions; Director of the Lu Chow Middle
School, Anhui; president of the Educational Association of the District of
He Fei Hsien; president of the Chamber of Commerce of Lu Chow; Vice-
Speaker of the Provincial Advisory Council of Anhui; Member of the Im-
470 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
perial Advisory Council, Peking. In December 1912 Mr. Li was appointed
Chief of the Financial Bureau of Anhui Province and in September 1913
was transferred to be Chief of the Internal Affairs Bureau of the Province
of Anhui. From November 1913 to March 1914 Mr. Li was concurrently
Chief of the Financial Bureau of Anhui and Chief of the National Revenue
Preparation Bureati. In May 1914 he was (appointed Civil Governor of
Kuangtung which position he held until July 1915 when he was transferred
to be Civil Governor of Kuangsi. But he did not take up this position and
resigned soon afterwards. In July 1915 Mr. Li was appointed Councillor
or Member of the National Advisory Council, founded by Yuan Shih-kai
after the dissolution of the Old Parliament. This Council was abolished in
June 1916 following the death of its founder. In September 1920 Mr. Li
was appointed Director General of the Bureau of Economic Research. In-
vestigation which position he is still holding, Mr. Li was awarded the
Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho in January 1921; the First Class
Tashou in October 1922; and First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho in March
1923.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
471
Mr« Li Mau-chi
(Li Mac-chih)
Mr. Li Mau-chi was born at Canton in 1883. His father was familiarly-
known in the commercial circles of Hongkong as "Miilllonaire Lee". Mr.
Li was educated in private schools, specializing in Chinese literature, and
later received an English education in Hongkong. During the first Revolu-
tion of 1911 Mr. Li was a Councillor of the Military Governor of Kuangtung
Province. When the Provisional government was established at Nanking
with Dr. Sun Yat-sen as President he was given the post of secretary of
of the "White House" at Nanking., In 1913 he was elected as a senator
from the province of Kwangtung to the first Parliament. When the Parlia-
ment was dissolved in January 1914 Mr. Li went to Shanghai where he
cooperated with Ex-Premier Tang Shao-yi in the formation of the Gold Star
Life Insurance Company, being a director of this company at present. At
the same time he in cooperation with Mr. Ku Chung-shin founded the
472 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
"Ching I" magazine. The old Parliament was reconvoked in June 1916
and Mr. Li retur^ned to Peking and took his seat in the Senate. In June
1917 the Parliament was again dissolved and he returned to his home city
of Canton and helped to establish , the military government there and to
call the extraordinary parliament. During the years of 1918 and 1919 he
served as salt commissioner for Kwangtung and Kwangsi Provinces. When
General Chen Chung-ming reentered Canton in 1920, Mr. Li was appointed
Special Commissioner of Finance, also taking charge of the Kwangtung
Treasury, holding this position until November. The old Parliament was
for the second time reconvoked in June 1922. Mr. Li became a Senator
again. Mr. Li is the founder of the Public of Canton and is also the chief
auditor of the Provincial Bank of Kwangtung. He was conferred the Second
Class Chiaho in October 1922 and First Class Tashou Chiaho in April 1923.
^
WHO'S WEiO IN CHINA
473
Mr, Li Ming
Mr. Li Ming is a native of Shaoshing, Chekiang, and was born in 1889.
In early years he received his education in a middle sqhool at i Shaoshing
and the Wayland Academy, Hangchow. Being anxious to obtain a higher
education, he went to Japan and pursued his studies in the Yamaguchi
Commercial College. After seven years in Japan, he returned to China just
before the outbreak of the revolution and served the Chekiang provincial
474 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
government as financial advisor to the Commissioner of Finance. Later
on he joined the Shanghai office of the Chekiang Bank as manager aiid
under his hand this institution underwent severe re-orgatiiz-ttion, being,
renamed the Chekiang Industrial Bank, Ltd. He introduced and directed
its business along modern commercial banking lines instead of in semi-
official nature. Since then it has been built up on .modern business lines.
He encouraged public savings by opening a Savings Bank Department
along purely Western 'lines and participated in financing imports and ex-
ports by opening the Foreign Exchange Department in the Shanghai office
of the Bank. Due to his work the Bank's capital was increased to $2,000,-
000, and the interest of the Chekiang provincial government was bought
overat a premium of about 70 0/0 to make the bank a purely private institu-
tion. At the same time he acquired and built a permanent and commodious
home to house the ever increasing activities of the bank and removed its
head office from Hangchow to its present location in Shanghai at the corner
of Hankow and Kiangse Roads, known as the Chekiang Industrial Bank
building. In the c ourse of more than thirteen years in Shanghai his time
and energy have mostly been devoted to the development of banking as
well as commerce a'nd industry. He is one of the prominent figures in
banking pircles in China and is one of the founders of the Shanghai Chinese
Bankers Association. He is now director and general managger of The
Chekiang Industrial Bank, Ltd., director of The Bank of China, The Bank
of Communications, and also the Shanghai Commercial and Savings Bank,
Ltd., which last institution he in company with K. P. Chen, its director
and general manager, with one or two others helped to promote. Mr. Li
is purely self-made, good natured, kind hearted, generous, self-confident,
full of energy, and with alwa,ys a keen eye in business and financial
matters. He has given much of his time for public service and education
and was decorated by the Chinese government in 1921 with the third Order
of Chiaho for meritorious public service.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
4751
Mr. Li Sheng-to
Mr. Li Sheng-to, was born at Kiukiang, Kiangsi. In 1860 in 1890 he
successfully passed the Metropolitan examination becaming a Metropolitan
graduate. Subsequently he joined the Hanlin Academy. In 1895 he was ap-
pointed Chinese Minister to Japan where he stayed for two years.. Upon
his return to China he was made Governor of the Metropolitan District. In
1905 he was one of the five ministers sent abroad to study the constitutional
forms of government. In that year he traveled extensively in Japan,
Europe and America. In 1906 he was Chinese Minister to Belgium and
returned in 1909. After the first revolution in 1911, he was appointeid
advisor to President Yuan Shih-kai. On June 29, 1917 he was appointed
Acting Minister of ■ Agriculture and Commerce and concurrently Director
General of the National Conservancy Bureau, On July 17, 1917, he re-
476 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
signed on account of General Chang Hsun's monarchical movement, but he
was appointed President of the Board of Agriculture of the short lived
monarchy. In 1918, when the new Parliament was organized, Mr. Li was
elected Speaker of the Senate. It was this Parliament which elected Hsu
Shih-Ch'ang president. Mr. Li was conferred the First Class Tashun
Chiaho in May 1919 and the First Class Tashun Paokuang Chiaho in
October 1919. The new Parliament was dissolved in 1920 after the down-
fall of the Sufu Club resulting from the Chihli Anfu war. Ever since that
time Mr. Li has been living in retirement at Tientsin.
«£$»
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
477
Mr. Li Shih-wei "^ "I j
Mr. Li Shih-wei was born at Yungpinghsien, Chihli in 1895. In 1901
he was sent by the Chihli government to Japan to pursue a higher educa-
tion. He graduated at Waseda University in 1906, and in the same year
returned to China. His official rank in the late Manchu regime was that
of industrial Taotai. After his return to Chihli he was appointed a secretary
to the Viceroy of Pei-yang. Later he became superintendent of the Pei-
yang Normal School. After some time he became assistant director of the
Bureau of Education for the whole of Chihli, and was concurrently appointed
to be in charge of the preparation for the self-government of the province,
and assisted in the organization of the bureau for the preparation of the
estlablisliment of a legislative council. He was a member of the Nanyang
Industrial Promotion Association, and Director-General of the Ching Shing
Mining Company for many years and is a director of the Chee Hsin Cement
478 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Company, of the Peking Water Works, of the Hua Hsin Spinning and
Weaving Company, and of the Tung Wei Industrial Company. He is also
chairman of the Board of Directors of the United Association of Mining
Industries; Assistant Director General of the Chinese Industrial Bank;
general manager of the Chinese-Japanese Industrial Company. He has been
high advisor to the President, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of
Agriculture and Commerce. After the establishment of the Republic in
1912, he was made a member of an advisory bureau in the President's
Office. In 1913 he was appointed mining adviser to the Ministry of Agri-
culture and Commerce. In May 1914 he became a member of the Tsang-
chengyuan or Legislative Council in place of Parliament. In April 1915 he
resigned in order to become Governor of the Bank of China: In April
1916 he was relieved from the governorship of the Bank.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
479
General Li Shu-cheng
General Li Shu-ch'eng was born at Ch'ien-chiang Hsien, Hnpei Province,
in 1873 and vfa& a salaried licentiate or Linsheng in the Ching' Dynasty.
He received a middle school education in the Ching-H.'sin Institute of
Learning in Hupei. Later he was sent by Viceory Chang Chih-tung to
Japan to obtain a higher education. He first studied in normal college
then joined the Military Cadets Academy where he graduated in November
1908. While in Japan General Li became a member of the Tung Ming
Hui, the revolutionary organization headed by Dr. Sun Yat-sen. Owing to
his intimate relation with Dr. Sun he became a prominent figure with the
Tung Ming Hui. Upon his return to China in 1909, General Li was appointed
Director of the Military Academy attached to the headquarters of the
Kuangsi Army. Subsequently he was transferred to Peking where he
received the appoiintment as a Member of the Chun Tzu Fu which is equi-
valent to the General Staff of the present day. In the autumn of 1911
General Li went south to join the revolution. After the outbreak of the
480 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
first revolution in October 1911, he became Chief Staff Officer to General
Huang Hsing, Commander-in-Chief of Hanyang Defence. In January 1912
Dr. Sun Yat-sen was elected Provisional President in Nanking and General
Li .accepted the secretaryship to the President. From March to May 1912,
General Li was Chief of Staff to General Huang Hsing the Administrator
protem in Nanking. After Yuan Shih-kai assumed the presidency in Pek-
ing, General Li was made Lieutenant General and subsequently appointed
Deputy Chief of the Military Affairs Bureau in the President's office. In
1914 General Li went to America accompanying Huang Hsing. He returned
to China in 1916 and at once became Military Advisor to President 'Li
Yuan-hung. In 1917 the Southern Leaders formed a new government in
Canton to defend the Provisional Constitution. Many of the southwestern
provinces joined in this movement ani General Li firsb served as Director-
General for the Defence of Western Hunan and concurrently Commander-
in-Chief of the First Constitutional Army of Hupei. In 1919 General Li
was appointed by the Canton Militray Government Director-General of the
Alien Subjects Repatriation Bureau. In December 1920 the Peking govern-
ment made General Li a Chiangchun of the College of Marshals.' In July
1922 he was appointed Advisor to President Li Yuan-hung. In September
1922 he became a Councillor of the Cabinet which '.position he is still hold-
ing. In October 1922 he was awarded the Second Order of Wenfu.
•k^C
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
481
Dr. Shun-CKing Lee
^ US ® ^ #^ g
Dr. Shun-Ching Lee was born in Shantung Province in 1895 and
received his early education in Tsingtau. He graduated from the Uni-
versity of Nanking, in 1919 with the B. S. degree and passed the Tsing-
Hua fellowship examination and was sent to the U. S. A. in August 1919.
Arriving in America he entered the graduate school of Yale University
specializing in forestry and got the M. F. degree in 1921. After gradua-
tion he was transferred to the University of Chicago and specialised in
botany. In 1922 he was elected a member of the Sigma Xi Society-. He
received the Ph. D. degree with honor from the University of Chicago in
1923. He was appointed as head of the Department of Biology of the
Peking National Normal University, Peking, which position he is still hold-
ing.
482
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Li Shih-hou
(Li Szu-hao)
Mr. Li Shih-hou, was born at Ningpo in 1880. In his youth he was
well known, throughout his native Province of Chekiang, for his literary
attainments and high scholarship. Being successful in the government
examinations, he obtained the literary degree of Chu Jen or M. A. when
he was only twenty -two years old. In 1905 Mr. Li went to Peking. Soon
after his arrival in the capital he was appointed a second class Junior
Secretary of the Board of Revenues. In 1908 he was made a member of
the Department of Taxation and concurrently held the post of the Resident
Director of the Statistical Bureau of the Board of Finance which was pre-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 483
viously called the Board of Revenues. At the end of 1908, Mr. Li was
promoted to be a Second Class Member of the Department of Taxation.
In the summer of the following year he was appointed to the post , of the
Assistant Director-General of the Statistical Bureau. At the end of 1909
he received an additional post as the First Class Deputy of the Direcotrate-
General of the Salt Administration. In 1910 Mr. Li became the Chief of
the Department of Taxation. In 1911 Mr. Li received the concurrent post
of the Chief Auditor of the Financial Re-organization Bureau. After
the establishment of the Republic in 1912, Mr. Li was appointed Junior
Secretary of the Ministry of Finance; in January 1913, a member of the
National Taxation Preparation Bureau; and in September, Chief of the Salt
Department of the same Bureau. In January 1914, Mr. Li was awarded the
Fourth Class Chia Ho Decoration. In the same year he was recommended
by the then Minister of Finance to the post of the Sectional Chief of the
Salt Administration. The following year he was given the rank of Chung"
Ta Fu and also the Third Class Chiaho Decoration. In April 1916, a
President Rescript was issued ordering that his name be recorded in the
Cabinet, then known as Cheng Shih Tang, under the rank of Salt Trans-
portation Commissioner. In May 1916 he received the appointment nominally
as Acting Vice-Minister of Finance and substantially as Chief of the Salt
Administration and also Chief Chinese Inspector of the Salt Gabelle. Later
he was given the Second Class Tashou Chia Ho Decoration. In April 1917
a Presidential Mandate was issued appointing him to take charge of the
Ministry of Finance. In June he was concurrently appointed the Director-
General of the Bank of China. In August of the same year he was made
full Vice-Minister of Finance, holding the concurrent posts of the Chief
of the Salt Administration and Chief Inspector of the Salt Gabelle. Two
months later he was given the Second Class Wen Hu Decoration, thei first
military order ever awarded to Mr. Li. In November he was again ordered
to take charge of the Ministry of Finance. Jiist about one year after-
ward, he was awarded the Second Class Tashou Paokwan Chia Ho Decor-
ation. In January 1919, he was relieved from the post of the Salt
Administration ; btut shortly afterwards he was again ordered to take charge
of the Ministry of Finance. In June he was specially appointed Director-
General of the Currency Reform Bureau; and in September, was ordered
to be in charge of the Ministry of Finance. In October he became the
recipient of the First Class Tashou Chia Ho Decoration. In December
1919, Mr. LI was appointed Minister of Finance and became Director-
General of the Salt Administration at the same time. The other concur-
rent but responsible position which Mr. Li then held simultaneously was
the Director-General of the Currency Reform Bureau to which post he was
appointed only one week after he had been appointed the Minister of Fin-
ance. In July 1920 Mr. Li was relieved of all the positions which he had
been hitherto holding. He was involved in the Chihli-Anfu war. He
lived in the Legation Quarter for two years and was pardoned In 1923 by
President Li Yuan-hung.
484
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. T. H. Lee
(Li Teng-hui)
Dr. T. H. Lee was born in Batavia, Java, in 1872. His native home
being Tungan Hsien, near Amoy, Fukien Province, China. In his early
childhood he received his preliminary education under Dutch auspices. At
the age of fourteen he began his English education in the Anglo-Chinese
School under the auspices of the M. E. Mission where he cam:^ under
Christian influence. At the age of nineteen Dr. Lee went to the United
States and entered Ohio Wesleyan University of which Bishop J. W. Baeh-
ford was then president. In 1897 he went to Yale University and was
graduated in June 1899. Dr. Lee returned to the Straits Settlements as a
teacher in the Anglo-Chinese School, but left in 1901 to found an English
School in Batavia in connection with the Reform Movement of Mr. K'ang
Yu-wei. Dr. Lee arrived in Shanghai in 1905 and in August of the same
year promoted the World Chinese Students' Federation of which he served
as chairman for a period of ten years. He also helped in the establish-
ment of the Fuh-Tan University of which he was first Dean and later
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 485
became the president. This position he is still holding. Dr. Lee was
chief-editor of the Republican Advocate in 1912-1913 and at the same time
held the position "ot editorship in the English Department of the Chung
Hwa Book Company. He was elected an Honorary Member of the Chung
Hwa Guild of Batavia in 1906; I*'ellow of the American Geographical
Society in 1915; honorary president of the Huai River Conservancy in 1922;
and was awarded the Honorary Degree of Doctor of Letters by St. John's
University, Shanghai,in 1919. Dr. Lee took an active part in the students'
movement of 1918, and during the Peace Conference at Versailles, he pro-
moted the League of public organizations which he served as provisional
chairman to protest against the Treaty affecting Chinese rights and oppose
the placing of China's signature on the pact. During the Washington Con-
ference Dr. Lee became chairman of the People's National Diplomatic
Federation representing 180 organizations from different parts of the coun-
try. Besides being President of Fuh Tan University, Dr. Lee is also holding
a number of honorary positions: chairman of the Shanghai Chinese Y. M.
C. A., vice-chairman of the National Committee of the Y. M. C. A., chair-
man of the Over-seas Chinese Association, vice-chairman of the World
Chinese Students Federation, director of the Pan-Pacific Union, director of
the Tsinan Institute, director of the Shih-pei Public School, Director of
the Christian Educational Association of China, vice-chairman of the East
China Association of Christian Colleges and Universities, director of Amoy
University, and member of the educational commission of the Shanghai
Municipal CounciL
^
486
WHO*S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Li T'ien-Iu
Dr. Li Tien-lu was born in 1886 ^and received hia edHioation at tihe
Peking Methodist University from which institution he was graduated in
1908 with the B. A. degree. From 1908 to 1913 Dr. Li served as instruc-
tor in English in his alma mater and then went to America for his advanced
educational work. Dr. Li received the degree of M. A. from Vanderbilt
University in 1914 and the Ph. D. degree from the same institution in 1916.
He attended sessions of the Washington Conference as secretary to the
Chinese Delegation. From 1922 to 1923 Dr. Li served as president of the
Peking Academy and since that time has been dean of the School of Arts
of Shantung Christian University, Tsinanfu. Dr. Li is the author of
Congressional Policy in Reapest to Chinese Immigration, which was
published in America. In 1922 he was awarded the Fourth Class Chia-ho
decoration by the Chinese government in consideration of his services at
the Washington Conference.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
487
Admiral Li Ting-hsin
Admiral Li Ting-hsin, was born at Min Hou Hsien, Fukien, in 1861.
He studied at ithe Navigation College at Ma Kiang, where he subsequently
graduated. Then he was sent by the government to England. After a
stay of six years he graduated from the Greenwich Naval College. After
his graduation he joined the British fleet cruising to North America and
Western India, and received much training during the voyage. Upon his
return to China he was appointed lieutenant and assigiied to the cruiser
Ting Yuan for service. Later he was promoted to the rank of captain, and
transferred to the cruiser Hai Chiu. Subsequently he was made Assistant
Commander of the Shanhaikwan Patrol Squadron. In the last days of the
Manchu regime he was chief of the martial law department of the Ministry
of Navy. After the establishment of the Republic his promotion became
more rapid. He was appointed councillor of the Ministry of Navy on Sep-
tember 5, 1912. Two months later he became Chief of Naval General Staff.
On August 20, 1913, he was created Admiral (brevet), and was appointed
488 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Commander-in-Chief of the Navy. During the second revolution, he was
in charge of the defence of the Kiangnan Arsenal against the attack of
the revolutionary force headed by Chen Chi-mei. In the revolution of 1915,
he was deprived of the rank but retained office on account of the loss of
the crusier Chao Ho to the anti-government force. After the death of
the late President Yuan Shih-kai in the summer of 1916 he became Com-
mander-in-chief of the First fleet. On December of 1917 he was relieved
of active service and appointed Yao Wei Chiang Chun. He became con-
currently adviser to the President and the Cabinet. In January 1920
Admiral Li was conferred the Second Class Wenfu and also the Second Class
Paokuang Chiaho. In March 1921 Admiral Li was .appointed Minister of
the Navy. In October he was made Full Admiral. In December 1921 -the
Cabinet underwent a change and Admiral Li remained in the navy post.
In June 1922 Admiral Li became Acting Minister of the Navy following a
cabinet change. Another change of cabinet in August 1922 did not affect
his post. In September 1922 he was awarded the First Class Wenfu, In
September 1922 he remained intact through a cabinet change. In October
1922 he was conferred the Second Order of Merit. In November 1922
Admiral Li underwent another Cabinet change. In January 1923 Admiral
Li was appointed Minister of the Navy. In Jantory 1924 he was
again appointed Minister of the Navy when *Sun Pao-chi became Prime
Minister.
^
WHO'S Who in china
4^9
Mr. Lee Tsung-ching
mmm^jE m
(Li Wei-ch'ing)
Mr. Lee Tsung-ching was born at Ningpo, Chekiang province, in 1878.
He wad graduated from the Anglo-Chinese College, Shanghai, specializing
in a commerical line. In 1892 he began his business career as a shipping
clerk in a native business firm at Shanghai. In 1895, when the commerical
navigation between Soochow and Hangchow had just been started, he was
employed as customs clerk of the Soochow-Hangchow Inland Navigation
Company. A year later he joined the Shanghai office of Carlowitz & Co. as
cashier. In 1897 Mr. Lee went to Tientsin and joined the firm of Gipperich
& Co. His position being a general clerk. In 1903 he started his first in-
dependent business as compradore of the Sieroessen & Co., Tientsin. This
position he held until 1905 when he was invited to join the Shanghai
office of Gipperich & Co., becoming the principal assistant of E. Gipperich,
the general manager of that firm. Mr. Lee ■ returned to Tientsin in 1908,
and accepted the compradoreship of Rousseau & Co., then a leading French
firm. In 1910 in partnership with L. 0. McGowan promoted the China
490 WHOS WHO IN CHINA
American Trading Co., with head office at Tientsin. Mr. Lee was the
Chinese- manager of that newly established firm. At the same time he ac-
cepted the compradoreship of the Fearon, Daniel & Co., holding this con-
current post for three years. In 1918, during the time of repatriation of
enemy subjects in China, Mr. Lee was entrusted with the work of establishing
the Tientsin office of the San Peh Steam Navigation Co., by Yu Ya-ching,
the founder of this company, who has been for m»iny years one of the
com-merical leaders in Shanghai. Very soon the branch office was founded
at Tientsin, occupying the wharves formerly belonging to Hambury Steam-
ship Co. Ever since its establ'shment, this company under the managership
of Mr. Lee, has been playing an important part in the China sea coast
navigation service. In the spring of 1921, Mr. Lee accepted another con-
current post as manager of the Tientsin office of the Industrial Development
Bank of China. In 1923, owing to the pressure of work in the San Peh
Steam Navigation Co., he resigned from both (the China-American Trading
Co., and the Industrial Development Bank. In September 1924 he rejoined
the China-American Trading Co. Mr. Lee is one of the pioneer southern
merchants at Tientsin, and has served for ten years as a director of the
Chekiang Provincial Guild, Tientsin. He is also one of the founders of tho
Chekiang School of Tientsin. Mr. Lee's present address is No. 153 Parkes
Road, Tientsin.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
491
Mr. William Yinson Lee
^ 7C fi
(Li Yuan-hsin)
Mr. William Yinaon Lee of Brewer Manufacturing Cremists, wholesale
druggists and merchants, was born at Sydney, N. S. W. Australia, in 1884.
He was the eldest son of the later W. R. G. Lee, well-known merchant of
Sydney, Hongkong and Heungshan City (Canton), Kwangtung, and received
his English and Chinese education under private tutors in Australia and
Hongkong. He came to China in 1903 and joined Johnson, Stokss & Master,
a leading legal firm in Hongkong and* became closely assiociated with the
late Sir Boshan Wei Yuk, K. C. M. G. and the late Sir Hormuejee Mody,
492 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Kt. In 1909, as representative of an influential group of Hongkong mer-
chants, Mr. Yinson accompanied Admiral Li Tsun upon a visit and survey
of Yulinkan, Hainan Island (the southernmost point in China, at that time
proposed as a naval base), also visiting and surveying the Paracels, a group
of islands lying between Hainan and the Philippines. He spent from 1910
to 1922 in commercial pursuits in Australia, Hongkong and Canton, located
principaly in Sydney, N. S. W., but paying frequent visit to China. Mr.
Yinson Lee is a vigorous writer and was a frequent Ciontributor to the
leading press of Australia in the defence of Chinese matters. During the
war, he was instrumental in securing the sanction of the Commonwealth
government, the State government of New South Wales and the Municipal
Council of Sydney for the inclusion of the Chinese flag among those of
the principal allied nations when officially displayed, which example was
followed by the general public in the principal cities, the Chinese in Aus-
tralia greatly appreciating the recognition. He is a life governor of Royal
Prince Alfred Hospital the principal hospital in Sydney; and is one of the
two Chinese members of the Sydney Chamber of Commerce, a prominent
member of the Millions Club of New South Wales and the Masonic Club of
Sydney, a Mason holding the highest degrees in the New South Wales,
Scottish and American Constitution and a Shriner of Aleppo Temple, Boston,
Mass. He holds the distinction of being the youngest Mason ever initiated
in Australia, being only 18 years and 3 months old when 'he receiv'ed his
initiation by special dispensation of the M. W. Grandmaster for New South
Wales, Admiral Sir Harry Rawson, State Governor. Mr. Yinson Lee made
a tour of the South Sea Islands, Australia, Europe and America in 1922-3
securing business connections and came to China to open the China Branch
of Brewer & Co. Inc. of Worcester, Mass., of which he is co-director, in
January 1924. He is a charter member and president of the Y Men's Club
of Shanghai, affiliated with the International Association of Y Men's Clubs.
Toledo 0. Mr. Yinson Lee possesses a unique collection of rare procelain
and ancient Chinese coins.
*v
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
493
General Li Yuan-hung
494 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Genpral Li Yuan-hung was born at Huang-pi Hsien, Hupei Province,
in October 1864. He studied at the Peiyang Naval College, Tientsin, where
he graduated in 1888 after having undergone a course of six years. Sub-
sequently General Li served on a crusier during the Sino-Japanese War,
1894-95, and the late Admiral Chen Pi-kuang was his chief at that time.
After the War he was engaged in service at Nanking by Viceroy Chang
Chih-tung. During h's stay at Nanking he was in charge of the reco,n-
struction of the Nanking Fort and Commander of the Nanking Fortification.
Upon the transfer of Chang Chih-tung to Wuchang to become the Viceroy
of Hu-Kuang Provinces, General Li accompanied him thither. There he in
co-operation with many German military officers assisted in the organization
and training of the modern troops called Tzu Chiang Chun. In 1897 Gen-
eral Li was sent to Japan to study he military organization and educational
conditions of that country. This trip lasted about a year. In 1899 he
went to Japan again and .served in the Imperial Metropolitan Troop Divi-
sions. Upon his return to China in 1898, General Li became a major in
the cavalry and subsequently held several commands, including that of the
21st Brigade. In 1902 General Li was sent to Japan to witness the
Imperial Manoeuvers. In 1903 he was appointed Commander of the Four
Infantry Regiments for the protection of the Provincial Capital of Hupei.
In 1904 he became Commander of the Second Imperial Army Division sta-
tioned at Hupei Province. Concurrently General Li then held several other
positions such as Commander of the Yangtze Fleet, co-director of the
Hupei Military College, director of the Hupei Arsenals and director of Wu
Chung College. In the autumn of 1906 he was appointed Commanding
Officer of the 8th Imperial Army Division which participated in the Changteh
Manoeuvres. Upon the outbreak of the First Revolution on October 10,
1911, General Li was forced to accept the comn^and of the revolutionary
forces thus becoming the Tutu of Hupei. He direcbed their oparations
against the imperial army. In January 1912 a Provisional government was
formed in Nanking. Dr. Sun Yat-sen and General Li Yuan-hunng were
elected President and Vice-President of the Republic respectively. General
Li was mainly instrumental in arranging for the Shanghai Peace Conference
which resulted in the abdication of the Manchus and the establishment of
the Republic of China. On February 15, 1912 Yuan Shih-kai was elected
Provisional President to succeed Dr. Sun Yat-sen. General Li remained
as Vice-President. He was appointed to be concurrently Chief of the Gen-
eral Staff and Military Governor of Hupei, with his headquarters at
Wuchang. General Li was made a Full General in September 1912. In
June 1913 he was appointed to hold concurrently the post of Tutu or Military
Governor of Kiangsi upon the dismissal of General Li Lieh-chun, a Kuo-"
mingtang member from the Tutuship in connection with the Second
Itevolution. General Li resigned from the Tutuship of Kiangsi in
September 1913. In October 1913 the First Parliament elected Yuan
Shih-kai and Li Yuan-hung the First President and the First Vice-President
of the Republic respectively. In December 1913 General Li was relieved
from the Tutuship of Hupei. He went to Peking in the same month tc
assume the office of Chief of the General Staffs. In January 1914 Yuan
Shih-kai dissolved the First Parliament. In May 1914 the National Advis-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 495
ory Council was organized with Li Yuan-hung as its President. In January
1916 Yuan Shih-kai declared himself Emperor of China. He made General
Li Yuan-hung a Prince with the special title in two words "Wu I". As
an expression of his unwillingness to serve Yuan as a monarch, General
Li confined himself to his private residence in Peking until the death of
Yuan, which occurred in June 1916. Upon the death of Yuan Shih-kai,
General Li became President of China according to the constitutions. Feng
Kuo-chang became Vice-President. The Old Parliament was reconvoked.
The Advisory Council was dissolved. Tuan Chi-jui became Prime Minister.
Then the conflict between the President's Office and the Cabinet starbed.
On the May 23, President Li issued a Mandate dismissing Tuan Chi-
jui as Prime Mjnistar and appointing Dr. Wu Tin^-fang Act-fig.
Premier; Chang Shih-yu, Acting Minister of War; and General Wang
Shih-chen, Commander of the Precautionary Forces in Peking and
Tientsin. Marshal Tuan went to Tientsin. On May 29, 1917, Li
Ching-hsi was appointed Premier. General Ni Tzu-chung, then Civil
Governor of Anhui who was a strong supporter of Tuan Chi-jui, declared
independence and detained the cars on the Tientsin- Pukow Railway mobo-
lizing his troops. On the 30th Chang Tso-lin, then Tuchun of Fengtie-n,
declared independence which was immediately responded to by Shantung,
Fukien, Chekiang, Honan, Shansi, Chihli. Shensi, Heilungkiang, and Shang-
hai. On the 31st May Tong Hua-lung, Speaker of the House, resigned. On
June 1st 1917, General Chang Hsun. then Tuchun of Anhui sent out a cir-
cular telegram advocating the restoration of monarch and the reitirement
of the President. On the 2nd he sent to President Li another telegram
volunteering his own service to mediate between the President and the
Military Leaders and suggesting the dissolution of the Parliament as the
condition for the withdrawal of troops by the military leaders. On June
5, the Tuchuns' Group established their headquarters at Tientsin with
the object to put up a provisional government there. On the 6th Wang
Chia-hsiang, President of the Senate tendered his resignation. On the
7th General Chang Hsun mobilized hi^ troops northward and demanded the
immediate dissolution of Parliament. Dr. Wu Ting-fang, the Acting
Premier, declined to counter-sign the Mandate ordering' the demanded dis-
solution of the Parliament and resigned. General Chiang Chiao-chung, then
Commander of the Gendamerie was appointed to act as Premier and he
countersigned the mandate which was issued on June 13. On June 14
Chang Hsun's troops entered Peking. On July 1, Chang Hsun restored
the Manchu Emperor to the throne. General Chang's coup d'etat did not
last long and he was driven into the Dutch Leg'ation for tetnge. "The
Republic was re-established by Marshal Tuan. But General Li refused to
resume his office as President of China, and he was succeeded by General
Feng Kuo-chang. After the restoration of the Republic, ' he stayed for a
time in Peking, but later went to Tientsin to live. During his retirement
in Tientsin, General Li took great interest in industrial and mining enter-
prises in the country. His name has been found among the list of im-
portant shareholders of the various big industrial and mining corporations.
In June 1922 General Li was prevailed upon to re-assume the Presidency.,
496 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
after the flight of Hsu Shih-chang, President elected by the so called Tuchun's
Parliament. On the eve of leaving Tientsin for the Capital, he issued a
flaming denunciation of the Tuchun System and his consent to resume the
Presidency was only secured after he had received the assurances from the
Northern military leaders, particularly General Wu Pei-fu, that they would
support him in the policies of destroying the Tuchunate, bringing about
the disbandment of superfluous troops and restoring t' he rule of law. Im-
mediately after his assuming office, General Li convoked the Old Parlia-
ment and dissolved the Tuchuns' Parliament. He remained in his office
just about one year during which time he Avag not able to exercise
his power nor to carry out his wishes. The pledges of the military
leaders to support his policies did not forthcome. In June 1923, a cam-
paign was waged in Peking to oust President Li who finally abandoned
what was obviously a hopeless struggle and left for Tientsin. Shortly
afterwards, he proceeded to Shanghai and then went to Japan. He re-
mained in that country until May 1924 when he returned to Tientsin again.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
497
Mr. Liang Chi-ch'ao
Liang Hu-hao
Mr. Liang Chi-chiao was born at Hsing-hui Hsien, Kuangtung Province,
in 1869. He studied under Kang Yu-wei at the latter's private school
called Wan Mu Tsao Tang and has become the most prominent of Kang's
pupils. Mr. Liang became a Provincial Graduate in 1889. The combination
of the two names Kang and Liang is generally known in China to mean
the central figures of the reform movement which was responsible for the
famous reform decrees of 1898. Proceeding the reform movement, Mr.
Liang started the first Chinese daily newspaper in Peking. It was a small
leaflet containing only an editorial which was given away gratuitously.
The reform decrees of 1898 was inspired by Kang and Liang who laid the
plot to prevent the Empress Dowager from actively interfering in politics.
498
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
This plot was finally reported to the Empress Dowager secretly by Yuan.
Shih-kai who was prompted to do so through fear of losing his own power
should Kang's party become predominant. A coup d'etat was established
by Empress Dowager. The reform leaders were proscribed. Six of them
were arrested and decapitated. Both Kang and Liang, however, escaped
from being arrested and fled to Japan. There they organized the Pao
Huang Tang or Party supporting Emperor Kuang Hsu. It advocated a
limited monarchy in preference to a Republic thus becoming greatly op-
posed to the Revolutionary Party headed by Sun Yat-sen and Huang Hsin.
While in Japan, Mr. Liang edited several powerful papers among which
may be mentioned Ching I Pao, Hsin Ming Chung Pao, Political Opinion,
Kuo Feng Pao, and Hsin Wen Magazine. During his exile, Mr. Liang also
visited America, England and Europe, and through such visits learned much
of social and political conditions abroad about which he informed his fel-
low-countrymen through his writings. Mr. Liang returned to China after
the revolution of 1911, which resulted in the establishment of the present
Republic. Soon after his return he started a daily paper in Tientsin advo-
cating the spread of political education and the diffusion of general
knowledge among the Chinese. Mr. Liang was appointed Vice-Minister of
Justice in Yuan Shih-kai's first Cabinet, but he refused to accept the office.
Then he founded and tedited the Yung Yen Pao ("Justice"), a bi-monthl,y
periodical at Tientsin. Ever since his return to China, Mr. Liang had been
working to organize a big political party to oppose the Kuo Ming Tang,
headed by Sun Yat-sen and Huang Hsin, which was then the majority party
in the Parliament. His success came in May 1913 when the three
existing parties, the Republican Party, the Democratic Party and
the Unionists Party, were amalgamated to become the Chin Pu Tung
or Progressive Party and he himself became a leader of it. In September
1913 he was appointed Minister of Justice in Hsiung Hsi-ling's Cabi-net
of first-class men. This office he accepted. He resigned in February 1914,
and was appointed Head of the Currency Bureau, which was afterwards
incorporated in the Ministry of Finance in December of 1914, after his
resignation from the Bureau. Liang Chi-chiao rendered signal service to
the country between 1914 and 1915 through his powerful writings denounc-
ing Japan's ambition as was shown in the Twenty-One Demands she present-
ed. Toward the end of 1915, he opposed Yuan Shih-kai's imperialistic
movement. He fled from' Tientsin to Yunnan where he enlisted the support
of his pupli. General Tsai Ao. The third revolution consequently commenced.
It resulted in the collapse of the imperialistic movement and the restoration of
the Republic in June 1916. In the spring of 1917 the question as to whether
China should join the European war on the side of the Allies arose. Mr. Liang
was called to Peking by General Tuan Chi-jui, who was then Prime Min-
ister, for consultation. Largely upon the advice of Mr. Liang, the Tuan
Cabinet decided in favor of joining the war. In July 1917, General Chang
Hsun launched forth the monarchical movement to set the little Manchu
Emperor on the Throne again. Mr. Liang played an important part as an
adviser to General Tuan Chi-jui in overthrowing the movement. Upon the
second restoration of the Republc, he was appointed Minister of Finance,
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 499
and also director general of the Salt Administration. In December the
Tuan Cabinet was overthrown, and Mr. Liang retired at the same time.
Mr. Liang visited Paris during the Peace Conference. He arrived in
London in February 1919 and returned to China at the beginning of 1920.
He was advisor to Mr. Lu Cheng-hsiang, Chief Delegate of the Chinese
Delegittion. In 1923 Mr. Liang was elected a member of the P. E. N.
Cluh, the International Writers' Club founded by John Galsworthy in October
1921. During the past two years Mr. Liang has -been traveling in the
different provinces and giving lectures in several high institutions of learn-
ing. He has considerable influence over the literary people in China on
account of his forcible pen.
^
500
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Liang Hu-hao
m to «^ ^ S ^
(Better known as M. T. Liang)
Mr. M. T. Liang was born in Tang Chia, Kuangtung Province, in
1860. He was one of the earliest Chinese students sent to America where
he arrived in 1874. He studied engineering at the Steven's Institute of
Technology, and returned to China in 1881. Mr. Liang served for many
years with the Shanhaikwan Railway first as a junior and finally as manag-
ing director. In April 1906, he was appointed Taolai of the Fengtien-
Chihchow-Shanhaikwan circuit. In April 1907 he was appointed Customs
Taotai of Tientsin In October of the same year he was appointed Shang-
hai Taotai. In March 1908 Mr. Liang was appointed Councillor of the
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 501
Board of Foreign Affairs and four months later was made the Chief Sec-
retary to the Viceroy of the Three Eastern Provinces. In June 1909, he
was recalled to Peking. He was offered the post of Vice-Miinister of
Communications in Yuan Shih-kai's Cabinet of November 16, 1911, but
he did not accept. He was nominated for the post of Minister of Com-
munications in the first Republican Cabinet, but the nomination was rejected
by Parliament. In September 1912 Mr. Liang was appointed Minister of
Foreign Affairs which position he held only for two months. Since that
time he has resided in Tientsin. During 1920 and 1921, he assisted in
the organization and was elected president of the North China International
Society of Famine Relief. He has been and is still the president of the
China International Famine Relief Commission. In November 1921, he was
appointed High Advisor to the Chinese Delegation to the Washington Con-
ference and accompanied it to America. In April 1922, Mr. Liang was
appointed Director-General of the Bureau for the Rendition of Weihaiwei.
In that capacity he has been successfully negotiating with the British
delegates on the question of the return to China of this port, Mr. Liang
has received the First Class Taahou Chiaho Decoration.
^
502
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Liang Lang-hsun
Mr. Liang Lang-hsun, was born at Samshui, Kwangtung, in 1880. He
attended Queen's College when young and was an Expectant Taotai of the
Tsing Dynasty. Mr. Liang was an instructor in Tientsin University in
its early days. After leaving the university faculty, Mr. Liang served
for a time as secretary of the Canton-Hankow Railroad. Among the offices
he has occupied daring his official career were the Assistant Commission
for Foreign Affairs in the office of the Viceroy of Liang Kwang, Coramia-
sioner for Foreign Affairs in Pakhoi, Consul-General at Sydney, collector
of likin at Hohao, and held various posts in the Peking Ministry of Finance.
For his service to the government he has been awarded many decorations
and orders, including the Second Order of Execllent Crops. Mr. Liang has
been Superintendent of Customs and Commissioner for Foreign Affairs in
Canton.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
503
Mr. Liang Shih-i
Mr. Liang Shih-i was born at San-shui Hsien, Kuangtung Province, in
1860. He became a Metropolitan Graduate in 1894 and was subsequently
given the rank of ministerial senior secretary. In 1899 Mr. Liang was
specially recommended to the Manchu Throne by Chang Chih-tung, then
Viceroy of Hu-Kuangj to attend the examination for men of unusual
talents. He passed it, coming out at the top of the list, thus gaining for
himself a nation-wide reputation. In 1906 Mr. Liang was appointed Sec-
retary to Tang Shao-i who was sent to ( India on a special government
mission. In 1907, upon Tang's return to Peking, Mr. Liang became Chief
of the Railway Department of the Board of Communications. Shortly after-
wards he was ordered to hold concurreutly the post of the Chief of the
504 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Postal Departments. The other important posts Mr. Liang held under the
Ching regime were those of assistant director of the Bank of Communica-
tions, Proctor of the Bureau for the Preparation of Constitutional govern-
ment, and Director General of the Imperial Railways. In July 1909 Mr.
Liang was promoted to be Senior Councillor of the Board, but he did n^t
resign from his other posts until February 1911. Following the outbreak
of the First Revolution in October 1911, the Manchu government recalled
Yuan Shih-kai from his retirement in Honan and appointed him Prime
Minister. In this Cabinet Mr. Liang was the vice-president of the Board
of Communications. In December 1911, he was made acting director of
the Imperial Chinese Posts. In January 1912 he was ordered to act for the
President of the Board until March 1912 when Tang Shao-i was appointed
the first Prime Minister of the Retpublican government. Upon being
elected President of the Republic in February 1912, Yuan Shih-kai ap-
pointed Mr. Liang Chief Secretary of the President's Office. From May
to September in 1913, while still retaining his position of Chief
Secretary, he was Acting Vice-Minlster of Finance. As Vice-Minister he
acted for the Minister twice. After the dissolution of the Parliament by
Yuan Shih-kai in January 1914, the Council of State as a legislature was
founded. In May 1914, when the Council was convoked, Mr. Liang was
appointed a member of it. On the same day he was appointed Director
General of Customs Administration. Subsequently he received another post
as Director General of the Bureau of Taxes. All these positions he held
until June 1916. Mr. Liang played an important part in the movement of
Yuan Shih-kai in 1915 to make himself Emperor of China. The movement
collapsed in June 1916. In July 1917 President Li Yuan-hung who had
succeeded Yuan Shih-kai issued a mandate ordering the arrest of eight
high officials including Mr. Liang who had figured prominently in the mon-
archical movement. Mr. Liang went to Hongkong and retired from public
life. In the winter of 1917 Mr. Liang visited Japan where he stayed for
some time and made connections with influential financiers and statesmen in
that country for the industrial developments of China. In February 1918
he was pardoned by a Mandate. Soon after his return from Japan, he waa
invited to Peking. When Mr. Liang first came to Peking he was full of
views of the South. As General Hsu Shu-tsen, Prime Minister Tuan's right
hand man, was against the opening of peace negotiations with the south, Mr.
Liang was obliged to remain silent. In the, spring of 1918 the Anfu Club-
came into existence. Of this club Mr. Liang was one of the promoters. It
was active during the election of the members for the new Parliament which
was convoked in August 1918 and of which Mr. Liang was elected Speaker
of the Senate. This position he resigned after a few months. In March
1920 Mr. Liang was appointed Dierctor-General of the Domestic Loan
Administration. In September 1921 he was awarded the First Class Tas-
hou Paokuang Chiaho Decoration. In December 1921, Mr. Liang became
Prime Minister, under the influence of Marshal Chang Tso-lin. On January
5, 1922 Marshal Wu Pei-fu, waged a telegraphic campaign against the
Peking government accusing Mr. Liang of having cabled instructions to the
Chinese Delegation to the Washington Conference to drop the Shantung
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 505
negotiations with the Japanese Delegation so that the Shantung question
might be disposed of to Japan's satisfaction in Peking. In spite of several
refutations made by Mr. Liang, the officials of Kiangsu, Kiangsi, Hupei,
Shantung, Honan and Shensi, on January 19, 1922 jointly demanded the
dismissal of Mr. Liang, threatening to break connection with Peking should
the demands be neglected. On the 25th Mr. Liang left Peking. After
the Chihli-Fengtien War which took place near Peking in May 1922 and
resulted in the defeat of Fengtien. Mr. Liang became a political refugee
in south. Mr. Liang made an extensive trip to Europe and America during
the first part of 1922 and returned to China in the summer of this year.
He is at present residing at Hongkong.
^
506
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Sze-chen Liao,
(Liao Shih-ch'ang)
Dr. Sze-chen Liao, professor of Educational Psychology, National
Southeastern University, and director of the University Middle School,
was born in Rating, Kiangsu province, on June 14, 1893. After his
graduation from Nanyang College Middle School, he entered Tsing Hua
College at Peking. He was sent abroad by the latter institution in 1915.
Then he joined Brown University as a sophomore where he received his
Ph. B. and M. A. degrees. In the meantime he went to New York and
studied at Teachers College, Columbia University, for three summer sessions
consecutively. In 1918 he was elected to Sigma Xi and was awarded the
James Manning Scholarship for "distinguished excellence in college studies."
In 1919 he came back to China, working at his thesis, while he was teach-
ing in the Higher Normal School at Nanking. In 1920 he received his Ph.
D. degree from Brown University. Since then he has spent most of his
time in doing experimental work in secondary education. The books he
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 5o7
has written are as follows: Principles of Secondary Education (Commerical
Press), Educational Psychology (Tsung Hua Book Co.), Middle School Ed-
ucation in China, Bulletins on Chinese Education, 1923 (Commercial Press),
and Group Intelligence Tests (Commercial Press). Besides, he has trans-
lated Colvin and Bagley's Human Behavior (Tsung Hua Book Co.). He is
editor of Secondary Education magazine, and Chairman of the Secondary
Education Committee organized by the Chinese National Association for the
Advancement of Education.
^
508
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Lin Chang-ming.
W fft W ^ :8« m
Mr. Lin Chang-ming was born at Ming Hon Hsien, Fukien in 1876.
When he was a boy, he studied Chinese literature in a typical Confucian-
school. He commenced to study the English language in 1900. The sub-
jects of foreign politics and law interested him very much. Mr. Lin went
to Japan to study in 1902, and entered the Waseda University where he spec-
ialized in political science and economics. He studied in Japan for seven
years. He returned to China in 1909 when there was a national move-
ment for constitutiional government, and when the Advising Council in
Peking and provincial assemblies in the provinces had been established.
Upon his arrival at his native province, Mr. Lin was made Chief Secretary
of the Fukien Provincial Assembly. Shortly afterwards he became a con-
trolling factor in the assembly and organized a political party. Owing
to the conflict of old and new ideas, Mr. Lin was opposed strongly
by the conservative members of Fukien gentry and had bo leave his native
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 509
place. When the first revolution broke out in 1911, he was at Shanghai.
The new situation afforded to him an opportunity to show his politcal
leiadership. He travelled between Shanghai, Hangchow, Soochow and
Nanking, in his efforts to persuade the governors and generals to combine
their influence and organize a provisional government and declare inde-
pendence of Peking. All the telegrams and declarations issued by the
Provisional government during that period were drafted by him. After
joining in the revolutionary movement, Fukien requested Mr. Lin to be its
representative, and in that capacity, he took part in the conference of the
provincial delegates held in Nanking to consider the question of breaking,
away from the Manchu government. Mr. Lin proposed that the election of
the President to direct the provisional government should not be postponed
until after the union of North and South, and for this proposal became
the object of attack to his political opponents. While he was seeing a
friend of his off at the Nanking Railway station, two bullets from a would-
be assassin for him missed him. It was subsequently learned that the
would-be assassin was in possession of a secret order from the Shanghai
Taotai alleging that Mr. Lin was a traitor. The would-be assassin was
arrested but released the next day on account of the exertion of highe,r
influence. After the reunion of North and South, Mr. Lin was appointed
Chief Secretary of the Provisional Parliament. At the same time he promoted
the Republican Constitutional Society which later became the Republican
Party. In 1913 he was elected a member of the Lower House and appointed
by the Speaker its Chief Secretary. Upon the amalgamation of the Re-
publican Party with other parties and the creation of a new political party
called the Chin Pu Tang or Progressive Party, he was elected the chief of
the political section of that party. In 1914 Mr. Lin was appointed Coun-
sellor to the State Department. In 1916 he was given the position of
Chief of the Law Bureau, but he refused to accept the appointment. At
the time when the German submarine policy aroused the indignation of
Minister of Justice. The new Cabinet at once declared war against
Germany and Australia. General Tuan resigned in April of 1919.
He persuaded Vice-President Feng to urge the government to break
off diplomatic relations with Germany, but the opinion held by various
high officials was then divided. Finally General Tuan Chi-jui, Prime
Minister was dismissed on account of his war policy, following which
General Chang Hsun attempted to restore the Manchu Emperor to
the Throne and President Li Yuan-hung fled. After the restoration of the
Republic by General Tuan, Mr. Lin joined his Cabinet in the capacity of
Minister of Justice. The new Cabinet at once declared war against Ger-
many and Australia. General Tuan resigned in April of 1918, and Mr. Lin
also resigned- After his retirement, Mr. Lin travelled in Japan. Upon
the declaration of the armistice in Europe, the President sent Mr. Liang
Chi-chiao to Europe as an official envoy upon his suggestion. In January
1920 he was awarded the Fourth Order of Merit. At that time Mr. Lin
was a member of the Diplomatic Commission. When the news of China's
failure at the Paris Peace Conference reached Peking, he wrote many
articles and made a number of speeches against Japan, and strongly con-
510 WHOS WHO IN CHINA
demned her for trying to inherit the former German rights in Shantung.
He lost favor with the government and was suspected by the Japanese as a
leader of the anti-Japanese party. Mr. Lin left for Europe and America
with his daughter to study foreign conditions in March 1920. He return-
ed to China in 1923. Immediately he joined the Parliament and took part
in the drafting of the Constitution. Following the election of Marshal Tsao
Kun to the Presidency. Mr. Lin deserted the Peking government and to-
gether with a number of other M. P's. he went to Shanghai to devise means
to fight against the absolute rule of militants.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
sn
Arthur F. Lym
^ Wt yt
Lin Fu-yuan
Captain Arthur F. Lym, second in command of the Canton Aviation
Corps, was born in San Francisco, U. S. A., in 1891. Aside from occupying
an important post in the Army of Canton Captain Lym has also entered
into active business and is now doing well as an import and export
insurance agent. He is now starting a school to train chauffers for the
growing motor car trade in which he has taken the lead. Captain Lym is
the first Chinese to graduate from the well-known Curtis Aviation School
of Buffalo, N. Y., receiving his diploma 1913. He is now the holder of
International Pilot License No. 245. While in America he flew over
many cities and won many trophies for record flights. Captain Lym arrived
in China 1914 and gave some demonstrations in Swatow and Canton soon
after his arrival. The authorities in these two ports rewarded him specially
512
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
for his fluccesa in showing the local inhabitants the possibilrty of other
Chinese learning the science of aviation. In 1915, the Military Governor
of Kwangtung commissioned Captain Lym to invade the bandit strongholds
in the island of Hainan. He finished the job well. To promote local aviation
Captain Lym has organized an Aero Club in Canton. He is now chairman
of a flourishing club of more then twenty members. Captain Lym is very
popular socially in Canton. He is the head of the Sun Tinge Club and
treasurer of the European-American Returned Students' Association, two
of the leading organizations of college men and foreign educated Chinese.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
513
Mr. V. Fong Lam
¥^± :» 'P ±-^
(Lin Yun-fang)
Mr. V. Fong Lam, was born in 1891 in Canton, where he received his
preliminary education. In 1909 he went to America to further his studies
first in a preparatory school in Brooklyn, New York, and two years lat«r
in Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Here he took up the special
five years course in Naval Construction, a course similarly offered in the
same Institute to the graduates of the Annapolis Naval Academy. After
his graduation from the Institute, Mr. Lam worked for three years in The
New London Ship and Engine Co. and the New York Shipbuilding Co. in
many minor positions in order to supplement the theoretical training with
the practical experience he was then gaining. At the end of 1919 Mr.
Lam returned to China. Prior to his return he realized that the time for
the development of the shipbuilding industry in China had not arrived,
514 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
whereupon he organized the Lam, Glines and Co., Inc. Mr. Glines, who is
Mr. Lam's partner, is one of the executives of the well-known American
engineering firm of Stone and Webster. The formation of the largest ship-
yard in the world, the Hog Island Shipyard, was in great measure due to
the efforts of Mr. Glines. He is now serving as Chairman of the Advisory
Board of Secretary Hoover's Far Eastern Commerce Committee. Although
Lam, Glines and Co., Inc. is now engaged as contractor, architect, and
trader yet the object to which Mr, Lara will ultimately direct his Company's
efforts is the development of industries in China. Mr. Lam has under him
a staff of young Chinese engineers who are graduates of American Colleges
and who will no doubt live up to what is expected of them. Besides being
head of his own firm Mr. Lam is also serving as director of the Eristern
Hide and Leather Co. He is a member of the Rotary Club as well as be-
longing to other learned societies and was at one time associate member
of the Institute of Naval Architects of Londen, and the Society of Naval
Architects and Marine Engineers of America.
.je
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
515
Mr. Chi-chun Lin
Jt K ll^
(Ling Ch'i-chun)
Mr. Chi-Chun Lin was born at Shanghai, in 1897. He attended Tsing
Hua College, Peking, in 1911, and in 1913-16. He then went to America
where he attended Iowa State College, 1916-17; Ohio State University 1917-
19, from which he was graduated with honor, receiving the degree of
Bachelor of Ceramic Engineering. He was the first Chinese student to
study ceramics, realizing the importance of developing the ceramic indu-
stries in China. While in America Mr. Lin acted as assistant ceramist of
the Mosiac Tile Company, Zanesville, Ohio, 1919-20, and research ceramic
engineer of the General Electric Company, Schenectady, N. Y. He is the
author of several technical papers on high fire proselain and procelain
high tension insulators which were published in the Journal of the American
Ceramic Society; he is an active member of the same society. Mr. Lin
after returning to China in the spring of 1921 investigated the pottery
industries at Ishun and Kingteh-cheng under the auspices of the Chinese
516 WHO'S WHO IN ACHIN
General Chamber of Commerce, Shanghai. He made personal visits to some
ten different provinces in China, investigating clay mining, brick and tile
manufacture, glass and enamel making and other ceramic industries. Mr.
Lin has acted as engineer of the Ta Hu Cement Company, Wusih. He was
one of the founders and is now acting as engineer of the National Pottery
Company, Shanghai, the first modern pottery using machinery and scientific
methods in making all kinds of porcelain and pottery ware in China. Mr.
Lin is a member of the Sigma Xi honorary fraternity, the Chinese Society
of Chemical Industries, Committee on Geological Survey, and the Provincial
Bureau of Education and Industry, Kiangsu. His business address is National
Pottery Co., 96 Szechuen Road, Shanghai. His residence address is 43C
Yu Yuen Road, Shanghai.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
517
Dr. Ling Ping
Dr. Ling Ping was born in Ku Shih Hsien, Honan, July 1894. He
received his primary education at home and college education at Nankai
College graduating in 1912. In 1913, Dr. Ling went to America and
entered Stanford University where he graduated in 1916 with the degree
of B. A. While studying in that university, he was elected to Phi Beta
Kappa, the academic honor society. In the autumn of 1916, Dr. Ling
entered Teacher's College of Columbia University to do research work in
pedagogical psychology. He was graduated from Columbia in 1917 with
the degree of Master of Pedagogy. From 1917 to 1919 Dr. Ling continued
his studies at Clark University, doing further research work in pedagogical
psychology. The degree of Ph. D. was conferred upon him on the comple-
518 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
tion of this work. In the autumn of 1919, Dr. Ling returned to China and
became dean of Nankai University until the autumn of 1922 he was a-p-
pointed Commissioner of Education of Honan, his native province. He did
not remain long in this position, however, but soon reLiurned to Nankai
where he resumed the position of the Dean of the Universitjy Deimrtment.
He is the author of many published works among which are: Feeble
Mindedness and Heredity. Public Schools and the War, and Outline
of Psychology of the Children, the latter being in Chinese published by
the Commercial Press, Shanghai.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
519
Mr. D. Y. Lii
(Ling Tao*yang)
Mr. Lin was born at Pao-an Hsien, Kuangtung province, in 1888 and
received his early education at St. Jolin's University, Shanghai, graduating
in 1909. In the fail of 1909 Mr. Lin went to America and ia 1912 was
graduated from the Massachusetts Agricultural College with the degree of
B. Sc. in agriculture. Then he took post graduate work in foresty at the
Yale Forest School, Yale University, and obtained the degree of M. F. in
1914. In the summer of 1914 he investigated the German forestry service.
He returned to China in the fall of 1915 and was appointed Lecturer on
520 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Conservation in the National Y. M. C. A. in 1915. In 1917 he became
Technical Secretary to the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, Peking.
In the fall of 1917 he accepted the professorship on forestry in the Uni-
versity of Nanking. In April 1919, Mr. Lin became Commissioner of
Forestry for Shantung and concurrently forester in the Ministry of Com-
munications on railway forestry matters, and adviser to the Shantung Civil
Governor. Later he served as expert on agricultural and forestry matters
at the Shantung Negotiations in Peking, in the fall of 1922. Since March
1923 Mr. Lin has been Director of the Bureau of Agriculture and Forestry,
Tsingtao, and concurrently special secretary for general affairs for the
Tsingtao government. Mr. Lin is the author of the following publications:
Elements of Forestry— 1915; Manual of Forestry— 1916 ; The Chinese
Wood Oil, Camphor, Etc.— 1917; Forests and Chihli Flood— 1918; Rela-
tion of Forests to Floods and Droughts— 1919 ; Some Features of Chinese
Agriculture — 1922. The Elements of Forestry and Manual of Forestry,
published by the Commercial Press, are popular text books used in the
agricultural schools and colleges of China. Mr. Lin's address is Bureau of
Agricultural and Forestry, Tsingtao, China.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
521
■■■^■■^■^■■^^■■a
■■■■■i^^aa
1.
?tj^M^>^^Hr>»^
1
1
i
H|
■
i
^^^^HOIt
£ '^PK '^K
iHHI
\i
4.
{
^■pp^N ^C
i
1^
g
IP
... i'4''l-:'*i5)
General Liu Chao
General Liu Chao was born at Wu Ohio Hsien, Chihli province, in
1887. He was a Provincial Graduate in the Ching Dynasty. He studied
law in Japan and graduated with the degree of LL.B. General Liu began
his official career as a Junior Secretary of the Board of the Interior; and
has held the following positions: Member of the Chihli Provincial Assembly;
522 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Sectional Chief of the Inspectorate General of the Military Forces; Chief
of Administrative Department of the Suiyuan Special Area; Chief of Civil
Administration Department of the Kuei-Sui Area; Chief of Judicial Depart-
ment of the Kuei-Sui Area; Chief Secretary to the Tuchun of Kiangsi
Province; Chief Justice of the Kiangsi Military Court; Advisor to the
Cabinet; Member of the Commission for the Consolidation of Domestic and
Foreign Loans; Superintendent of the Sino-Norwegian Bank; and . Chief
Justice of the Martial Court under the Ministry of War, which latter posi-
tion he still holds. General Liu is a Major-General and he has received
the Second Class Tashou Chiaho and the Second Class Wenfu.
Ji
WHO^S WHO IN CHINA
^n
General Liu Chen-hua
SiJ ^ ip ^ g ffi
General Liu Chen-hua was born at Kung Hsien, Honan province, in
1883, and was a Shiu-tsai or licentiate being graduated from the Peking
Law College. General Liu took an active part in the First Revolution,
having under his command a brigade of soldiers stationed at the boundary
between Shensi and Honan. After the establishment of the Republic, Yuan
Shih-kai took great interest in General Liu and had his troops re-organized
under the name of Chen Sung Chun. These troops were very soon engaged
in suppressing the bandits which were then thickly infesting the province
of Honan. In 1913 General Liu was made a Major General and in 1914
was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General. Subsequently he was
granted the Third Order of Merit. In 1917 General Liu with his troops
was sent to Shensi to maintain order which had been disturbed by banditry.
He was still commanding officer of the Chen Sung Chun. In October 1920
General Liu was granted the First Class Wenfu and in December 1920 the
Second Class Tashou Chiaho. In March 1922 he was given the brevet rank
524 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
of full General. In May 1922 he was appointed to act concurrently as
Military Governor of Shensi. General Liu carried out this mission to the
satisfaction of the Central government, which appointed him Civil Governor.
In 1922 he was given the brevet rank of a full General. In May 1922
he was appointed to act concurrently as Military Governor of Shensi.
In July 1922 he was made "Fou-Wei Chiangchun," a member of the College
of Marshals. In October 1922, he was granted the First Class Tashou Pao-
kiiang Chiaho, and in December 1923 he was made a Full General. General
Liu is still the Civil Governor and the Acting Military Governor of Shensi.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
525
Mr. Liu Chen-hua
Mr. Liu Chen-hua was born at Wanhsien, Chihli Province, in 1890.
He entered the Yu Teh School, Paoting, from which he graduated in 1912.
Aiter a year and a half spent in the Peking Government University he
was one of eight students who won four-year scholarships to the Hongkong
University. He entered as a Freshman the Mechanical Engineering
Department in 1914. Four years later he was graduated with the degree
of B. S. C. His notes and papers were sent for the inspection of the London
University authorities, who pronounced them of the highest excellence.
526 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Hongkong University also forwarded records of his work to the National
Board of Education in Peking. He entered the Yu Teh School, Paoting,
from which he graduated in 1912. Mr. Liu went to Tientsin in 1918, to be-
come Professor of Prime Movers and Machine Designs. At Yu Teh he
remained three years, giving special courses in workshop appliances and
other technical branches and organized the Yu Teh Iron Works as a departi-
ment of the school. About one hundred students were sent to France as a
Board of Education in Peking. During his stay in Paoting he also
found time to invent two irrigating machines which later were awarded
certificates of honor by the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, and
the Chihli Provincial Exhibition of Engineering Products, held in Tientsin.
In 1921 Mr. Liu accepted the Chair of Physics, Farm Motors and Farm
Machinery in the newly established Hopei University at Paoting, and later
assumed the Presidency of Peiyang University in Tientsin, which he holds
at the present time. Mri. Liu has been an untiring worker with the pen.
He has written in Chinese the following books which have been published
in Shanghai by the Commercial Press. Applied Mechanics (now in its
third edition), Steam Engines, and Internal Combustion Engines. He
is the author of a textbook on physics for university classes, which will
soon be published, and he is at present engaged in preparing a volume
entitled Farm Motors and Farm Machinery.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
527
Mr. Liu Chih-chou
Mr. Liu Chih-chou was born at Feng-hsiang Hsien, Shensi Province,
in 1883. He was graduated from the School of Science at Shanghai.
Subsequentlj'- he taught in the Middle School of his native district for three
years. Upon the outbreak of the First Revolution in October 1911, Mr.
Lia organized a volunteer corp in his district and declared the independ-
ence of Feng Hsiang and the adjacent districts in defiance of the Manchu
authority. In 1912, the first year of the Republic, Mr. Liu was elected a
member of the Shensi Provincial Assembly. At the same time he taught
in the Shensi Academy, Sianfu. In 1913 Mr. Liu was elected a Member of
the Lower House of the First Parliament which was convoked in Peking in
528 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
April 1913 and dissolved by Yuan Shih-kai in January 1914. From April
1914 to the spring of 1916 Mr. Liu was connected with the National Oil
Administration as field manager of the prospecting party digging wells in
the northern region of Shensi. From August 1916, when the First Parlia-
ment was reconvoked after the death of Yuan Shih-kai; to June 1917 when
it was again dissolved, Mr, Liu was in Peking occupying his seat in
Parliament. Subsequent to the second dissolution of Parliament, he went
in company with large numbers of M. P. s first to Shang^hai and
then to Canton where in August 1917 the Extraordinary Parliament
was convoked. Mr, Liu remained with the Southern government,
holding various positions in the administrative offices in addition to being
a member of the Extraordinary Parliament, until the end of 1920 when the
Cheng Hsueh Hui faction lost their power in Canton, Mr. Liu Was then a
member -of that faction. Subsequently Mr. Liu went to Shensi and very
soon joined General Wu Pei-fu's camp at Loyang as a Counsellor, lie was
taken into high confidence by General Wu and he rendered valuable service
in the latter's campaign against Fengtien in the summer of 1922. The-
First Parliament was reconvoked in July 1922, and Mr. Liu returned to
the Lower House again. In December 1922 he was appointed Vice-Minister
of A<;.riculture and Commerce. In February 1923 he was .given a concur-
rent post as President of the Commission for the Drafting of Laws govern-
ing industry and commerce. In March 1923 Mr. Liu was awarded the
Second Class Wenfu Decoration 'and was given another concurrenti position
as Member of the Commission for the Study of Mongolian Questions. In
July 1923 he was relieved of the Vice-Miniatership, Since that time he
has been living in Tientsin,
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
529
Mr. Liu Chin
fii ^ *^ ii H
(Hsisan C. Liu)
Mr. Hsisait C. Liu, secretary and engineer-in-charge of the Technical
Department of the Szechuan-Hankow Railway, and Deputy of the Yangtze
River Commission in Hankow, is a native of Wusih, born in Shanghai in
1885. He received the early part of his education in the Anglo-Chineee
530 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
College at Shanghai, and later joined the Shanhaikwan Railway College in
North China as a igovernment student, and graduated from that college in
1900. Just .then the Boxer trouble arose which made his position on the
Tientsin- Shanhaikwan Railway insecure. Thereupon Mr. Liu joined the
Weihaiwei Regiment under British Officers as Cadet and Interpreter. Upon
the reduction of troops in the fall of 1902, Mr. Liu left the Regiment with
the rank of Military Sergeant. On account of his military training under
British Officers, he was engaged in 1903 by the Paotingfu University as
Military Drill Instructor, which he later resigned to be Assistant Police
Superintendent under Captain William W. Quincey in the organization of a
modern police force composed of Chinese and Sikhs in the Commercial Port
of Tsinanf u, Shantung Province. In recognition of his meritorious services
rendered while in Tsinanfu, he was awarded the Commission of Major and
was transferred to Tientsin as Aide-de-Camp to the Viceroy of Chihli, H.
E. Yang Shih-hsiang. Liu also had a title as sub-prefect which was
awarded him by the Imperial Manchu government for services rendered in
rescuing lives and property from merchant ships off the Shantung Coast. In
1908 Mr. Liu was engineer in charge of the Lotung Railway, First Section,
and acting locomotive engineer of the Lunghai Railway. Then the Siems-
Carey Canal and Railway Co. of America projected two railways in the
interior of China, one from Hankow to Chengtu in Szschuan Province and
the other from Chuchow, Hunan, to Chinchow in Kwangtung Province in
South China. On these projected lines preliminary work began, and Mr.
Liu soon became the surveying engineer of the Chow-chikow-Hsiangyang
section of the Hankow- Chengtu line, called Chow-Hsiang Railway. No
sooner had the work started than unsucces.gful negotiations with the Chinese
government made the Siems-Carey plans fall through, and 1917 found Mr.
Liu in Hankow as Secretary of the Szechuan-Hankow Railway, which posi-
tion he still holds. Aside from his railway work, Mr. Liu is also Councillor
to General Wu Pei-fu. He is in possession of a British War Medal awarded
him by the British government in 1900. With the Association of Chinese
and American Engineers, he is corresponding secretary in Hankow. In the
recently proposed Door- of -Hope for helpless Chinese girls, in Hankow, he
was elected honorary secretary. In addition he is a member of the now board
of managers of the Hankow Y. M. C. A. When Lenox Simpson started the
Far Eastern Times in Peking in 1923 Mr. Liu was appointed agent and
correspondent of the Times in Hankow.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
531
Mr. Liu Ching-jen,
Mr. Liu Ching-jen was born at Paosanhsien, Kiangsu, in 1868. He first
joined the sshool of Languag'e at the Arsenal in Shanghai, and was after-
wards transferred to the College of Tung Wen Kwan in Peking, where he
graduated in 1893. After his 'graduation he was sent to London as a
S32 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
student interpreter to the Chinese Legation. From London he was,
transferred to the Legation in Paris. In 1896 Mr. Liu left Paris and was
employed in the Three Eastern Provinces, where he was entrusted with
the task of surveying the railway lines. Upon the completion of the
mission, he remained attached to the office of the said railway for conduct-
ing diplomatic affairs. In 1906 Minister Liu was transferred to the
Legation at Petrograd as Councillor, where several times he was charge
d'affaires in the absence of the Minister. In 1908 he was recalled and sent
to Harbin to be President of the Bureau of Diplomatic Affairs for the
province of Heilungkiang. Soon afterwards he was appointed Taotai of
Harbin. The following year he was made Assistant Director of the Peking-
Hankow Railway. In 1910 Mr. Liu v/as appointed Expectant Councillor of
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1911 he was again appointed Taotai of
Harbin. Before taking up his office. Minister Liu was sent to Petograd to
negotiate for the modification of the Chinese-Russian Commercial Treaty.
While on the mission he was appointed Chinese Minister to Holland. He
assumed the office on February 22, but in September of the same
year he was transferred to be Chinese Minister to Russia. In the spring"
of 1918 Mr. Liu returned to China in company with the Japanese Ambas-
sador, Viscount Uchida, on account of the disorder in Russia following the
overthrow of Tsardom. In January 1919 Mr. Liu was awarded the Second
Class Wenfu. In September 1919 he was appointed Chinese Minister to
Japan. But he declined the honor and persistently refused to proceed to
this post. In January 1920 Mr. Liu was awarded the Second Class Tashou
Paokuang Chiaho. In September 1920 he was officially relieved of the
Tokyo post and was appointed Vice-President of the Commission for the
Study of Treaties under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1922 Mr. Liu
was appointed concurrently President of the Commission for Russian Affairs
in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In October 1922 he was awarded the
First Class Tashou Chiaho. In May 1923 Mr. Liu was appointed Vice-
President of the Commission on Foreign Affairs which position he is still
holding.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
533
^
Mr. C. S. Liu
sij a m ^ It a
(Liu Ching-shan)
Mr. G. S. Liu was born at Tientsin, Chihli Province, in 1882. He
studied between 1901 and 1902 at the Pu-tung School, Tientsin, which later
became the nucleus of the present Nankai College; at the Tientsin High
School between 1902-1903; at the Peiyang University between 1903 and
1905. In July 1905, Mr. Liu went to America as a governmeint student.
He studied political economy at the University of Pennsylvania between
1905 and 1910. In 1909 he received the degree of B. S., and in 1910 that
of M. A. He returned to China in August 1910. In 1912 Mr. Liu was
appointed auditor of the Kiangsu Provincial Bank, Shanghai. Shortly
afterwards he became Professor of the Commercial College in Tientsin. In
534 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
1913 he was delegated to survey the famine districts in Anhui along, the
Huai River Region together with Mx. C. D. Jameson, engineer represe'nt-
ative of the American Red Cross. Later Mr. Liu became Chief of the
F'oreign Affairs Department in the office of the Customs Superintendent in
Chefoo. After his resignation from this post he was appointed a member
of the Commission on the Unification of Railway Accouats and Statistics.
In August 1914 Mr. Liu was promoted to be Assistant Chief of the Audit
and Accounts Division of the Accounts Department of the Ministry of
Communications. In September 1914 he was conferred the 7th Class Chiaho
Decoration. In November he became a Technical Expert in the Ministry.
In August 1915 Mr. Liu was given the official appointment of Senior Sec-
retary. Subsequently he became Chief of the Audit and Accounts Division
of the Postal Department. In September 1915 he was transferred to be a
member of the central auditing division of the Ministry of Communications.
In July 1917 Mr. Liu became Chief of the Audit and Accounts Division of
the Railway Department. In September he was appointed a member of the
Commission for the Study of Railway Administration. In November he
received another appointment as a member of the Commission on the Codi-
fication of Railway Regulations and Rules and also Chief of the Accounts
Section of the same Commission. In May 1918 Mr. Liu became chairman
of the Traffic Conference. In June he was transferred to be Chief of the
traffic section of the Railway Department, and concurrently acted as Chief
of the Audit and Accounts Division of the same Department. In August
he became Chief of the General Affairs Division ,of the Through Traffic
Administration. In November he was appointed Chief of the Traffic Divi-
sion of the Railway Technical Commission and in December he became
Vice-Chairman of the Standing Committee on the Unification of Railway
Accounts and Statistics. In January 1919 Mr. Liu was transferred back to
be Chief of the Audit and Accounts Division of the Railway Department.
In June he was given the Third Class Wenhu Decoration. In August 1920
Mr. Liu was again made the Chief of the Traffic Division of the Railway
Department and was simultaneously appointed to act as Chief of the Audit
and Accounts Division, Co-Director of the Through Traffic Administration,
and Chief of the Chinese Eastern Railway Affairs Bureau. In the same
month he became a member of the Commission on International Transit. In
November he became a member of the Railway Finance Conference arid
was conferred the Third Class Paokuang Chiaho. In December he received
two appointments, namely, Vice-Chairman of the Chinese Eastern Railway
Commission, and Special Deputy to assist in the organization of the Uni-
versity of Communications. In February 1921 Mr. Liu became Chairman
of the Committee on Through Traffic ; and also a member of the Commission
for the Study of Railway Lines for the Whole of China. In March he was
appointed Chief Accountant of the Peking-Hankow Railway. In May he
became a member of the Commission for the Improvements of Documents
and Official Procedures and was also appointed Councillor of the Ministry
of Communications. In June he became vice-president of the Chinese
Eastern Railway. This appointment was made as a recognition of his
services rendered during the winter of 1920 in connection with the
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 535
negotiations of a new agreement concerning the Chinese Eastern Railway.
In December 1921 Mr. Liu returned to Peking Ministry again, becoming
Chief of the Railway Department. He held concurrently the following
positions; President of the Commission for the Study of Railway Affairs,
Vice-Chairman of the Commission for the Study of Railway Lines, and
Vice-Chairman of the Railway Finance Commission. In March 1922 Mr.
Liu received another post as an Executive Member of the Commission on
Communications in . connection with the redention of Shantung interests.
In December he was awarded the Second Class Tashou Chiaho Decoration.
In January 1923 the government awarded upon Mr. Liu the Second Class
Tashou Paokuang Chiaho Decoration. Later he joined the Bank of Com-
munications to which he is still connected. In September 1923 he was
appointed an expert to the Financial Re-organization Commission under
the Cabinet.
^
536
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Liu Ck'u-hsiang
Mr. Lia Ch'u-hsiang was born at Teng-tsung Hsien, Yunnan province.
He was graduated from Canton Christian College. After the First Revolu-
tion Mr. Liu returned to his home where he founded the Teng-tsung Middle
School with himself as the principal. In 1916 Mr. Liu was elected Member
of the House of Representatives. In the House he was on the Budget
Committee. After the dissolution of Parliament in 1917, he went to Canton
and joined the Constitutional government headed by Dr. Sun Yat-sen. In
1919 the Extraordinary Parliament in Canton resumed the Constitution
drafting work. Mr. Chu took a part in this important task. During the
following years Mr. Chu stayed at Cantt.n playing an important part in
politics. In 1922 Mr. Liu returned to Peking where the First Parliament-
was again called to meet by President Li Yuan-hung. On theConstitution
Drafting Committee, he suggested several drastic amendments to the original
draft among which may be mentioned the suggestion of electing nine ad-
ministrative directors in place of a president. When President Li was
ousted in the summer lof 1923, Mr. Liu showed deep sympathy for him
and left Peking with many of his friends, going to Shanghai to declare
defiance of the Peking government. Mr. Liu, besides being a politician, is
a poet. He has written volumes of poems which will soon be published.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
5^1
Mr. Liu Chung-chieh
Si ^ « ^ iF *g
Mr. Liu Chung-chieh was born at Minghouhsien, Fukien Province, in
1880. After having studied Chinese at home under private tutors, he went
to Japan for higher education and joined the Waseda University, where he
graduated. Upon his return to China he was appointed Counsellor of the
Board of Education. He thus began his official life at an early age. A
year later he returned to his native province and became superintendent
of the Fukien College of Law. In the last days of the Manchu Dynasty he
served as First Counsellor to the Chinese Legation in Tokyo. Upon the
establishment of the Republic he was made First Secretary to the Chinese
Legation in the same metropolis. During May 1916 he acted as Chinese
Charge d' Affaires. In March 1917 Mr. Liu was appointed Counsellor of
the Cabinet and was conferred the Second Class Chiaho. Four months later
he was ordered to act concurrently as Counsellor of the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs. In the spring of 1919 Mr. Liu accompanied Mr. Liang Chi-chiao,
h
538 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
former Minster of Finance, to Europe to assist the Chinese Delegation to
the International Peace Conference. He returned at the beginning of 1920
and re-joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the same capacity of
Counsellor. In January 1920 Mr. Liu was awarded the Second Class Tas-
hou Paokuang Chiaho. In September 1920 he was appointed Chinese
Minister to Spain and Portugal. In October 1922 Mr. Liu was given
the Second Class Tashou Chiaho.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
539
Liu En-ke
Mr. Liu En-ke was born at Liaoyang, Fengtien, in 1866. He studded
law at the Law School in his native province. After having spent several
years in that school, he went to Japan for a higher legal education. Upon
his return to China, he travelled extensively in the Yangtse Valley to ac-
quire knowledge of the local conditions in China. He travelled to Yunnan
in quest of knowledge where he was given an official appointment. He
spent three years as an official in that province. Then he adopted the
profession of teaching and taught law in several law schools throughout
the country. Upon the outbreak of the first revolution, Mr. Liu returned
to Fengtien, and threw his weight against the monarchy. In 1912, when
the Republic was established, he was appointed sectional chief of the Law
Bureau in Fengtien. In 1913 he was elected a member of the House of
Representatives of the National Parliament. He was a strong member of
the Kuo Min Tang and was made a member of the committee to draft a
permanent constitution for China. In 1914 when the second revolution
540 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
was launched, he took sides with the South against the existiinjg goverti-
ment. Eight members of Parliament who showed hostility toward the
government were arrested, and he was one of the eight. L0ter he was
released, and kept at his own home in close watch by the authorities. After
the death of Yuan Shih-kai Mr. Liu becamie a Secretary of the Military
Governor of Fengtien, General Chang Tso-lin. In September 1917 the so-
called "Tuchun's Parliament" was called and Mr. Lin was sent by General
Chang as Fengtien member. It was formally convoked in January 1918
and Mr. Liu was elected Vice- Speaker. In December 1918 he was ap-
pointed a member of the Northern Delegation to the Internal Peace Con-
ference. In June 1918 Mr. Liu was conferred the Second Class Tashou
Chiaho and in October 1919 the First Class Tashou Chiaho. The Tuchun's
Parliament was dissolved in 1920 after the downfall of the Sufu Club. In
October 1921 he was appointed Prefect of the Hsin-Ho Circuit of the Special
Area of Chiaho. The old Parliament was reconovoked by President Li
Yuan-hung in June 1922. Mr. Liu is still acting as a member of it.
.^
WHOS WHO IN CHINA
541
General Liu Hsiang
General Liu Hsiang was born in 1890 at Tayihsien, a small city to the
west of Chengtu, in the province of Szechuan, close up to the Tibetam
mountains. According to the old system he received his early education
in his own home afterwards attending the Military Academy in Chengtu
from which he graduated in 1910. He entered into the military life of the
Republic becoming a Colonel in 1914 when he was stationed at Chungking,
a Colonel in 1914 when he was stationed at Chungking, a Brigadier General
in 1917 while at Yunchwan, and was given a division in 1918 stationed at
Szechuan. In 1820 he was given the rank of General in Command of the
Second Army while at Paoting, and in the following year was made the
Szechuan Generalissimo and Civil Governor at Chungking when Hsiung
542 WHO^S WHO IN CHINA
Keh wu was obliged to resign at Chengtu. However he was only able to
maintain his position for about a year and in 1922 he resigned all his
positions and retired to his home at Tayi to await developments. At that
time General Liu Yu Kiu, a native of the same place, was placed in the
position of Governor at Chengtu and lie tried to induce Liu Hsiang again
to take an active part in the affairs of the province. Hsiung Keh Wu had
again returned to power and was trying to drive out all those who were
opposed to Dr. Sun and Canton. General Liu Hsiang remained in his
retirement? until Yang Sen had turned the fortunes of war and ha then
came out to help. Liu Hsiang was made the Director of Reorganization at
Wanhsien in 1923 when the plans were being formulated that have succeed-
ed. He was with Yang Sen and Yuan Tzu Ming when they captured
Chengtu, and he went immediately with Yuan Tzu Ming to see that the job
of extermination was well done. Recently he has been in Luchow and
Chungking trying to bring some order out of the confusion which has
existed. Many honors have come to Liu Hsiang from the Central govern-
ment. In 1923 he was made a Chiang-Chun with "Chia-Wei" as title and
in 1924 he became a Full General. Other decorations have been given to
hira from time to time. His pressnt position is that of Director for De-
fence of the Yunnan Frontier, Commissioner for the Tibetan Frontier and
Director of Bandit Suppression. His real position, however, is that of
Overlord among the different factions in the province. Liu Hsiang is a
conservative. His manner is the manner of the old Chinese literati. He
says very little but has a head full of plans which he is trying to work
out. Though still a young man he gives the impression of being much
older. He has held all the offices his native province can give him and he
is doubtless looking to Peking to give him a position that will make it
possible for him to settle the affairs of Szechuan.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
543
Admiral Liu Kuan-hsiuns:
f ij S 41 ^ Sf M
Admiral Liu Kuan-hslung was born at Ming-hou Hsien, Fukien Pro-
vince, in 1858. He was graduated from the Naval School in Fukien land
subsequently was sent to England for higher education. Admiral Liu
attended the Royal Naval College at Greenwich where he graduated. Upon
his return to China, he was given a commission in the Imperial
Chinese Navy. Shortly after his joining the navy, the Sino- Japanese War
(1894-95) broke out and Admiral Lu participated therein. At the Battle
of the Yulu he distinguished himself and was afterwards rewarded for his
bravery by the Manchu Emperor. Since that time up to the breaking out
of the First Revolution, he held various naval offices, from a non-commis-
sioned officer to the commander of a squadron. When ;the first republican
government was formed following the successful issue of the revolution in
1911, Admiral Liu was appointed Minister of Navy as a reward for his
services to the republicans during the critical moment of the epoch-mak-
544 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
ing event. He was a member of the National Council in Nanking. Upon
Yuan Shih-kai's election to the Presidency, he was elected a member of
the Southern delegation sent to Peking to convey congratulations. In
March 1912 Lu was appointed Minister of Navy in Tang Shao-i's Cabinet.
For a few days in June he also acted as Minister of Education. He was
Minister of Navy from July to September in Lu Tseng-hsialng's Cabinet.
During July 1912 he also acted as Minister of Communications. He held the
portfolio of navy in Chao Ping-chun's Cabinet 1912 to July 1913; in Hs'.ung
Hsi-ling's Cabinet from August 1913. In August 1913 he was appointed
to hold concurrently the post of High Inspecting Com. missioner of the
Southern Sea. In December 1913 he was appointed to bei Military Gover-
nor of Fukien Province. Admiral Liu was Minister of Navy in Sun Pao-
chi's Cabinet from February 1914 to April 1914; in Hsu Shih-chang's Cab-
inet from May 1914 to April 1916; and in Tuan Chi-jui's Cabinet from April
1916 until the overthrow of Yuan Shih-kai's monarchical movement.
Admiral Liu played an important part in this movement. For that reason
he was obliged to leave the cabinet upon the collapse of the movement
and the subsequent death of Yuan Shih-kai. For one year he lived a pri-
vate life in Tientsin. In June 1917 occurred the monarchical movement of
Chang Hsun. This movement also failed. In July 1917 Marshal Tuan Chi-
3ui, who had effected the overthrow of the movement, became Prime
Minister, Admiral Liu became Minister of Navy again. This post he held
until November 1919 through many changes of premiers. In January
1920 Admiral Liu was awarded the First Order of Merit, having
received the highest civil and military decorations already. In June 1921
he received the appointment to investigate the opium plantation in the
province of Fukien. In November 1922 Admiral Liu became Pacification Com-
missioner to Fukien specially delegated by the Peking government. In
April 1923 he was appointed High Commissioner _ of Coasjtal Defence for
Fukien and Kuangtung which position he is still holding.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
545
Mr. L. N. Lau
m ^ ^
(Liu Lu-nan)
Mr. L. N. Lau was born in 1892 in the district of Sunwui, Canton,
Kwantung Province. He was graduated from Canton Christian College at
the age of 23, and went to America, graduating in 1919 from the College-
of Arts and Sciences of Cornell University. After graduation he went
into the real estate business in Florida, organizing the Florida Agricultural
Corporation in 1919 which now has a paid-up capital of •S20O,000. He
has been director, vice-president and treasurer of the concern since its
organization. Returning to China in 1920, Mr. Lau was appointed secretary
to the director of the Canton Mint. When the Chinese Merchants' Ba-nk,
Ltd. of Hongkong opened an agency in New York City in 1922, Mr.
Lau took charge there and has remained as agent since. In 1924 he was
elected vice-president and a director of Vantine, ; Inc., a flourishing store
near Fifth Avenue, New York, dealing in Oriental merchandise. Mr. I^aa
was one of the founders of the Rho Psi Fraternity at Cornell University,
a society particularly well-known to Chinese students in America.
546
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Liu Shih-hsun
Mr. Liu Shih-hsun, was born at Nan-hui Hsien Kiangsu, 1868, was a
student at the Kiangnan Arsenal School, Shanghai, 'and later at the School
of Foreign Languages, Peking^ He studied French for fifteen years in
China before he was sent to the Chinese Legation at Paris as a stiudent-
interpreter. After having stayed in France for some time, he was trans-
ferred to the Chinese Legation at Petrograd ' and then to Berlin. Having
acquired an intimate knowledge of international affairs, he was called back
to be a member of the Tsungli Yamen or State Department. After the
Boxer uprising in 1900, he assisted Viceroy 'Li Hung-chang in restoring
friendly relations with foreign countries. Afterward, he was sent to Yun-
nan and arranged a settlement of a boundary dispute between that province
and Tonguin. In 1904 a mission was sent to England to attend the corona-
tion of King Edward VII and Mr. Liu was a French secretary to the
mission. On that occasion, he visited the principaL countries in Europe.
Later he was appointed first secretary to the Chinese Legation at Paris,
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 547
and when Sun Pao-chi was transferred back to China to be Chief Secretary
of the government Council in 1906, succeeded him as Chinese Minister to
France. He stayed in France until September 1912. During his residence
at Paris, he was a member of the perm.anent Council of Arbitration at the
Hague. After the first revolution and the establishment of the Republic,
Mr. Liu returned to China and was Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs between
January and August 1913. Upon his resignation from the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs, he was sent to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, as Chinese Minister
in December 1914 and remained there until December 1916. Mr. Liu
again became Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs at the end of 1916 and
continued holding the position until March 1917. After his resignation, he
was appointed Councillor to the President and a member of the Commission
for Foreign Affairs in Peking. In January 1920 he was conferred the
Second Class Wenfu. In September 1920 he was again appointed Vice-
Minister of Foreign Affairs. In September 1920 he became concurrently
President of the Famine Relief Commission in the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs; in October, President of the Commission for the Examination of
Diplomatic and Consular Officers. In January 1921 Mr. Liu was awarded
the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho and in November the First Class
Tashou Chiaho. In January 1922 Mr. Lin was relieved of the Vice-
Ministership. Subsequently he became Vice-President of the Commission
for the Study of Treaties and also 'Chief of the Washington Conference
Preparation Bureau. In March 1922 Mr. Liu was awarded the First Class
Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In May 1923 he was appointed Vice-President
of the Diplomatic Commission. In 1904, he married a young French girl
and at the end of 1912, returned to China with his wife. Mr. Liu has
been awarded the Commandeur de la Legion d'Honeur; Commandeur de
rOrdre de la Conception du Portugal; Chevalier de I'Ordre de Leopold de
Belgique. In addition to these, he has received many Chinese decorations
for his loyal services.
548
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Shu-yung Liu
(Liu Shu-yung)
Mr. Shu-yung Liu was born at Tai-shan district, Kwangtung province,
in 1897. He entered the middle school of Tsing Hua College, Peking, la
1911 and was graduated in 1918, going to the United States on a Boxer
scholarship in the summer of that year. He studied ceramic engineering
at Ohio State University and was graduated from the New York State
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 549
School of Ceramics and Clay Working in 1921 with the degree of B. S. in
Ceramic Engineering. After graduation, Mr. Liu was employed by the
Thatcher Furnace Company of New Jersey and later by the Baltimore Por-
celain Enamel Manufacturing Company, as an enamel chemist. He returned
to China in 1922 and was one of the promoters of the Chen Kwong Cera-
mics Company in Hongkong, a million dollar organization. Mr. Liu is at
present an engineer of the company.
^
550
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dakuin K. Lieu
(Liu Ta-chun)
Mr. Lieu was born at Chinkiang, Kiangsu Province, in 1891. He
studied mathematics, science and modern languages under private tutors
until he reached the age of 14 when he attended sch'ool in Shanghai and
Peking. At the former place he attended the Y. M. C. A. School; and at
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 551
the latter he went to the Wu Ch'eng Middle School first and then the Im-
perial University. In 1911 Mr. Lieu went to America and studied econ-
omics at the University of Michigan. In 1915, upon the advice and under
the direction of Professor Henry C. Adams, he travelled extensively in the
United States studying industrial and financial conditions of that country as
affected by the Great War. He received B. A. degree in June and was
elected to the Phi Beta Kappa Society. Upon returning to China, Mr. Lieu
became English Secretary of the Kiangsu Provincial Educational Associa-
tion. From 1916 to 1919 he was Professor of Economy in the Tsing Hua
College. During 1919-1920 he was Cost Accountant of the Hanyang Iron
Works. In 1920 he joined the Government Bureau of Economic Informa-
tion of which he is now Chief of the Research and Investigation Depart-
ment. In September 1923 Mr. Lieu was appointed expert of the All-China
Finance Commission. Mr. Lieu has served at different times as Secretary
of the Chinese Delegation to the Washington Conference, Expert of the
Special Tariff Conference Preparation Bureau of the Foreign Office, Dean
of the English Department of the Peking Goverriment Teaohers' College
Professor of English of the same college. Mr. Lieu was elected a Fellow
of the Royal English Society of Arts in 1920. He is a frequent contribut-
or to Chinese and foreign newspapers and magazines, such as the China
Weekly Review, the Wall Street Journal, New York, the London Financier,
the Baltimore Sun, the Chinese Social and Political Science Review, the
Chinese Bankers' Magazine in Peking, the Peking Daily News, the Peking
Leader, and other papers. Mr. Lieu has been awarded the Fourth Order
of Chiaho for "contribution to learning and service to society."
^
552
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Timothy Ting-fang Lew
m m. m
(Liu T'ing-fang)
Mr. Lew was born at Wenchow, Chekiang, in 1891 and received hie
preliminary education at St. John's University, Shanghai, where he won the
Viceroy's Medal for Chinese Essay Writing. Dr. Lew then went to America
and entered the University of Georgia where he won the Horace Russefl
Prize in Psychology. He later distinguished himself at Columbia University
where he received the degree of B. A. (1914), M. A. (1915,) and Ph. 'D.
in Psychology and Education (1920), and was a member of Phi Beta
Kappa. He then studied Theology in the Union Seminary, winning the
highest merit scholarship and an appointment to the Dean's Scholarship at
Columbia. Later he received from Yale the degree of Bachelor of Divin-
ity (B. D.) in 1918 with magna cum laude, winning also the Fogg Divinity
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 553
Scholarship. He was later appointed an Assistant in the Department of
Religious Education in Union Seminary, the first Chinese ever appointed
to teach anj' subject other than Chinese in an American theological school.
He was elected to membership in the American Society of Church History
and to the Council of the Religious Education Association.; Dr. Lew
returned to China in 1920, and was appointed Dean of the Graduate School
of Education, Peking Government Teachers' College; Professor of Psycho-
logy in the National University of Peking; and a member of the theological
faculty of the Peking University (Yenching Ta Hsu'eh). In 1921 Dr.
Lew was elected Dean of the School of Theology in the Yenching University,
resigning his deanship in Teachers' College. His activities pince his
return to China have been varied, including; joint-editor of China
in Education; joint-author with Dr. Hu Suh and others of "China To-day,"
"Some Aspects of Chinese Civilization;" joint-author with Prof. W. A.
McCall of Columbia of "How to Measure in Education," "Method of Con-
structing Psychological and Educational Tests;" author of "China in
America Text Books," "The Psychological Study of Learning Chinese,"
"Middle School Intelligence Tests," "Problems of the Chinese Church,"
"The Responsibility of Ministers in the Renaissance Movement;" associate
editor of The Journal of New Education; editor of The Life Journal;
member of the National Christian Council; member of the National Christian
Educational Association and Chairman of its Committee of Standardized
Tests; Member of the Literature Committee of the National Committee ofl
the Y. M. C. A; Board of Directors of the Peking Y. M. C. A; National
Association for the Advancemfent of Education; Executive Secretary of
the Society for the study of International Educati.o'n; Executive Counc'il
of the China Psychological Association; Commission of National Phonetics;
Commission of the Ministry of Education on the Investigation of Element-
ary School Records, etc. In addition to being Dean of the Faculty of'
Theology and Professor in the Peking University, Dr. Lew is also Professor
of the National Peking Normal University and Lecturer of the National
University of Peking. Dr. Lew's address is c/o Yenching University, Pek-
554
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Liu Tsun-hou
General Liu Tsun-hou was born at Chien-yang lisien, Szechuan
province, in 1885. In 1903 he entered the Military Academy at Chengtu
and in 1904 was sent to Japan to study in the Japinesa Cadets' Academy.
He was graduated from the Infantry Section of that Acaiemy in December
1908. Upon his return to Peking, in 1909 he passed examination and was'
given the rank of Chiu-jen. Subsequently he went to Yunnan where he
was appointed Director of the Yunnan Military Academy, ranking as s
Major. During the First Revolution in 1911-12, he was Chief Staff Oflicor
of the Yunnan Revolutionary government. In the meantime Yunnan leaders
had an unworthy ambition to gain control of Szechuan and they made plans
to come into the province in the name of assisting revolutionary movements
whereas thoir ulterior motive was to make Szechuan which is rich to supply
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 555
Yunnan which is unproductive. General Liu knowing the secret reported
the matter to the Szechuan government and there was a united sJjand
against the Yunnan invasion. Subsequently General Liu returned to
Szechuan and was given to command the 4th Szechuan Division, and also
made a Lieutenent General. In October 1913 he was appointed Garrison,
Commissioner of Chungking and given the Second Class Wenfu and
Second Class Chiaho. In 1914 he was given to command the Second Divi-
sion of Szechuan Army. In December 1915 came the Yunnan Revolt led
by the late General Tsai Ao against Yuan Shih-kai's monarchical movement.
General Liu responded to this call by gathering troops to help the Yunnan
forces. This attitude led to his dismissal from the post of Garrison Com-
missioner in February 1916. After the death of Yuan Shih-kai, the Peking
governm.ent gave him the brevet rank of Full General and also the command
of the First Szechuan Army., In February 1916 General Liu was relieved
of the Garrison Commissioner post. In July 1916 General Lo Pei-ching:
was appointed to act as both Civil and Military Governor of Szechuan for
General Tsai Ao who was sick. The new governor planned to set up a:
Southwestern government. His plan was, however, discovered by General
Liu who at once reported to the Peking government. Lo was furious &<b
this and drove him away from Chengtu. In the meanwhile another general
Tai Kan came into the province from Yunnan to oppose General Lo and
gradually assumed the position Lo had held. In April General Tai was
appointed bvV the Peking government to succeed General Lo. At the
same time General Liu was made a Chingchun with "Ch'ung-Wei" as
special title. In July 1917 Chang Hsun attempted to restore the Manchu
Throne. He appointed General Liu Governor of Szechuan. But this move-
ment died away shortly afterwards. Subsequently the Peking government
appointed him Commander-in-Chief of Southern Szechuan. This ap-
pointment led to fierce fighting between General Lo and himself. The
former yielded but was eventually killed by him. In December 1917 he
was appointed Tuchun of Szechuan. In the spring of 1918 trouble again
blew up. This time General Hsiung Ke-wu threw in his lot with Yunnan
and Kueichow and drove General Liu from Chengtu who subsequently went
to Shensi where he remained for some years. He was able to return for
a short period of time after the coup of General Lu Tao who succeeded i.n
driving out General Hsiung in 1919, at which time there was a series of
reverses with several men trying to gain control of the province. In 1920
General Hsiung was himself a fugitive. While at Paoning he sent to
General Liu for help. The latter appealed to Peking and was given order
to proceed at once to settle affairs of Szechuuan calling on Hunan, Kuei-
chow, Shensi and Kansu to assist him. This brings us down to the winter
of 1921. In the spring of 1924 when General Hsiung was finally defeated,
the Peking government made General Liu a Full General. As Szechuan
was now in peace, he asked four times for permission te resign from the
Tuchunship which he had held amid many viccisitudes since 1917. In
May 1924 General Yang Sen and Teng Shih-hou were appointed Military
and Civil Governors of Szechuan respectively. General Liu was appointed
the frontier Defence Commissioner of Szechuan and Shensi, and in June
1924 he became Inspector General of the Szechuan Arm.y which position he
is still holding.
556
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Lo Chong
(Lo Ch'anjf)
Mr. Lo Chong was born at Paoan Hsisii; Ruangtung, in 1883, and
received a large part of his education in Honolulu. Mr. Lo is a son-in
law of Kang Yu-wei.. In 1903 he went to England and attended Oxford
University. After having studied there for fully five years he received
his B. A. degree and returned to China. He took the Chinese government's
literary examinations for returned students, and received the degree of
A. M. His first official position was that of Imperial Clerk in the Ching
dynasty. In 1912, upon the establishment of the Republic, Mr. Lo was
made secretary to the Minist3r of Communications. From January 1914
to February 1915 he was Special Commissioner for Foreign Affairs to the
Province of Shantung. During his residence in Shantung, Mr. Lo was
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 557
confronted with the most difficult problems demanding solution. These
problems related to the siege of Tsingtao by Japan, the delineation of the
war zone by China, and other allied subjects connected therewith. In
March 1915 Mr. Lo Chong joined the Ministry cf Finance. A year later,
he was sent to Szechuan to audit the salt accounts. He returned in the
winter of the sam.e year, and was sent to Amoy by the government as
Superintendent of Customs and Commissioner for Foreign Aifairs. In the
summer of 1917 Lo Chong was given the con&iirrent position of Taoyin
of Amoy. He, remained, in that port, holding three positions at the same
time, namely Taoyin, Customs Superintendent and Commissioner for Foreign
Affairs of Amoy, untiil September 22, 1918 when he was appointed Consul-
General at Singapore. Soon after the appointment, Mr. Lo turned over
his old offices to his successor and came to Peking to ask for instructions
prior to his proceeding to Singapore. Upon his arrival in Peking in Jan-
uary 1919 he was appointed Acting Consul-General to London. In the
following month this appointment was substantiated to him. In September
1921 Mr. Lo was transferred to be Acting Consul-General at Singapore.
Since April 1922 he has been substantiated as Consul-General to Singapore.
^
558
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. R. Y. Lo
(Lo Yun-yen)
Dr. R. Y. Lo was born at Kiukiang, Kiangsi Province, in -1890. He
entered the William Nast College at Kiukiang in 1901 and graduated from
it in 1907. While still a student he began teaching ; he was teacher of the
Kiukiang First Government School and also of the Wen Hua School from
1906 to 1907. From 1907 to 1909 he was teaching in the Teh Hua, Kiuk-
kiang. Dr. Lo went to America in September 1909. He studied Liberal Arts
in the Baldwin- Wallace CoUeg.e of Berea, Ohio and graduated from it in
1911. In June 1911 he won a first prize in an oratorical contest. He re-
ceived the degree of B. A. that year. He was president of the Goethe
Society during 1910-1911. From 1911 to 1914 Dr. Lo was at Syracuse
University studying Economics and Political Science. He was taking a law
course during 1914 at the University of Michigan. He received the degree
of M. A. in 1912 and that of Ph. D. in 1914, the subject of his doctor's
WHO'S WHO IN ACHIN 559
disseration being "The Social Teaching of Confucious". While in America
in one summer vacation Dr. Lo made a lecture tour to the Northern States
of America. After his return to China in September 1914, Dr. Lo took
the chair of Sociology and Economics in William Nast College. His name
became known to the government authorities and he was offered an advisor-
ship in the Bureau of Foreign Affairs to the governor of Kiangsi, which
post he accepted and held for several years. In 1920 the Methodist
Episcopal Church in China sent him to Shanghai as editor of the Chinese
Christian Advocate and the Young Peoples Friend. Dr. Lo is author of
several books and a contributor to many periodicals both foreign and
Chinese. In recent years he has travelled quite extensively, giving
ispeeches to conferences and institutes, and as one of the Commission chair-
men, he attained high success in the preparation of the report of
"Commission IV" of the National Christian Conference which took place in
the Shanghai Town Hall In May 1922. At present Dr. Lo is general editor
of the Methodist Episcopal Church, vice-chairman of the China Christian
Literature Council, lecturer in the comparative Law School of Soochow
University, and a member of the Chinese Recorder's editorial board.
^
560
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Y. T. Lou
(Lou Yu-tao)
Mr. Y. T. Lou was born at Shaoshing, Chekiang Province, in I88O1
Since his youth he came to North China where his father waS' a very-
famous official who had been chief secretary to many Viceroys of Chihli
including Yuan Shih-kai, Mr. Lou entered the Peking Government Univer-
sity in 1891 and graduated from there in 1900. In 1902 he ,att»ejided the
Anglo-Chinese College, Tientsin. He arrived in America in March 1903
partly as Attache to the Chinese Minister at Washington, D. C, and partly
to study. Mr. Lou studied in the Oahu College unntil 1908. Then he went
to study law at Yale University where he graduated with the degree of B.
C. L. in 1911. In September that year he returned to China. From 1912
to 1913 Mr. Lou was Legal Advisor to the late Feng Kuo-chang who was
then Tutuh of Chihli. During 1914-1915 he was in America as Provincial
Delegate of Chihli of the Panama Pacific International Exposition. Mr.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 56L
Lou has been and is still Secretary to Director-General of the Kailan Min-
ing Administration since 1912; Legal Advisor to General Chi Hsieh-yuan of
Kiangsu since April 1923; and Councillor of the Ministry of Communica-
tions since 1923. Mr. Lou has been awarded by the Peking government
the Fourth Order of Chiaho. His address is 13 Ta Ching Lu, Hopei, Tientsin.
^
562
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Loh Zau-tsoong
1^ m m 'f' f-f K
(Lu Ch'ao-tsung)
Mr. Loh Zau-tsoong was born at Hangchow, Chekiang Province, in
1889. He is the youngest member of the Chinese section of the Bench of
the International Mixed Court at Shanghai who assumed his present post
four years ago. Graduating from the Law Department of the Imperial
University of Japan with degrees in law and politics, Mr. Loh returned to
China and joined the Ministry of Justice, serving in different capacities.
His good work and his per^Dnal qualities were recognized and Mr. Loh
was four years ago promoted to his present position. Mr. Loh, whose
name has been entered in the Cabinet registers as an official awaiting a
post, holds a decoration from Ministry of Justice and the Fifth Class order
of the Chiaho from the Central government.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
563
Mr. Lu Chengr-hsiang
Mr. Lu Cheng-hsiang, was born at Shanghai in 1870. Receiving his
first education at the Language School in the Kiangnan Arsenal, he was
sent to the Tung Wen Kwan College in Peking for his post-graduate work.
One year aftei- his post-graduation, he was sent to the Chinese Legation at
Petrograd as interpreter in 1890. In 1892 he was promoted to be attache,
and in 1893 secretary. He was afterwards deputed to accompany tho
Chinese Envoy Extraordinary to the coronation of the Tsar. In 1899 Min-
ister Lu was appointed to represent China at the Hague Conference. He
was made Minister to the Netherlands in 1905. When the second Hague
Conference convened, he was again appointed China's delegate. During his
second term as Chinese Mimster to Holland in 1908, he negotiated the
Consular Convention with that country. In the revolutionary year of 1911,
he was sent to the Hague to exchange ratifications of this Convention,
and thence proceeded to Petrograd to undertake negotiations with the
Russian government for the revision of the Treaty of 1881. At the same
564 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
time he was appointed Minister to Kussia, Lu Cheng-hsiang was elected
Minister of Foreign Affairs in the first Republican Cabinet in March 1912.
He arrived at Peking on May 24, to take up his new post. On June 17,
1912 he was ordered to act as Prime Minister. On June 29 he
was appointed Prime Minister and retained the portfolio of Foreign Af-
fairs. In September 1912 Mr. Lu resigned from the Prime Ministership.
From November 1912 to September 1913 he was again Minister of Foreign
Affairs. Subsequently he became Master of Ceremony in the President's
office. In January 1915 Mr. Lu was again appointed Minister of Foreign
Affairs. In December 1915 he was ordered to act for Hsu Shih-Ch'ang as
Secretary of State. This position he held until March 1916. In May 1916
he resigned from the Ministership of Foreign Affairs. In December 1917
Mr. Lu was again appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs. He remained
intact through the cabinet changes in March 1918 and January 1919. In
January 1919 Mr. Lu became China's Chief Delegate to the Paris Peace
Conference. In December 1919 he returned to Peking and became Minister
of Foreign Affairs again. In March 1920 Mr. Lu was awarded the First
Order of Merit. In August 1920 he was relieved of the Ministership of
Foreign Affairs. In October 1920 he became co-director of Government
Famine Relief Bureau. From May to August 1921 Mr. Lu was president
of the Famine Prevention Commission. In June 1922 he was appointed
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Switzerland and also
China's representative to the League of Nations. In October 1922 he
represented China at the International Laborers' Conference. At the
same time he was awarded the Second Class Wenfu. In September 1923
he represented China at the International Laborers' Conference again.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
56S
Mr. Lu Chih-I
3 l£ f» ^ 5^ 1^
Mr. Lu Chih-i was born at Szu-mao Hsien, Yunnan province, in 1880.
When a youth he was .given a thorough education in Chinese. In 1896
he became a Licentiate or B. A. In the summer of 1904 he went to Japan
where he first studied at the Hung Wen Academy taking the normal course
and then he joined Waseda University studying Political Economy. It was
about the time the Revolutionary Society Tung Ming Hui was organized and
Mr. Lu joined it when he was in Japan where the headquarters of this
secret society were situated. Upon his return to China, he was made
Chief of the Yunnan branch of the Tung Ming Hui. At the same time he
was editor of the magazine Yunnan, and the Yunnan Daily, both of which
were advocating drastic reform in China. In the winter of 1908 Mr. Lu
went to the western part of Yunnan via Burma on an attetopt to start the
revolution. Finally the plot failed and many of his colleagues were ar-
rested and decapitated. He fled to Rangoon where he became editor-in-
chief of the Kuang Hua Daily and Progress. In the winter of 1910 Mr, Lu
made another attempt in western Yunnan but it was frustrated by the
566 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
occupation of the Pima district by British troops. In the spring of 1911
he participated in the uprising in Canton. Upon the failure of the move-
ment, he went to Shanghai |and became an editor of the Ming Lieh Pao.
October 10, 1911, the First Revolution broke out at Wuchang, near Hankow.
Yunnan was not slow to respond and Mr. Lu bscame Secretary and Councillor
of the Tutu, Military Governor, of Yunnan. In the following months a
Provisional government took form at Nanking. All the provinces that had
declared independence sent its representatives to Nanking to participate
in the organization of the government. Mr. Lu was the representative
from Yunnan. On January 1, 1912, Dr. Sun Yat-sen was inaugurated as
the Provisional President of the Republic at Nanking. Mr. Lu was appointed
Vice-Minister of Justice. He resigned from this post in March 1912 when
the Provisional government was reiioved to Peking and Yuan Shih-kai
succeeded Sun Yat-sen as Provisional President. Then Mr. Lu became
chief of the Shanghai branch of the China Tung Ming Hui and also chief
editor of the Ming Kuo Hsin Wen. In the autumn of 1912 he went to the
South Sea Islands to establish branches of the Tung Ming Hui. In the
Spring of 1913 Mr. Lu 'was elected by the Provincial Assembly of Yunnan
to be a Senator of the First National Assembly. This Parliament was in-
augurated in April 1913 and subsequently he was elected a member of the
Constitution Drafting Committee. In June 1916, after the death of Yuan,
Parliament was reconvoked and Mr. Lu became a Senator again. After the
second dissolution of the Parliament in June 1917 by President Li Yuan-
hung, yielding to the demands of the militarists, Mr. Lu went to Canton to
join the constitutional government. In August 1917 these members of the
Parliament assembled at Canton and convoked the Extraordinary Parliament.
In 1918 Mr. Lu was concurrently a Councillor of the Military government.
In the winter of 1920 he became concurrently Vice-Minister of Justice of
the Military government. In the summer of 1921 Dr. Sun Yat-sen was
elected by the Extraordinary Parliament the President of China, Mr. Lu
was appointed Vice-Minister of Justice and at the same time acting as
Minister. In the autumn of 1922 the First Parliament was reconvoked at
Peking by President Li Yuan-hung, and Mr. Lu found himself in the Senate
again. He left Peking, however when President Li was ousted. He has
joined the Southern leaders again and he is now travelling between Canton
and Shanghai.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
567
General Lu Chin
General Lu Chin was born at Tientsin in 1880. After his graduation
from the Pel Yang Military Academy, he went to Japan where he first
entered the Cheng School and then the Military Officers Academy, Upon
his graduation General Lu returned to China and became a military officer.
Durinc the Ching Regime, he was first. Assistant Commander of the Artillery
Regiment of the First Army Corps, then Chief of Staff to the Second Army
Corps, then Director of the Staff Office of the Pei Yang Army, and finally
was Councillor to the Shantung Military Training Office. In 1912, General
Lu was Councillor to the Chihli Military Training Office and later became
the Chief of Staff to the Military Governor of Chihli. From Octjober 1913
he was Defence Commissioner of Tientsin until July 1914 when he was
called to Peking to become a Junior Member of the Chiang Chun Fu. In
1914 a Model Regiment was f.)nned in Peking, of which Yuan Shih-kai
himself was honorary colonel, and General Lu was a colonel commanding
one battalion. In 1917 he was appointed Assistant Chief of the General
568 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
staff and held that position for about two years. In January 1919 General
Lu was given the brevet of Chiangchun or Marshal. In December 1919 he
was made "Ming-Wu Chiangchun, a member of the College of Marshals. In
January 1920 General Lu was conferred the First-Class Tashou Chiaho. In
August 1920 he was appointed Acting Commander of the Ninth Division pf
the National Army. In October 1920 he was conferred the First- Class
Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In February 1921 General Lu was given the
brevet rank of a Full General. In November 1922 he was appointed Chief
Staff Officer to the High Inspecting Commissioner of Chihli, Shantung and
Honan. In March 1923 General Lu was awarded the Fourth Order of
Merit. In November 1923 he was made a Full General. Since January
1924 General Lu has been the Minister of War. In March 1924 he was
relieved of the Commandership of the Ninth Division of the National Army.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
569
Mr. Hingr-yun Loo
a.m m
(Lu Hsing-yuan)
Mr. Hing-yun Loo, also known as H. Y. Loo, is the fourth son of the
well-known late Loo Kow of Macao. He was born in 1885 in Macao. After
having received a Chinese education, Mr. Loo went to England in 1909.
He stayed in England for seven years attending Oxford University and
the Inner Temple in London being called to the English Bar in 1916 re-
ceiving the M. A. degree in 1915. Mr. Loo learned the French language while
in France for about a year. Since his return to China he has been practicing
law in Shanghai, Hongkong, and Canton. He was for a time lecturer on
Law in the Soochow University. He entered the government service at
Canton in 1919, when he was appointed a departmental chief of the Ministry
of Foreign Affairs. In 1920 Mr. Loo was invited by the Civil Governor,
General Chen Chiung-ming, to be his advisor and also a member of the law
compiling commission to draft the system of provincial government. In
February, 1921, Mr. Loo was appointed Chief Justice of a division of the
Supreme Court of the Constitutional government.
570
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Lu Hsueh-p'u
Mr. Lu, Hsueh-p'u was born at Tung Hsiang Hsien, Chekiang, in 1879.
Mr. Lu obtained the literary degree of Chu Jen or M. A. in 1901 through
competitive provincial examinations. Immediately after his successful ex-
aminations, he was awarded the rank of magistrate. In the last days of
the Tsing dynasty Mr. Lu served as chief of the Foreign Affairs Section at
Nanking when Tuan Fang was Viceroy of Liang K'ang, and held the same
position in Tientsin upon his chief's transference to the North to become
Viceroy of Peiyang. Later, he was appointed secretary to the Commissioner
of Education in the province of Fengtien. In Octobe|r, 1912, he was ap-
pointed junior secretary of the Ministry of Finance. Shortly afterwards
he was asked to act concurrently as chief of the First Section of the Loan
Department. In July, 1913, he was appointed to act as Chief of the Loan
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 571
Department, and in January 1914 he was appointed Chief of the Confidential
Affairs Section in the Bureau of Expenditure. In July of 1914 Mr. Lu
was promoted to be Director of the Loan Department which position he
has been successfully holding for the past six years. During this im-
portant period he participated in all important financial transactions, such
as the negotiations for the Reorganization Loan of 1913, the successful
issue of domestic loans in 1914 and the readjustment of all short term
foreign debts in 1915. In May 1919 Mr. Lu was ordered to act as Vice-
Minister of Finance. In December 1920 he was appointed Co-Director of
the Internal Loan Bureau. In February 1921 Mr. Lu was conferred the
Second Class Paokuang Chiaho. In March 1921 he was relieved of the
Directorship of a Department in the Ministry of Finance. In Decgmber
1921 he was appointed Vice-Minister of Finance. In May 1922 Mr. Lu
was relieved of the. Vice-Ministership and in August 1922 he resigned
from the post of Co-Director of the Internal Loans Bureau. Since his
retirement from official work Mr. Lu has been active in banking enter-
prises.
■.iS'
572
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Colonel Lu Jung-chien
Colonel Lu Jung-chien was born at Tientsin in 1878, his native home
is Tungshan Hsien, Chekiang Province. He received his prelimin-
ary education at the Police School in Paoting, Chihli, graduating in 1902.
Colonel Lu then entered the Tientsin Training School for Police and com-
pleted the course in 1903, after which he joined the Tientsin Police
Administration. In 1904 Colonel Lu became Chief of the Fourth Precinct
of the First Police Station in Tientsin and in 1905 he was promoted to be
Chief of the Third Station. In 1908 Colonel Lu was appointed Chief of the
General Affairs Section of the Kiangsu Constabulary and in, 1909 he was
transferred to Hankow as Advisor on Police Matters. Leaving Hankow
service in 1913, Colonel Lu was made Director of the Bureau of Commercial
Taxes at Fengtai, near Peking. In 1914 he became Proctor of Oil Ad-
ministration Transporting Office at Loyang. Later he was promoted to be
its co-director. In April 1916 Colonel Lu went to Hunan in connection
with the Mission to Pacify Western Hunan and in 1917 he returned to
Chihli becoming Chief of the Auditing Bureau of the Directorate General
of the Metropolitan Flood Relief and Conservancy of which the ex-Premier
HsiungHsi-lin was the Director-General. In 1918 Colonel Lu was appointed
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 573
Advisor to the Woosung and Shanghai Constabulary. In 1920 he beciame
Chief of the Secret Service. In 1923 he was promoted to be Chief of the
General Affairs Section of the same office. In November 1923, following
the assassination of General Hsu Kuo-liang, Colonel Lu w'as appointed
Acting Chief of the Woosung and Shanghai Constabulary, which position he
is still holding. Colonel Lu has been awarded by the Peking government
the Third Class Chiaho Decoration.
^
574
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Lu Vung-ting
General Lu Yung-ting was born at Hu-ming Hsien, Kuangsi Province,
in 185G. He was at one time a leader of outlaws but later reolaimed and
took military service when Soo Yuan-chun was Commander-in-Chief of
Kuangsi troops. In 19Q3 General Lu was commander of an expedition
against the bandits in Kuangsi during which he distinguished himself as a
good fighter. He was gradually promoted to Brigade General of Tso-
chiang Chen; Commander of the Defence Forces and Patrols of Lungchow;
and Provincial Commander of Kuangsi. In 1911 General Lu was appointed
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 575
Governor of Kiangsi, but prior to his departure for that province the First
Revolution broke out and he was elected Tutu of Kuangsi. In July 1912
General Lu was appointed Tutu of Kuangsi Province by the Central
Government. In June 1914 he was made a Chiangchun with "Ning-Wu"
as title, directing the Military Affairs of Kuangsi Province. General
Lu Yung-ting was given the rank of full general, and was appointed
to act concurrently as civil governor of Kuangsi. In December
of the same year. General Lu was made a first class duke by the late Pre-
sident Yuan. But he joined hands with the Yunnan troops under tha
leadership of General Tsai Ao and assisted in defeating the imperial troops.
In February, 1916, Kuangsi declared independence of the Central govern-
ment, and the monarchists in Peking were greatly alarmed. In June 1916
the monarchical movement was abandoned with the death of its promoter
and the Republic was restored. In July General Lu was transferred to
Kuangtung as Tuchun and awarded by General Li Yuan- hung, who was
then President of the Republic, the First order of Merit f'or the services
he had rendered during the third revolution. In April, 1917, General Lu
was appointed by the government Inspecting Commissioner of Kuangtung
and Kuangsi, which appointment was considered a great honor. About
the same time he took a trip to Peking to pay his respects to the president.
During his visit to Peking he had an audience with his former mastjer,
ex-Emperor Hsunan Tung, to whom he was still loyal. Following the dis-
solution of th? First Parliament which occurred in June 1917, the leaders
of Kuangtung and Kuangsi declared self-government although General Lu,
the Inspecting Commissioner of these provinces, did not approve of it. The
following month saw the monarchical restoration by Chang Hsun. Being
an old official of the Ching Dynasty, General Lu was appointed Viceroy of
Kuangtung and Kuangsi. But owing to the short life of the restoration,
he did not have time to make clear his attitude toward this appiointment.
Later, t he southern provinces opposed to the dissolution of the Parliament
refused to take instructions from Peking. General Lu joined the south in
order to strengthen his position. In November 1917 the Peking govern-
mont removed him from the post of Inspecting Commissioner of Kuangt;.ng
and Kuangsi, made him a Shan Chiang-chun (Marshal), and ordered him to
proceed, to Peking which he did not obey. In May 1918 the Extraordinary
Parliament at Canton elected Marshal Lu one of the seven Directors of
the Military government, the other six being Tang Shao-i, Tang Chi-yao,
Sun Yat-sen, Wu Ting-fang, Ling Pao-i and Tsen Chun-hsuan. At one time
most of the Southern and the South-western provinces were in a revolt
against Peking and in sympathy with Canton. In the summer of 1919 Sun
Yat-sen and his associates were ousted from power by the Kuangsi faction
under General Lu Yung -ting, and his nominee. Mo Jung-hsin, assumed
control of Kuangtung. In the Autumn of 1920 Ch'en Chiung-ming, Sun
Yat-sen's nominee, with the slogan 'Kuangtung for the Kuangtungese" at-
tacked and after a brief struggle drove out the Kuangsi faction. Marshal
Lu Jung-ting left Canton in Novem!)er for Kuangsi. In Dece'mber he
declared allegiance of Kuangsi to Peking again. At once the northern
576 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
government appointed him Director General of the Frontier Defence of
Kuangtung. In January 1921 Marshal Lu was appointed Director-General
of the Military Affairs on the Kuangsi Frontier. Since that time he car-
ried on fighting against Kuangtung until he was driven out of Kuangsi by
Ch'en Chiung-ming in July 1921 when he announced his resignation from
the post of Director General by a circular telegram. In September 1922
Marshal Lu returned to Lung-chow, Kuangsi, where he again took up the
post of Director-General of the Frontier Defence of Kuangsi. He was
appointed High Defence Commissioner for Kuangsi Frontier in November
1922 which position he is still holding.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
577
Mr. Tachuen S. K» Loh
H ^? IS ^ ii s
(Lu Shou-ching)
Mr. Tachuen S. K. Loh, was born January 1885, in Tsingpoo, near
Shanghai. He received his early education in Nanyang College, and, after
a brief career as a school teacher and a newspaper editor both in Shanghai
and Peking, he went in 1911 to the United States as a government student
and graduated from the University of Wisconsin in 1914. In January 1915,
he joined the Ministry of Justice as a junior clerk in the Civil Depart-
ment. He soon was appointed a member of the Judicial Reform Bureau.
In August 1916, he was jointly appointed by the Ministries of Justice and
Foreign Affairs as Magistrate of the Amoy Mixed Court, which office he
held for a year and a half when he was transferred to Shanghai as Chief
Justice of the Shanghai District Court. While magistrate of the Amoy
578 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mixed Court, he made many judicial reforms and was raucli admired by
both Chinese and Foreign communities. Being a native of Kiangsu, his
appointment as Chief Justice of the Shanghai Court was rather an
exception and consequently he was transferred to K'angsu. In 1918 and
1919, he concurrently held the offices of assistant sub-director of the
Repatriation bureau of German and Austrian subjects and also Chief of the
Executive Department of the Enemy Property Bureau. In 1920, he was
made Chief Secretary to Gen. Ho Feng-Lin, Military Governor for Sunkiang
and Shanghai, and has held that office up to the present. For some time
in 1922, he was also director of the Telegraph Material Supply Depaitment,
Shanghai, and Advisor to the Ministry of Communications. Aside from
his official capacities, Judge Loh is vice-president of the American Re-
turned Students' Club, Shanghai member of the Board of Trustees of Futa'n
University, and a member of the Chinese and Foreign Famine Relief Com-
mittee.
JH
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
579
Mr. Lu Tsung-yu
Mr. Lu Tsung-yu was born at Hai-ning Hsien, Chekiang Province, in
1875. He graduated from the Waseda University, -Japan. In 1905 Mr. Lu
attended the Imperial Examination for returned students and obtained the
^legree of Chu- jen. He was subsequently made an expectant secretary of the
Grand Secretariat or State Department. In August 1905 the Imperial
government sent five high officials, Prince Tsai Tse, Tai Hung-tze, Hsu
Shih-ch'ang, Tuan Fang and Shao Ying, on a m'ssion to study the constitu-
tional conditions of the different foreign nations. Mr. Lu was with the
mission as Second Class Councillor. Upon the return of the mission to
Peking in September 1906, Mr. Lu was appointed a Junior Secretary of
the Board of Police. When Hsu Shih-ch'ang- became Viceroy of Manchuria
580 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
in May 1907, he took Mr. Lu with him. While in Manchuria Mr. Lu was
first Director of the Manchuria Salt Bureau and later its Director-General.
He stayed there until March 1919 when he returned to Peking with Viceroy
Hsu who was then appoirtted President of the Board of Communications.
In 1909 Mr. Lu received two appointments, ais a Mentber of the Constitu-
tional Laws Investigation and Compilation Bureau and Chief Inspector of
the Bank of Communications. From the latter mentioned position he was
soon promoted to be vice-president of the Bank, For a time he was a
Councillor of the Board of Finance. Lu Tsung-yu, director of the Chinese-
Japanese Exchange Bank is a native of Haining-hsien, Chekiang. He is
partly responsible for the Japanese loans which China concluded in 1917
and 1918. During the Tsing dynasty, Mr. Lu received the second literary
degree through public examinations. Upon receipt of the degree, he went
to Japan to pursue a short course, in political science. Through his abil-
ity in entertaining officials of the hour, Mr. Lu received quick promotions.
Before long he became Assistant Proctor in the Government Council. In
the summer 1910 Mr. Lu was appointed by an Imperial Edict a Member of the
Imperial Advisory Council which had been established in January 1907 at
the suggestion of the aforementioned missioit. He was still holding the
1909 appointments!. In 1911, before the outbreak of the First Revoliution,
Mr. Lu was appointed Chieff of the Bureau of Printing and Engraving in
the Cabinet. In January 1912 before the abdication of the Manchu Throne
he was appointed by Prime M,inister Yuan Shih-kai the Junior General
Secretary of the Board of Finance. In March 1912 Yuan Shih-kai, who
had just been elected President of the Republic by the National Council
at Nanking, appointed Mr. Lu the Vice-Director of the Board of Finance
which later changed into Ministry of Finance. In September 1912 Mr. Lu
was appointed Financial Advisor to the President. In 1913 he was elected
a Senator of the First National Assembly which was formally inaugurated
in Peking in April that year. In Decv^mber 1913 he was appointed Chinese
Minister Plenipotentiary to Japan. The significance of this appointment
was generally believed to be that President Yuan sent him to Japan to
work for the recognition of the monarchical government of China. He
was considered one of the important officials of the monarchical movement
of Yuan Shih-kai. Yuan Shih-kai died on June 6, 1916. Mr. Lu tendered
his resignation from the Ministership ion June 30, 1916. He remained in
Japan for some time and returned to China. Shortly afterwards he became
interested in Chinese-Japanese co-operation in the industrial development
of China. He was accountable for the formation of the Chinese-Japanese
Exchange Bank, of which he was appointed a Chinese director. It is
believed that the bank does not have any Chinese capital. As a director
of the bank, Lu Tsung-yu has contracted many loans from Japan for the
Chinese militarists in the North. Through his Japanese influence, he was
a;ppointed in 1919 director of several Chihli mines.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
581
General Lu Yung-bsiang
582
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Lu Yung-hsiang was born at Tsi-yang Hsien, Shantung
Province, in 1867. He joined the Shanhaikuan Military Academy in 1887
and graduated from it in 1891. General Lu joined the army after grad-
uation and worked his way up. On account of his bravery he soon became
known as an able infantry commander in the Peiyang Army. From the
rank of Tsung-ping or Brigade General to that of Ti-tu or Provincial Com-
mander-in-Chief. Next promotion ranked him as Fu Tu-tung or Manchu
General. General Lu held at different times the following positions under
the Ching regime: Assistant Commander of the Right Wing of the
Shantung Troops; Commander of several Regiments of left Division of
the Peiyang Troops; Infantry Commander of the 11th Brigade of the Im-
perial Army; Commander-in-Chief of the 5th Brigade of the Imperial Army.
In 1911 General Lu became Commander of the 5th Mixed Brigade with the
rank of a Major-General. When the First Revolution broke out in October
that year, his soldiers fought bravely on the side of Imperialists at Nang
Tzu Kuan, the month of Shansi, on the Cheng Tai Railway. In 1912 Pre-
sident Yuan Shih-kai promoted General Lu to be a Lieutenant Gener'al
and was soon appointed Commander of the 20th Division of the National
Army. In 1914 General Lu was Itran'sf erred to be Commander of the 10th
Division. During that period he was conferred the Fourth Order of Merit
and the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho Decoration. In December 1915 he
was appointed Assistant Defence Commissioner of Shanghai and Woosung
while General Yang was the Principal Commissioner. In January 1917
General Yang became Tuchun of Chekiang and General Lu was promoted
Defence Commissioner of Shanghai and Woosung still commanding the 10th
Division.. He was concurrently Co-Director of the Military Affairs of
Kiangsu. In July 1917 General Chang Hsun effected a monarchical rest-
oration and the new imperial government appointed General Lu the
Military Commander-in-Chief of Kiangnan, south of the Yangtze. During
1918-19 General Lu's soldiers were totally engaged in the construction of
the macadamized road from Shanghai to Woosung. In August 1919 he was
appointed to be concurrently the Tuchun of Chekiang, to succeed General
Yang Shan-te who had died at Hangchow. The post of Military Commis-
sioner of Shanghai and Woosung was not relieved until July 1920 when General
Ho Feng-lin was appointed to that post and he himself became the Tuchun
of Chekiang. In March 1920 General Lu was awarded the First Order of
Merit and in October 1920 the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In
January 1922 he was made a Full General. In June 1922 General Lu
severed his connection with the Peking government by abolishing the
Tuchun system and declaring himself the Director of Military Affairs of
Chekiang. Up to September 1924, he was the only Anfu General who
managed to retain his post following the collapse of the Anfu party in
1920. As a result of the Civil War which began in September 1924, Marshal
Lu was finally defeated after what was considered to be the most serioua
fighting which has taken place in China since the Revolution. The Chihli
forces launched their attack on Marshal Lu both from the North along the
Shanghai-Nanking Railway and the South from Fukien province. Marshal
Lu first retreated from Hangchow to Shanghai and after a strong stand at
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 583
Shanghai was forced to retire and go to Japan. Following the defeat of
the Chihli party in the North Marshal Lu returned to China by way of
Mukden where he received support from Marshal Chang Tso-lin and finally
was appointed Tuchun of Kiangsu province with headquarters in Nanking,
where he is now stationed.
Jt
584
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Lun Wan-sheung
(Lun Yun-h«iang)
Mr. Lun Wan-sheung, chief engineer of the Canton Municipality, was
born at Canton in 1884. Mr. Lun went to the United Kingdom for nine
years and studied at the Victoria University in Edinburgh, where he grad-
uated in 1914, after undergoing the full course of eng^ineering.. After
graduation, he was for more than three years in the various departments
of the Edinburgh Municipality. At the same time he studied the police
and the detective system of the United Kingdom in the Police force of
Edinburgh and Soctland Yard, the most famous detective office in the world.
In 191G, when Mr. Lun returned to China, he joined the Public Works
Department as engineer to the commissioner of Police of Kwangtung'. In
1917, as soon as the Canton Municipality was established, Mr. Lun became
p
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 585
the englneer-in-chief of this office. In March, 1920, he was also made
engineer-in-chief of the Military Roads Bureau of Kwangtung, of which
the Military Governor is the director-general. Since Mr. Lun took up
his position in the Canton Municipality, he has pulled down about sev'en
miles of the city walls and constructed more than sixteen miles of modern
roads of the various width from 80 to 150 feet. He has also opened
several gardens, and modern markets. He is now preparing his second
plan of reform work which involves more than thirty miles of modern
roads.
^
586
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Ma Fu-hsiang
H Mh # ^ ^ •'f
General Ma Fu-hsiang was born at Tao-ho Hsien, Kansu province. He
was a Provincial Graduate in military science, having successfully passed
the provincial examinations. The highest position General Ma held under
the Ching regime was that of Brigade-General at Palikun, New Dominion.
In July-August 1912, Genera! Ma was Acting Chief Executive Officer at Ko-
konor. In October 1912 he was appointed Commander of the Guards Division
stationed at Altai. In September 1913 Geneial Ma was appointed Deputy
Military Commissioner of Ninghsia, Kansu Province. Subsequently he was
made a Lieutenant General. In May 1917 General Ma was awarded the
Third Order of Merit; in July 1919, the First Class Tashou Chiaho; and in
October 1920, the Second Order of Merit. In December 192J General Ma
was appointed Tutung or Governor of the Suiyuan Special Area. In July
1922 General Ma was made a Chiangchun with the special title "Hsiang
Wu"; and in October 1922 he was given the First Class Tashou Pao-
kuang Chiaho Decoration.
m
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
587
Dr. Ma Chun-wu
M, ^ -P S ^
(Ma Ho)
Dr. Ma Chun-wu was born at Kueiling, Kuangsi province, in 1891.
After receiving his Chinese education, he went to Japan and studied in
the Kyoto Imperial University from which he graduated in 1906. From
Japan Dr. Ma went to Germany and entered "Die Kaiserlische Technische
Hochschule zu Berlin." From this University he obtained in 1910 the
degree of "Diplom Ingenieur" and in 1915 that of "Doktor Ingenieur"
588 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
through an essay on "Vergleicheude untersuchung uber die phyS'kalischen
und chemischen Eigenschaften der chinesischen und iapanischen Seiden."
In the winter 1911 Dr. Ma was elected by the Provincial Assembly of
Kuangsi as representative to Nanking to draft the Provisional Constitution.
In January 1912 President Sun Yat-sen appointed him Vice-Minister of
Agriculture and Commerce, which post he held until the government was
moved to Peking in April of same year. In February 1913 Dr. Ma was
elected by the Kuangsi Provincial Assembly as a senator to the Peking
parliament, as a iKuomingtang member. His party was proscribed by Yuan
Shih-kai as a seditious organization and all members of the two Houses
belonging to this Party were unseated in November 1913. The Parliament
was dissolved in January 1914. The First Parliament enjoyed another year
of life in Peking after the death of Yuan Shih-kai in June 1916, but was
again dissolved in June 1917. Dr. Ma remained in Peking as Senator for
a part of this period, and in 1918 he was appointed by the Constitutional
government, headed by Dr. Sun Yat-sen, as the Minister of Communications.
From 1918 to 1920 he worked at the Canton Arsenal as Chief Chemical
Engineer. In December 1920 Dr. Sun Yat-sen returned to Canton again
with the late Dr. Wu Ting-fang and Tang Shao-i and Dr. Ma was ap-
pointed Chief Secretary of the government. In July 1921 he was appointed
Civil Governor of Kuangsi which position he held until December 1922.
Since his retirement from Kuangsi, he has been interesting himself in farm-
ing. In October 1922 he received from President Li Yuan Hung the First
Order of Tashou Chiao. Dr. Ma has translated a large number of books
into Chinese among which are Charles Darwin's Origin of Species, John S.
Mill's On Liberty, Herbert Spencer's Principles of Sociology, Ernst
Haeckel's Die Weltraetzel, Eugen von Philippovich's Volkwritschafts politik,
J. J. Rousseau's Du Contrat Social, Prof. Kiepert's Differential Equations,
Todhunter's Trigonometry, ' West- worth's Plans & Solid Geometry, Prof.
Remsen's Elements of Chemistry, and Elements of Organic Chemistry, Dr.
Hussak's Mineralogie, Lanenstein's Mechanik. In addition Dr. Ma has also
written many books among which the following are specially noted: Text-
book of Zoology, Textbook of Botany, German-Chinese Dictionary, Poetical
Works. All the above works, translated as well as written, were published
either by the Commercial Press or the Chun Hwa Book Company of Shanghai.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
589
Mr. Ma Hsiao-chin
Mr. Ma Hsiao-chin was born at Tai-shan Hsien, Kuangtung Province, in
1887. He was a Province Graduate in the Ching regime. Mr. Ma studied
in the following schools: School of Political Science, Canton; St. Stephen's
College, Hongkong; Columbia University and New York University, U. S.
A. Mr. Ma was a prominent member of the revolutionary party Tung.
Ming Hui, and played important roles in its activities prior to the estab-
lishm.ent of the Republic. In January 1912 the Nanking Provincial govern-
ment awarded Mr. Ma an Order of Merit. In 1913 Mr. Ma was elected a
member of the Lower House of the First Parliament which was convoked
in Peking in April 1913 and dissolved by Yuan Shih-kai in January 1914.
590 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
He was a Kuomingtang member in Parliament. Besides being on the
Foreign Affairs and the Finance Committees of the House, he was also a
member of the Constitution Drafting Commission. After the dissolution of
Parliament and the overthrow of the Second Revolution, Mr. Ma severed
his connection with the Kuomingtang. Subsequently he became a Secretary
to President Yuan. Later he was appointed Secretary of the Ministry of
Finance and still later a co-director of the Customs Administration. Mr.
Ma returned to Parliament again when it was reconvoked in 1916 subse-
quent to the death of Yuan Shih-kai. After its second dissolution in June
1917, Mr. Ma returned to Kuangtung and became a member of the Extraordin-
ary Parliament which was convoked at Canton in August 1917. While at
Canton Mr. Ma also held the position of Councellor to the Generalissimo
and also to the Tuchun of Kuangtung. For a time Mr. Ma kept himself
away from politics and took interest in educational work, being Dean of
St, Stephen's College, and Professor of St. Paul's College. The First Par-
liament being reconvoked in July 1922, Mr. Ma returned to Peking and
became an M. P. again, and still continues as such. The highest decora-
tions Mr. Ma has been awarded are the Second Class Tashou Paokuang
Chiaho (April 1923) and the Third Class Wenfu (May 1923). During the
past ten years, aside from his holding offices, Mr. Ma has been contributing
editor and special correspondent of several papers and periodicals, in China
and in foreign countries. Being a scholar in Chinese classics and also a
poet, Mr. Ma has made a large number of contributions to the literary
world. He is the author of "The Diary of a Traveler," "A Short History
of World Literature," "Poems and Essays by Hsiao-Chin," "How to Im-
prove China's Tea Industry," "How to Improve Chinese Cotton," "On Woman
Suffrage," "Constitutional Freedom," "General Outline of Law," etc.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
591
Mr.
Ma
Soo
m
'#
m '
(M
a Su)
Mr. Ma Soo was born in 1883 at Shanghai. He first studied in
the regular Confucian school and then attended St. -Joseph's College at
Hongkong where he stayed until he had passed the examination for the
Oxford senior. He went to Canton to teach and after staying there for a
while returned to Shanghai to became Professor, of History at the Nan-
yang College. He taught at that College for two years. He joined Dr. Sun
Yat-sen in 1911 as his private secretary at Shanghai. He took part in the
attack on the Kiangnan Arsenal with Chen Chi-mei during the First
Revolution. After the revolution, he accompanied Dr. Sun Yat-sen to
Nanking in the capacity of English Secretary. In 1912 he started the
China Republican, an English daily paper, at Shanghai. The paper was
closed by the authorities of the French Concession on November 6, 1913,
592 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
on account of its extreme views on politics. In 1914 he went to London
and studied at the School of Economics and Political Science of the
London University. In 1915 he went to New Yoik and studied at Columbia
and New York universities. He studied in these two universities until
1919 when the degree of M. A. was awarded him. He specialized
in philosophy. While studying in New York, he lectured on Chinese arts.
He is now at the head of the Kuo Ming Tang in America, Canada and
Mexico. Shortly before returning to China in August 1920 he held a Kuo
Ming Tang Conference in Philadephia which was attended by delegates
from all over the United States. At the Washington Conference in 1921-
22, Mr. Ma Soo served as a special delegate appointed by the Kuomingtang
in South China, and maintained an office in Washington during the course
of the Conference, where he exercised considerable influence on course of
events at that meeting. Mr. Ma Soo also ; edited a magazine devoted tq
Chinese interests in New York known as the China Review, which had a
considerable circulation both among Chinese and Americans interested in
China, In the fall of 1924, he returned to China, and delivered a number
of addresses in opposition to the radical elements which were trying, to
swing the Kuomingtang party in favor of communism. Mr. Ma Soo is now
residing in Shanghai.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
593
Dr. Ma Yin-ch'u
Dr. Ma Yin-ch'u was born at Ch'eng Hsien, Chekiang Province, in 1884.
After having studied at Peiyang University, Tientsin, he went to America
with government support to pursue higher education. He was in America
studying for nine years. The first school Dr. Ma attended in America was
Yale University where he graduated in 1910 with the degree of B. A.
Then he was admitted to the Columbia University to do research work on
Political Economy and there obtained the degree of M .A., and also that
of Ph. D. Following his graduation from Columbia, Dr. Ma spent two
594 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
years at the Department of Commerce in the University of New York.
During this period of time he devoted himself to the study of high ac-
countancy and statistics and finally wrote a book entitled The Finances
of the City of New York. Dr. Ma returned to China in 1915, when he
became a Professor of Economy in the Peking Government Univiersity.
Later he was given the Chair of the Department of Economy. Subse-
quently the university underwent a reorganization and Dr. Ma was
appointed Dean of the University. In 1920 Dr. Ma left Peking for Shang-
hai where he took up the advisorship to the National Comtnercial Bank,
and at the same time played an important part in the founding and
organization of the Department of Commerce at Shanghai under the South-
Eastern University, Nanking. In 1922 Dr. Ma returned to Peking
to become the Chief of the Issue Department of the Bank of China
in its head office. At the same time he again accepted the professtorship
in the Department of Economy of the Peking Government Universitly.
These positions Dr. Ma still holds. Dr. Ma has been spending his leisure'
time in writing books, giving lectures and making study on economic
sciences in general and on Chinese financial problems in particular. The
first volume of his lectures has been lately published.
^
I
WHO'S WHO Ix\ CHINA
595
Mr. M. Y. San
,S 3E 111 ^ 5 OJ
(Ma Yu-san)
Mr. M. Y. San was born at Hsiang Shan Hsien Kuangtung province, in
1878. He became a merchant abroad while still a youth. In the Philippine
Islands, Mr. M. Y. San established a confectionery and biscuit factory, and
made rapid success, in his business. After the establishment of the Re-
public in 1912, Mr. M. Y. San returned to Canton. He extended his con-
fectionery business by establishing a central factory at Hongkong, regis-
tering with the Hongkong government, increasing the capital to three
million dollars. Subsequently he put up a special factory to make
596 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
sweetened gingeirs and also a glass factory at Hongkong. Soon afterwards,
Mr. M. Y. San opened his head office in a building in Nanking Road,
Shanghai. With this place as his headquarters and with branches all over
China and the South Sea Islands, he carried on export business on an
extensive scale. In 1921 he promoted the China National Sugar Refining
Company for which a capital of ten million dollars was subscribed. The
Chinese government granted tax exemption on the products of that com-
pany for a period of ten years. The factory is situated at Woosung, near
Shanghai. In 1922 Mr. M. Y. San made a round-the-world trip to
investigate sugar production in the different countries. He was also on
a government mission to study the industrial conditions of the various
nations. During his trip, he personally inspected all the leading factories
of Great Britain, the United States, Germany, France, Japan, Switzerland,
Holland, and the South Sea Islands. Mr. M. Y. San is at present president
of the M. Y. San Confectionery and Biscuit Manufacturing Company, as
well as of the China National Sugar Refining Co.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
597
Mr. T. H. Mai
(Mai Tso-heng)
Mr. T. H. Mai was born in Canton in 1895. From 1902 to 1908, he.
studied at home, and then entered the Kwangtung school, Peking, for two
years. The following year, he studied at the preparatory school of the
College of Finance, Peking, and then studied at Tsing Hua College from
1911 to 1917. Going to the United States, he received an A. B. degree
from Beloit College, Wisconsin, in 1919, and was a graduate student at
Columbia University during 1919-20. After several months experience in
the Harriman National Bank in New York, he returned to China in 1921,
and shortly secured a "position as assistant manager of the Hankow branch
of the Industrial and Commercial Bank. He was soon transferred to Hong-
kong in a similar capacity and rose to manager of the Hongkong branch
in 1922, at the same time occupying the assistant managership of the Fu
Tien Bank. In 1923, he was promoted to the assistant general managership
of the Industrial and Commercial Bank.
598
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Thomson Eason Mao
^ ^U # * Jg E
(Mao I-eheng)
Dr. Thomson E. Mao was born at Chinkiang, Kiangsu Province, in 1896.
He received his middle-school education in Shanghai. In 1910 Dr. Mao
entered the Tangshan Engineering College, Tangshan, taking civil engine-
ering courses. From that institution he graduated in 1916. Immediately
after his graduation from Tangshan, Dr. Mao went to America. He obtained
the degree of M. C. E., from the Cornell University in 1917; served as
engineer with McClintic, Marshal Construction Company, Pittsburgh, 1917-
18, and was given the degree of Doctor of Engineering by the Carnegie
Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh, in 1920. He is the first Chinese
receiving this degree, his thesis being "Secondary Stresses in Bridge'
Trusses." Dr. Mao returned to China in 1917. He served as Professor of
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 599
Bridge Engineering and engineering management, Tangshan Engineering
College, Tangshan, 1917-18; in 1921 the Ministry of Communications
established the Communications University (Chiao Tung University) by
amalgamating the three colleges which had been maintained by the Minis-
try, the Tangshan Engineering College, the Shanghai Nanyang Collegfe, and
the Peking College of Communications. Dr. Mao was appointed assistant
principal and head of Civil Engineering Department, of the Tangshan
College of the Chiao Tung University. In 1922 Dr. Mao left Tangshan and
became Dean of College of Engineering, National Southeastern University,
Nanking. In the summer of 1924 the College of Engineering of the South-
eastern University was temporary suspended on account of lack of funds.
In July 1924 Dr. Mao became president of the Conservancy Engineering
College, Nanking. Dr. Mao is chairman of the Committee on Joint
Administration of Kiangsu Education and Industry, Nanking. He has been
awarded the honorable Fuertes Medal for Original Research by Cornell
University. He is a member of the Society for the Promotion of Engineering
Education, U.S.A., of the Chinese Engineering Society; and of the Chinese
Science Society. He is the author of many articles on Bridge Engineering
in America in Engineering periodicals.
^
600
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Fu Hung-chun
Mr. Pu Hung-chun, popularly known as Pu Yoong-ding, was the winner
of the first prize in a competition announced by the Chma Weekly Review
during 1924 for a "Most Practical Peace Plan for China."
Mx. Fu was born at the town of Li-li in Kiangsu Province and is 50
years of age. ' He received his education under several noted scholars,
including Chang Yi-ling, secretary to the late Yuan Shih-k'ai. In 1903
he received his bachelor's degree at the annual examinations of his native
Li-li Magistracy and in 1906 he organized the Jen Primary School in his
native village. In recognition of his educational work he was electetl
chairman of the Li-Li Educational Asyociation in 1913 when he held con-
currently the office of the principal of the First High School in Li-Li and
of the head of the Third Primary School of the same place.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 601
In 1914, he was appointed principal of the First Kuo Ming School of
Kiangsu, for which work he was awarded the third Class Chia Hsing
Medal by Governor Han Kuo-chun of the province. In 1915, he was elected
chairman of the Li-Li Educational Research Association and in 1918 he served
as Eiducational Commissioner for the same district receiving the gold
medal of the Wukiang Magistracy in the following year. In 1921, he
became chairman of the council of the Wukiang Educational Association,
but resigned his position to become secretary to Mr. H. Y. Moh, managing
director of the Cotton Goods Eu\change at Shanghai, when the exchange
opened in 1921. He is still serving in this position.
^
602
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Howard S. Moy
W ^ M
(Mei Ying-fu)
Mr. Howard S. Moy is & native of Kwangtung Province. He went to
America in 1898 and received most of his education there. He traveled
in Europe in 1906 with Kang Yu-wei and then returned to China where he
acted as English secretary for the Jun Wah Mining Company of Kwangsi
I'rovince. After his return to America he and his father became interested
in a chain of restaurants and cafes in Chicago and are now prop-rietors
of several enterprises of this kind, the chief one being the King Joy Lo of
Chicago, which was established fifteen years ago largely through the etforts
of Mr. Kang Yu-wei. It is in banking, however, that Mr. Moy has become
identified with the larger business interests of the Chicago district. He
is assistant manager of the foreign department of the Gi^eat Lakes Trust
Company of Chicago, an institution which was organized in 1919. This
was ~the first bank to be organized in Amierica that catered to Chinese
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 603
investors in the United States and has done a great deal to induce the
Chinese merchants of America to make investments in America rather than
send their surplus funds back of China. The bank has connections in China and
is now developing an ambitious banking scheme for both China and New
York City. The president of the bank is Harry H. Merrick, fomerly of
Armour and Company, and now president of the Mississippi Valley Associa-
tion and former president of the Chicago Association of Commerce. Mr.
Merrick is one of the leading business men of the Central Western part
of America and is an important factor in the development of Americ;an
trade in China. Mr. Moy was one of the organizers of the Chinese'
Industrial and Commercial Association of Chicago, an organization which
includes t he leading Chinese business men of that section. It is affiliated
with the Chicago Association of Commerce. There are approximately
5,000 Chinese in the Chicago district and they are said to own more than
G. $20,000,000 worth of real estate, chiefly business property in the city of
Chicago. They are actively woi king to make Chicago the center of Chinese-
American trade and are an active factor in encouraging the American man-
ufacturers in the Chicago and Mississippi Valley territory to extend their
selling organizations to China. Mr. Moy's father, Moy Wah June has been
president of the Chicago Chinese organization since its founding early in
1919.
^
604
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Meng En-yuan
General Meng En-yuan was born at Tientsin, in 1855. In his youth he
was very poor and was an ordinary trader. He had no opportunity of
receiving any education. He is illiterate and used very often to tell his
friends that he only learned four Chinese characters in his life-time, namely
Meng, En, Yuan (His name) and Ha (Tiger). Whenever there was any ;of-
ficial document for his signature, he simply signed on it the word "Hu."
In consequence he has been called by his friends "Hu Chiang-chun" or
Tiger General. At the age of about twenty, tired of his un-intere6t?ing
life, General Meng enlisted himself in the army and well liked his new
career. Gradual promotions followed. In a few years he was appointed
Commander of a 'Section of the Patrol Force of Chihli. Later he became
Commander of a Company of the Force and finally was promoted to be
Commander of the Force. In 1908 Geoieral Meng became director of the
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 605
Kirin Patrol Force, upon the establishment of the Republic, he was appointed
Division Commander of the Twenty-Third Division with his headquarters at
Kirin. In November 1912 he was given the office of Deputy Military Com-
missioner Kirin. In June 1914 the Central government awarded,
General Meng the rank of Chenan Chiang-chun and ordered him to superint-
end the military affairs of Kirin. In July 1916 General Meng was appointed
Tuchun or military governor of Kirin. In July 1917, when General Chang
Hsun's monarchical movement was launched, he was in Peking attending a
military conference. By an edict, Emperor Hsun Tung ordered him to be
Governor of Kirin. Union /the overthrow of Chang Hsun's attempt, he
secretly returned to Kirin to resume his old office. Subsequently the
Peking government tried to remove General Meng from office. In anti-
cipation of its intention to remove their chief, some of General Meng's
followers stationed from Kirin to Changchun declared independence of
Peking. General Chang Tso-ling, military governor of Fengtien, mobilized
his troops in position to fight them upon the order of the Central govern-
ment. It was at the time when Peking got itself ready to fight the South
and needed all available troops, having no desire to have any dissension in
its own camp. The proposal to dismiss General Meng from the Tuchunship
of Kirin was finally given up. In 1919 General Meng failed to agree with
General Chang Tso-ling, military governor of Fengtien, and also Inspecting
Commissioner of the Three Eastern Provinces, over the appointment of a
protegee of the latter to be the civil governor of Kirin. As General Chang
is virtually higher than General Meng in official rank, he succeeded in
having the latter dismissed in July 1919. The compensation for the dis-
misal was found in his being appointed a Chiangchun with a special title
"Hui Wei." General Meng was awarded the Third Order of Merit in
January 1920 and First Class Tashou Chiaho Decoration in October 1920.
General 'Meng has been a resident in Tientsin, interested in many
industrial enterprises.
606
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Miu Er-cfa'ao
e W f^ ^ it J8i
Mr. Miu Er-ch'ao was born at Hsuan-cheng Hsien, Yunnan province.
He was a scholar of the regular Confucian school in the Ching Dynasty
possesising unusual knowledge in old Chinese classics. Upon his becoming
a Pakung, he was given official appointment. Mr. Miu participated in the
First Revolution, playing his part in making Kuaichow and Yunnan respond
to tha revolutionary call. After the establishment of the Republic, for
many years Mr. Miu was magistrate in various districts in the remote region
of Kueichow Province. In 1922 General Li Keng-yuan became Minister of
Agriculture and Commerce. He appointed Mr. Miu Secretary of the Ministry
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 607
in December 1922. Mr. Miu was promoted to be Director in February 1923,
first in charge of the Forestry Department and later of the Sea Products
and Agriculture Department. In March 1924 Mr. Miu was appointed
Industrial Commissioner of the Suiyuan Special Area which position he is
still holding.
^
608
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Mou Lin
Mr. Mou Lin was born at Tseng-i Hsien, Kuelchow province, in 1879.
He Vas a provincial graduate in the Ching Dyrtasty and received a modern
education in Japan being graduated from the Normal Course of the Hung
Wen Academy. After his return from Japan, Mr. Mou served as President
of the Kueichow High Normal College and also of Kueiyang government
Middle School. In 1909 Tzu-I-Chu (Provincial Advisory Council) came into
Kueichow province. In 1910 the Tzu Chen Yuan (National Advisory
Council) was convoked in Peking, Mr. Mou being elected to represent
Kueichow in the Council. After the establishment of the Republic, Mr.
Mou was elected Member of the Lower House of the First Parliament
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 609
which was convoked in Peking in April 1913 and dissolved by Yuan Shih-
kai in January 1914. Mr. Mou played an important part in the Yunnan
Revolt against Yuan Shih-kai's monarchical attempt in 1915-16. Before
the Yunnan Uprising (December 25, 1915) Mr. Mou secretly went to Kuei-
chow where he came into close touch with the Commanders of the Kueichow
troops. These troops were afterwards engaged in actual campaigns against
the Northern troops. In August 1916, after the death of Yuan Shih-kai,
the First Parliament was reconvoked. Mr. Mou as an M. P. went to Peking
sometime after its convocation. The second dissolution of Parliament
occurred in June 1917, Mr. Mou in company with other M. P.'s went to Can-
ton where in August 1917 the Extraordinary Parliament came into existence.
During the period from August 1917 to October 1922 when the First
Parliament was for the third time convoked in Peking, Mr. Mou was
travelling through the southwestern provinces and between Canton and
Shanghai doing publicity work for the constitutional cause. Since October
1922 Mr. Mou has been in Peking taking his seat in Parliament. He was
awarded the Second Class Tashou Chiaho in October 1922 and the Second
Class Wenhu in January 1923.
^
610
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. H. Y. Moh
(Mu Hsiang-yueh)
Mr. H. Y. Moh was born at Shanghai in 1877. Between 1891 and 1898 he
worked in the cotton store owned by his father. Mr. Moh attended school from
1898 to 1900. From 1900 to 1905 he served as a clerk in the Shanghai Maritime
Customs. In 1906 he became supervisor as well as English instructor
at the Loong Meng Normal School Shanghai. Early in 1907, he was sent,
by the directors of the Kiangsu Railway Company to investigate the railway
police system in Northern and Central China. In the same year, he was
made Chief of the Police Department of the company. This position he
held till the end of 1908. In 1909, Mr. Moh sailed for the United States
and entered the University of Wisconsin, where he stayed till 1911. Then
he transferred his studies to the University of Illinois, where he completed
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 611
his course in agriculture and took the degree of B. S. in 1911. During the
summer of 1911 he took a special course on soap making in Armour In-
stitute, Chicago; thence he went to the Agricultural and Mechanical College
of Texas, College Station, Texas, where he studied cotton planting and
manufacturing. The degree of M. S. was awarded him by the college
in 1914. Immediately following his return to China in 1914 Mr. Moh con-
ducted a campaign for the establishment of a cotton mill. Assisted by
his brother, Mr. Moh Su-chai, a well-known cotton expert, Mr. Moh
succeeded in raising $200,000 and put his mill into operation in
June 1915. In 1914, Mr. Moh inaugurated a cotton experiment station
named after him, where American seeds were acclimated and freely dis-
tributed among the farmers. Mr. Moh's station was the first one that
introduced American varieties with satisfactory results. To encourage
the farmers to plant Amejrican seed, he established at his own expense
in 1918 on Lay Road, Shanghai, a cotton ginnery with American saw
gins. Recognizing his technical knowledge and managing ability, a group
of wealthy Chinese in 1916 ask^d Mr. Moh to organize for them another
huge cotton mill, the Huo Sang Cotton Mill. It had a captalization of
one million two hundred thousand taels, but since it started oper-
ation in June 1918 the paid-up capital has increased to two milli'on
taels. This mill 'being in the interior is able to render very effective
service to the public. Mr. Moh wrote in 1914 a book entitled Simpi'e
Remarks on Cotton Improvement over 30,000 copies of which have been
distributed throughout China. He also translated Dr. F. W. Taylor's, The
Principles of Scientific Management in 1915, and Mrs. W. A. Graham
Clark's, Cotton Goods in Japan, in 1916. In the autumn of 1919 Mr. Moh
represented China in the Pacific Commercial Conference held at Honolulu.
In October 1923 he was Chief Chinese Delegate to the Pan-Pacific Con-
ference held at the same place. In 1920 Mr. Moh organized the Chinese
Industrial Bank and the Chinese Cotton Goods Exchange, of which he is
president. He has served as President of China and the Ministry of
Agriculture and Commerce, honorary Advisor on Industry, Director of the
General Chamber of Commerce of Shanghai, the Vocational School of China,
chairman of the Cotton Extension and Improvement Committee of the Chinese
Cotton Mill Owners' Association, President of the American Returned Stud-
ents' Club, and Advisor to the Shanghai Municipal Council.
612
WHO'S WHO IN CHLNA
Mr. C. C. Nieh
(NiehCh'i.chieh)
Mr. C. C. Nieh, was born in 1880 at Changsha, Hunan. His father
was the late Chih-kuei, Taotai of Shanghai and Governor of Kiangsu and
Chekiang Provinces. Governor Nieh, it will be remembered, was the first
man in China to build iron clad ships and 12 inch guns, while acting as
director of the Kiangnan Arsenal. Mr. Nieh's maternal grandfather was
Marquis Tseng Kuo-fang China's famous statesman. When only two years
old, Mr. Nieh was brought to Shanghai by his family. Like sons of all
Chinese high officials at that time, Mr. Nieh was educated under private
tutorage together with his five brothers and four sisters. Mr. Nieh pur-
sued courses in engineering, electrical and chemical engineering, without
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 613
teachers and to-day he is considered not only an officient engineer but
also one of the best English speaking Chinese orators in the country. In
1904, Mr. Nieh gathered together his influential friends and purchased the
Heng Foong Cotton Mill in Yangtszepoo. The mill, which had 15,000
spindles, was being run at a losis. To reorganise the plant was indeed an
uphill fight, but Mr. Nieh, after persistent hard labor, succeeded in show-
ing a profit on the balance sheet by the end of the sixth year of its
reorganization. To-day the Heng Foong Cotton Mill is giving employment to
1,500 people and is capitalised at Tls. 1,500,000 The mill maintains ten scholar-
ships in the Technical College, Nantungchow, two in France and two in the
United States and a few in England. It also maintains a school within the mill,
administered by two superintendents educated in Japan. Mr. Nieh was
Vice-President of the Chinese Commercial Commission to the United States
in 1915 as a return visit to the Pacific Commercial Commission. Durin;g
his visit in America, he extended an invitation to most of the cotton experts
he met to visit China and give her their technical advic'es. Ais a result
of his efforts, several of them actually visited China, among them was Mr.
Griffin. For the work of improving Chinese cotton industry, Mr. Nieh
initated the idea of securing the co-operation of the agricultural depart-
ment of the University of Nanking. Mr. Nieh has been interested in many
other cotton mills such as the Dah Sung of Nantungchow, the Dah Sung of
Chungming Inland, and the Anglo-Chinese Cotton Mill of Shanghai. His
relation to them has been established through his being either their pro-
moter or their director. He is also a Committee man of the Cotton Mill
Owners' Association organized by foreigners, in Shanghai. In 1918 Mr. Nieh
organized the Chinese Cotton Mill Owners' Association in Shanghai and was
made its first President, and was responsible for the organization of the
Cotton Improvement Committee. In 1919 he organized the Great China
Cotton Mill of which he is still the general manager. Mr. Nieh is an
ardent advocate for the establishment of Vocational Educational Schools
and was one of the founders of the Vocational Educational School, West
Gate, which has proved to bei a great success, attracting students from all
parts of the country. In 1920 Mr. Nieh organized a larger school of the
same nature. It was equipped with a complete cotton mill, foundry and
workship. He became a southern Methodist in 1914 together with Mrs.
Nieh. Mr. Nieh has been connected with the Y, M. C. A. for about 18
years, serving on various committees and as director for the last eight
years. He is also treasurer- director of the National Committee, Y. M. C.
A. Among other offices, Mr. Nieh holds the presidency of the Chinese Cotton
Mill Owners' Association. He was first chairman of the Society for Con-
structive Endeavor and a member of the A. B. C. Club. He is also a
Member of the Chinese Advisory Council, the medium between the Chinese
rate-payers and the Municipal authorities in Shanghai. Mr. Nieh tran-
slated a book on telegraphy in 1901. Mr. Nieh was awarded by the Peking
government the Third Class Paokuang Chiaho in February 1920. He was
appointed in January 1923 a Member of the Commission for the Raising of
Educational Sinking Funds.
614
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Nieh Hsien-fan
Genera) Nieh Hsien-fan was born at He-fei Hsien, Anliui province, in
1880. He is the second son of the late General Nieh Shih-oheng,
Military Commander-in-Chief of Chihli and Director-General of Huai Chun
and other Imperial government troops, who died in the Sino-Japanese
War. On account of his father's distinguished service, the Imperial Ching
government awarded General Nieh Hsien-fan the rank of Prefect. Later
he was promoted to the rank of Taotai. General Nieh received militiarjr
education at the Chun-Wu Academy, Japan, in the same class with the late
General Tsai Ao, the hero of the Yunnan Uprising against Yuan Shih-kai.
After his return from Japan, General Nieh served under the Ching regime
as Co-Director of Chihli Ying-Wu-Chu (Provost-guard); Director of the
Staff Officers' Department and also of the Ammunition and Commissary
Department of the Headquarters of the Metropolitan Defence Troops;
Director of the Shantung Ying Wu Chu; Commander-in-Chief of Shantun-g
Patrol Forces; Taotai at several circuits in Shantung; Judicial Commis-
sioner of Shantung; Salt Commissioner of Shantung; Brigade-General at
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 615
Teng Chow, Shantung. In June 1912 the Republican government appointed
General Nieh Acting Brigade-General of the Tengchow area of Shantung
which position he held until August 1913 when this post was changed to
Defence Commissioner of the Chefoo Area and he was appointed to this
new office. Subsequently General Nieh was made a Lieutenant General.
In December 1919 he was appointed Civil Governor of Anhui. In December
1920 he was conferred the First Class Tashou Chiaho. In August 1921 he
was relieved, of the Civil Governorship. In May 1922 General Nieh was
appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Metropolitan Gendarmerie which
position he is still holding. In June 1922 he was given two concurrent
positions, namely, Directorship of the Bureau of Government Properties in
the Metropolitan Area and Officer in Charge of the Amunnitions for the
Body-Guards of the Ching family. In October 1922 Geaeral Nieh was
made a Chiangchun with special title "Hsien Wei". In November 1922,
the First Class Wenhu Decoration was awarded him and in February
1923 he was given the brevet rank of Full General. In November 1923
he was made a Full General.
^
616
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Nieh Chung-hsi
(Nieh Tsung«hsi)
Mr. Nieh Chung-hsi was barn at Luho Hsien, Anhwei province, in
1877, and was educated under the old Imperial system. Under the Manchu
regime he served as a prefect in Kiangsu province and for a time was
connected with the Bureau of Sea Defence at Shanghai. For the past
eighteen years he has served as a magistrate of the Mixed Court of the
French Concession at Shanghai. He has received decorations from both
the Chinese and French governments.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
617
Ma. Niu Chuan-shan
M ^ # ^ 7C f 6
Mr. Niu Chuan-hsan, was born in Kiukiang, Kiangsi, in 1875. He
received his early education in Japan. He started early in government
service under the Manchu regime as magistrate of Tehyang, Huayang.
Mienning and Chungking in Szechuen province. While serving as Prefect
of the Chungking Prefecture, in the days of Emperor Kwang Hsu, he was
considered the most brilliant among his colleagues in handling intricate
cases by Governors Chao Erh-shun and Hsi Liang of Szechuan, whom he
assisted in establishing schools, industrial enterprises, police systems and
self-government. Mr. Niu's book on the constitutional government of pre-
fectures and cities was recommended for Imperial perusal and thus enjoyed
nation wide publicity. Through the recommendation of Lord Li Ching-
hsi, then Viceroy of Yunnan and Kweichow, Mr. Niu was appointed Prefect
618 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
of the Li Kiang Prefecture. But before departure for his post in 1911,
the revolution broke out and he remained in his position as Taotai of East
Szechuen with full military and police power within his own territory. He
was one of the first to declare independence from the Imperial government
and maintained peace and order within his jurisdiction. From January
1913 to November 1913 Mr. Niu was Customs Superintedent of Kiukiang,
Kiangsi Province. From August to November, 1913, he was also holding
the post of the Civil Commissioner of the Northern Kiangsi. During the
Second Revolution in 1913, there was clash between Li Shun, then Tutu of
Kiangsi, and Li Lieh-chun, the revolutionary leader, and Kiangsi was left
without an administrative head. Mr. Niu remained as active chief of the
province for some considerable time. In February 1914 Mr. Niu was ap-
pointed Acting Civil Commissioner of the Central Shensi which position he
held until April 1914 when he was appointed Acting Chief of the National
Taxation Bureau of Shensi and also Acting Financial Commissioner. In
May 1914 the two offices were amalgamated into the Bureau of Finance
with Mr. Niu becoming its Chief. From July to October, 1914, he was
Acting Civil Governor of Shensi. He was officially relieved of the finance
post in December 1914. While he was the Civil Governor of Shensi, the
Military Governor, General Lu Chien-chang, was profiting himself through
encouraging opium traffic and poppy plantation throughout Shensi
Province. This ■ action drew much favorable comment. In July 1915
Mr. Niu was appointed Acting Vice-Minister of Finance. Subsequently
the Bureau of Wine and Tobacco Monopoly was created and Niu be-
came its first Director-General. All the regulations of the Bureau and
its organizations were perfected by Mr. Niu personally. Within half
a year tjhe entire system of taxing wine and tobacco was operating smoothly
throughout the country ; and the yearly revenue of the nation was increased
by several tens of millions of dollars. It was Mr. Niu's plan to make both
wine and tobacco government monoplies. He started a Wine and Tobacco
Bank in Peking to facilitate financial arrangements and was to establish a
tobacco leaf factory in Shanghai to compete with imported leaves. In
accordance with his scheme, Mr. Niu hoped to increase the revenue of his
department to the extent of the salt revenue within ten years. 'But after
three years' of service, he was relieved. In June 1921 Mr. Niu was again
appointed Vice-Minister of Finance.. He resigned in November 1921 be-
cause he saw no chance of carrying out his own plan. Mr. Niu is at
present engaged in industrial enterprises, refusing to be entangled in
political activities.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
619
Dr. Way-Sung New
f^ 15 ^
(Niu Hui-sheng)
Dr. Way-Sung New was born in Shanghai on June 14 1892, being a
aonof the late Shang-Chow New, who was one of the early Chinese students
sent to America and upon his return was the secretary of the Kiangnan
Dock and Engineering Works of Shanghai. Dr. New received his primary
education under private auspices and attended the St. John's Middle School
from 1902 to 1907. From 1907 to 1910, he studied at St. John's Univers-
ity, graduating in the latter year with the B. A. degree. In July he
went to the United States and entered Harvard, joining the Medical School
620 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
where he graduated with the M. D. degree in 1914. During and after his
college years, Dr. New had considerable practical experience, being house
physician and surgeon of St. Luke's Hospital, New Bedford, in 1914-1915.
Upon returning to China in August 1915, he took charge of the ^Department
of Anatomy at the Harvard Medical School of China, Shanghai, from
September 1915 to July 1916 when he once more sailed for the United
States as a fellow of the Rockefeller Foundation. From September 1916
to April 1917, Dr. New served at the Out-Patient Department of the
Carney Hospital, Boston, Children's Hospital and the Massachusetts General
Hospital as orthopedic assistant. From September 1916 to February 1917,
he was also instructor in bacteriology at the Harvard Mjedical School.
From May 1917 to April 1918, he became orthopedic house surgeon at .the
Massachusetts General Hospital. From May to July 1918, he was orthopedic
assistant of the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Then he returned to China to
take charge of the department of orthopedic surgery, Peking Medical Col-
lege, which offices he kept till June 1920. Dr. New was admitted to be a
member of the Boylston Medical Society upon the presentation of a thesis
entitled "Acute Anterior Poliomvelitis," in March 1913. He became a
fellow of the American Medical Association and a member of the Massa-
chusetts Medical Society in 1917 and was licensed to practice medicine by
the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in 1917. He was a charter member
of the National Medical Association of China when the orglanisation was
inaugurated ,in 1915. In the same year he was elected a meinber of the
China Medical Missionary Association. He served as the secretary of the
Peking Medical Society in 1919-1920, secretary of St. Jhn's Alumni As-
sociation of Peking, 1919-1920, secretary-treasurer of Harvard Club of
North China, 1919-1920, secretary of American JJniversity Club of North
China, 1919-1920, secretary of The National Medspal Association of China,
1915-1916 and 1920-1922, treasurer of The National Medical Association of
China, 1922, Councillor of the Shanghai Medical Society, 1921-1923, mem-
ber of the executive committee of the China Medical Miissionary Associa-
tion, 1923, secretary of St. John's Alumni Association of Shanghai, 1921-
1922, secretary-treasurer iof St. John's University Alumni advisory Council,
1922, and national secretary of the Phi Tau Phi, 1922. Dr. New is also
one of the officials of the Red Cross Society of China at present, Dr. New
is physician to the Shanghai College of Commerce as well as to the
Chinese Institute for the Blind, orthopedic surgeon to the Red Cross Gen-
eral Hospital, to the Margaret Williamson Hospital and to the Soochoiw
Hospital, Medical Officer to the Yangtze River Commission, director of the
Rotary Club of Shanghai, medical advisor to the Shanghai-Hangchow-Ningpo
Railway and medical examiner for the West Coast Life Insurance Co
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
621
General P'an Chu-ying
General P'an Chu-ying was born at Tsining, Shantung Province in 1876.
He received first grade military education in a military school in Shantung.
In 1904 General P'an was sent to Japan by the Imperial government among
the fourth group of the Chinese military students, to study in the Military
Oificers' Academy in Tokyo. Upon returning to China after graduation
from the Academy, General P'an joined the army and received gradual
promotion. In the last days of the Manchu regime, he was Com-
mander of the 20th Imperial Army Division stationed in Manchuria.
After the establishment of the Republic, General P'an became Com-
mander of the 20th Division of the National Army. In April 1914
he was appointed Acting Chiangchun of Suiyuan Special Area. In June
the denomination of the highest officer of the special areas was changed
622 WHO'S WHO IN ACHIN
from Chiangchun to Tutung and General P'an therefore, became Acting Tutung
of Suiyuan. In December 1914 this post was substantiated to him. In
October 1910 General P'an was relieved of the Suiyuan post and was called
to Peking whero he received military advisorship to the President. In
June 1918 Marshal Tsao Kun was appointed High Military Commissioner of
Szechuan, Kuangtung, Hunan and Kiangsi, for operations against the south.
General P'an was appointed Chief Staff Officer to the office of the High
Military Commissioner. In March 1919 General P'an was awarded the
Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho and in November 1919 he was made
a Chiangchun of the Chiangchun Fu or College of Marshals. In 1920
given the Second Class Wenfu. In July 1921 General P'an was appointed
Chief of the Aeronautic Department. In February 1922 he was awarded
the Fifth Order of Merit and in October 1922 the First Class Tashou
Chiaho Decoration and was also made a Chiangchun with special title
"Chu-wei." In November 1923 General P'an was removed from the post
of Chief of the Aeronautic Department, being succeeded by General Chao
Yu-k'e.
^
WHO^S WHO IN CHINA
623
Mr. Chuag-Wen Pan
(P'an Chung-wen)
Mr. Chung- Wen Pan was born at Hsing-Cheng Hsien, Fengtien province,
in 1896. He received his Chinese education at home under tutorship and
graduated from the high primary school in his district. In 1910 Mr. Pan
went to Tientsin where he entered the Tientsin Industrial College and won
a full scholarship after passing successful examinations. Two years later,
he was transferred to Tientsin Nan-Kai School. Upon his graduation from
Nan-Kai, he applied for the competitive examination of Tsing Hua College.
He was then admitted as a sophomore and was the first student that had
ever been accepted by the College from the Manchurian Province. While
624 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
there, he was once editor-in-chief of a paper which was circulated
around Tsing Hua Yuan and inside of Peking as well. Mr. Pan was
sent to America by the College in the summer of 1919 with the tenth
group of Tsing Hua graduates. He first entered Lehigh University, Beth-
lelem, Pa. where he was admitted as a sophomore student in the Mining
Engineering Department. A year later, he was transferred to Michgan
College of Mines, from which he was graduated having specialized in Min-
ing, Metallurgy, and Geology, and received his degrees of B. Sc. and E.
M. Also, he received his certificate of Mining Rescue Training from the
Bureau of Mines in the Department of Interior of the U. S. government.
He once assisted Prof. A. E. Seaman, Michigan State Geologist, to study
the various ' geological formations in both the copper and iron countries,
particularly the vein phenomena along the Gold Range north of Ishpeming
and the Huronian elastics and rocks in the Marquette iron-bearing district
where the largest iron ore bodies of the world are found associated with
the Middle Marquette series. Also, he was once surveying in Bengal Iron
Mine, Iron River, and working in Champion Copper Mill, Mich; and he
travelled underground from mine to mine all over the iron country together
with Prof. F. W. Sperr to study the different methods of mining. He then
went to New York and enrolled as a graduate student in the School of
Mines, Columbia University, and was researching on Metallography for his
Doctor's degree when unfortunately he was called back on account of his
father's illness. Upon his return in 1923, Mr. Pan was strongly recom-
mended by Dr. K. F. Sun to Governor Wang Yuang-Kiang of Fengtiiep
Province and consequently appointed to be Professor of North-Eastem
University ^nd also to work out a plan of establishing a first grade Mining
School for the university of which the Governor himself *is the piresidenl.
In the meantime, he is directing prospecting work on an undeveloped
bitiuminous property in his district.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
625
Mr. P'an Fu
(P'an Fu)
Mr. Fan Fu was born at Tsinin, Shantung province, being a member of a
literary and influential family. He was educated in regular Confucian
school and became a Provincial Graduate when he was little over twenty.
Shortly before the First Revolution Mr. Pan was for a time Industrial
Taotai of Shantung. During the year 1911, he was in the Secretariat of
General Cheng Teh-chuan, then Governor of Kiangsu. Upon the outbreak
of the Revolution Cheng Teh-chuan was elected Tutuh of Kiangsu. Ying
Teh-hung became Cheng's Chief Secretary and Mr. Pan on^ of Ying's
assistants. In January 1912,, Ying Teh-hung was appointed Vice-Minister of
Finance of the Nanking Provisional government. Mr. Pan was also given
a position in the Ministry. In April 1912 President Yuan Shih-kai ap-
pointed General Cheng Teh-chuan full Tutuh of Kiangsu. Mr. Pan was
given a position of assistant secretary. In January 1913 Mr. Pan was ap-
pointed Industrial Commissioner of Shantung. He held this post until
626 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
May 1914 when this office was abolished. During his tenure of office, he
encouraged the industrial development of the province by various means.
Under his patronage an industrial exhibition was held in June 1914, its
preparation being started from October 1913. In that exhibition, the
products of Shantung for the International Exhibition to be held at Panama
the following year were displayed. After the close of the Exhibition, Mr.
Pan devoted his time and energy to the study of the problem of improving*
the Grand Canal and its tributaries in Shantung Province.. Subsequently
he drafted a scheme and submitted the same to the Peking gvernment.
In November 1914 he was appointed Director of the Bureau for the
Preparation of Shantung Grand Canal Improvement Works. In the autumn
of 1915, Mr. Pan organized the Lu Feng Cotton Mill Company in Tsinan
with a total capitalization of one million dollars. Since its .organization
he has been and is still its managing director. In May 1916 Mr. Pan was
appointea Associate Director-General of the National Conservancy Bureau.
In June 1917 he became Ac?ting Director-General of the same Bureau. As
Director of that Bureau, he worked out many plans for the improvement
of the rivers' in China. Shortly afterwards, he left the Bureau. In Decem-
ber 1918 Mr. Pan was appointed Ajsaociate Director-General of the Grand
Canal Improvement Board of which Hsiung Hsi-ing was then the Director-
General. In October 1919 Mr. Pan was given the Second Class Pao-
kuang Chiaho. In December 1919 he became Vice-Minisfcer of Finance,
still holding the post of Associate Director of the Grand Canal Board. In
May 1920 Mr. Pan was appointed to be concurrently Direct'or-Gleneral of
the Grand Canal Board. In July he was ordered to act for the Minister of
Finance. In August he became concurrently Chief of the Salt Administra-
tion and Inspector-General of the Salt Inspectorate. In October 1920 Mr.
Pan wias awarded the Fifth Order of Merit and in January 1921 the Second
Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In May 1921 Li Shih-wei was appointed
Minister of Fiance, but he did not assume office and therefore, in Ju^tie
1921 Mr. Pan was again appointed Acting Minister of Finance. In October
1921 Mr. Pan was awarded the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In
November 1921 he left the Ministry of Finance and the Salt Administration.
Since that time he has been a resident in Tientsin.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
627
Mr. H. A. Pan
(P'an Hsieh-an)
Mr. H. A. Pan was born in 1893, at Shanghai. He received his
early education from his parents and entered St. John's University,
where in 1912 he received his B. A. Degree. After finishing at St.
John's, he spent one year in Tsinghua College where he received a Boxer
Indemnity scholarship. While waiting for his scholarship funds, he served
as instructor in English in Soochow Academy for one year. In 1914 he
went to America and entered the Wharton School of Commerce and Finance
of the University of Pennsylvania, where he received the degrees of B.
Sc, in economics in 1916 and M. A. in 1917. As a student, Mr. Pan was
inclined chiefly toward literary activities, being associate editor of the
Tsing Hua Alumni Annual, associate editor of the Chinese Students' Monthly
628 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
for two years, and twice First Prize winner of tlie Monthly Essay Contest.
Upon his return to Shanghai in 1918, he joined the faculty of the Teacher's
College at Nanking as Professor of Economics and Insurance. In 1920 he
became Chinese advisor to the general manager of the American Asiatic
Underwriters. Since 1921 he has been Assistant-secretary of the Asia
Life Insurance Company. Absorbed in the task of building up life in-
surance in China, Mr. Pan is actively interested in insurance education
and is now lecturing on property and life insurance at St. John's Univers-
ity in Shanghai, and delivering special addresses on insurance and finance
in other school and colleges.
^
WHOS WHO IN CHINA
629
Mr. Pan Ching-po
(P'en Tso-chi)
Mr. Pan Ching-po, general compradore of Messrs. Jardine. Matheson
and Company, Ltd., was born at Heong-shan, Kwangtung, in 1867. He
entered the business world at Shanghai at an early age and has won the
confidence of both Chinese and foreign merchants in this port. He was
engaged as compradore of Jardine, Matheson and Company, Ltd., in 1911,
the premier British firm in China, and has held this position continuously
up to the present. He is an active member of the Chinese General Chamber
of Commerce and an acknowledged leader in the business life of China's
commercial metropolis. He has been awarded a Presidential Tablet and
the Third Class Chiaho Decoration.
630
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Pao Kuei-ch'ing
General Pao Kuei-oh'ing was born at Hai-cheng Hsien, Fentien Pro-
vince. He was graduated from the Kaiping Miltary Academy at Kaiping.
Chihli. After graduation he joined the late President Yuan Shih-kai who
was then ■ training modern troops at Hsiao-chan, as a non-conuniasioned
officer. However, General Pao's promotion was rapid. Shortly before the
First Revolution he was promoted to the position of Brigade Commandant.
From September 1913 to August 1915 General Pao was the Garrison Com-
missioner of Huhu, Anhui Province. From Anhui he was called to Peking
becoming the Director of the National Military Training Institution, a
very important position at that time. In July 1917 General Pao became
Tuchun of Heilungkiang holding concurrently the post of Civil Governor of
the same province. Simultaneously he was given the rank of a full Gen-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 631
eral. The concurrent post he held only for a few months. During the
time of the allied expedition to Siberia, General Pao Was Director-General
of the Chinese Eastern Railway and rendered efficient service in that ca-
pacity. Then he was also the director-general of the Ping-Hei Railway.
In July 1919 General Pao was appointed Acting Tuchun of Kirin. In March
1920 he was awarded the Third Order of Merit.j In Junle 1920 he was.
relieved of the directorship of the Chinese Eastern Railway and the Chief
Commandant of the Railway Defence Forces which two positions he
had been holding concurrently. In September 1920 General Pao was
ordered to act as Civil Governor of Kirin. In October 1920 he was
awarded the Second Order of Merit. In March 1921 he was called
to Peking and made a Chiangchun with "T'ing-Wei" as his Chiangchun
title. In December 1921 General Pao was appointed Minister of War which
post he held until June 1922 when the Chihli-Fengtien War had just bee'n
fought. During the following two years he made several serious attempts
to bring Chihli and Fengtien leaders together to a peaceful understanding
which was, however, never realized. In September 1924, General Pao was
appointed by the Peking government as much as by Marshal Chang Tso-
lin to be the director-general of the Chinese Eastern Railway. iXhis post
he is still holding.
•^
632
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Colonel P. C. Pao
SS M M
(Pao Ping-ch'en)
Colonel P. C. Pao was born at Wan-Hsien, Chihii Province, in 1889.
He received his preliminary military education at the Yaocheng Military
Academy, where he began his training in 1905. In April 1907, Major Pao
was sent by the Ministry of War to take up a course in military training
in France where he stayed for six years, receiving the pilot's certificate
of the International Aero Union in 1913. In April 1914, Major Pao was
asked to return to China and served as adjutant on the General Staff as
well as instructor in aviation at the Government Aviation School. In
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 633
August of the same year, he was promoted to be Captain. In 12W, the
Fifthe Class Wen Ho was awarded him. For his services during the
restoration of the Republic 1916, Major Pao became a Major. In October
1917, Major Pao was sent to Yochow with his aviation corps, returning to
Peking in March 1918. In April 1919, the Ministry of War appointed Major
Pao, dean of the Government Aviation School at Nanyuan and in December
1919 he was created head of the Bureau of Aeronautical Education of the
Department of Aeronautics. In February 1921 Colonel Pao was appointed
Director of the Grovernment Air-service Training School and also a Councillor
at large of Government Aeronautic Department. In 1922 he was made a
Colonel.
OS
tfrr'^it
634
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Pien Shou-ching
a * « ^' iR iH
Pien Shou-ching, was born at Ching Hai Hsien, Chihli, in 1884. After
having completed his course in law in the Law School at Paotingfu. He
went to Japan for more advanced education. In three years he graduated
from the Law School of Tokyo University. In 1910 he returned to China.
Soon after his return from Japan, Mr. Pien was engaged by the P*)lice
School at Paotingfu as its instructor. Later he taught in the Law School.
In the winter of 1919 he went to Chekiang where he helped in organizing
the Bureau of Judicial Affairs. Aftfsr having been acquainted with the
conditions in that province, he was apjwinted to head the Bureau of Ad-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 635
ministrative Affairs in Chekiang. He stayed in that province for two years,
having held a number of important positions. In July of 1912, Mr. Pien
was elected Vice-Speaker of the Provincial Assembly of Chihli. Thi^
honor conferred upon him by his fellow provincials was' a recognition of
the valuable service he rendered during the revolution which resulted in
the establishment of the present Republic. Shortly afterwards, he became
Speaker, which he is still today. For many years Mr. Pien has been an
Advisor to General Yang I-teh, the Police Commissioner of Chihli. He
was also an Advisor to Marshal Ts'ao Kun when the latter was Hifjh In-
specting Commissioner of Kiangsi, Honan, Szechuan and Kuangtung anc.
latter of Chihli, Shantung and Honan. He has been and is still the Director-
General of the Ling Ching Mining Corporation, Tientsin. In January 1921
the Peking Government called a conference to meet at Peking to study
the local government question. It was convoked in May that year. Mr. Pien
nominated by the civil authorities of the Chihli Province w^ appointed
vice-president of that Conference. A branch office of the International
Anti-Opium Association was established at Tientsin in 1919. Mr. Pien
was elected its chairman. In that capacity he rendered much assistance,
in carrying out the activities of the association in face of much opposition.
In 1920 the American-British-Chinese Commercial Club was founded at
Tientsin. Mr. Pien was one of its promoters and also its first chairmani
Mr. Pien is the sole proprietor of the Ho Pei Jih Pao, Tientsin. Mr. Pien
was awarded the Fourth Class Paokuang Chiaho in 1919; the Fifth Order
of Merit in 1920; the Second Class Chiaho in 1921; the Second Class Pao-
kuang Chiaho ; the Second Class Wenhu and the Second Class Tashou Chiaho,
in 1922; and the Fourth Order of Merit and the First Class Tashou Chiaho
in 1923.
636
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Bien Zue Sun
(Pien Shou-sun)
Mr. Bien Zue Sun was born at Wuchang, Hupei province, in 1883, hia
native home being at I-Cheng Hsien, Kiangsu. He studied at the Aurora
College, Shanghai, from 1904 to 1905. Mr. Bien went to America in
November 1906. He studied Political Science and Economics at the Brown
University from 1907 to 1912 when he graduated with the degree of Ph.
D. In June 1912 he was appointed James Manning's Scholar for excellence
in college studies on graduation. He was the author of Education as a
Means of Social Progress. Mr. Bien returned to China in September 1912
and was at once appointed assistant secretary of the B.vnk of China, Peking.
He was sub-manager of the issue department of th? same bank in 1913-
14; assistant inspector, 1914; and Inspector-General 1914-16. From 1916
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
637
to 1920 Mr. Bien was Chief Secretary and Inspector-General of the Chun.g
Fog Union Bank, Tientsin. In September 1920 he was appointed manager
of H^ Tientsin Office ■■M ::the Bank,, of China which position he is still
hol(fijig. In February ;jl912 Mr. fiien was awarded the Second Class
Chiaho Decoration. In; 1922 he was giveB.i the concurrent post as manager
of the Peking Office m the Bank of Chin^, which position he still holdls.
In May 1923 he was gfiven the Third- Class Wenhu Decoration,
^
579
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Pien Yin-ch'ang
-\im ^'^ n m
Mr. Pien Yin-ch'ang was born at Tientsin, Chihli, in 1870. In the
Ching Dynasty, he held the post of Senior Secretary of the Board of Works
and also of the Board of Justice. In the first year of the Republic of China
(1912), Mr. Pien was elected associate director of the General Chamber
of Commerce of Tientsin. Upon the oi'ganization of the Tientsin Chinese
Merchants Volunteer Corps following the establishment of the Republic,
he was made its commanding officer. He was also a member of the ex-
ecutive committee of the Tientsin Red Cross Society. In 1913, the United
Chamber of Commerce of Chihli was formed, and at the inaugural meeting
which was held in Peking in March, he was elected the chairman of its
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 639
executive committee. A few months later he was appointed President of
the Panama Exhibition Participation Committee. In January 1913 Feng
Kuo-chang became acting Civil Governor of Chihli when Mr. Pien was
appointed one of his counsellors. In July 1913 he was made an Advisor
to the Civil Governor's Office when Liu Je-tseng was Governor of Chihli.
The special work assigned to him was the flood relief of the Metropolitoin
district and of the province proper and in the carrying out of it he showed
wonderful power of organization. In 1916 when tie Lao Hsi-kai affair
(the French authorities tried to seizs Lao Hsi-kai from China) took place,
and the indignation of the people was highly worked up a society known
as the Association for the Protection of China's Sovereignty and Territory,
was organized and Mr. Pien was elected pres'dent of that society. In
1917, Mr. Pien was appointed by the Ministry of Finance as a special
deputy for the investigation of taxation conditions of Chihli in c<innection
with the matter of tariff revision. Mr. Pien was elected in 1918 a member
of the New Parliament which was convoked in August that year and dis-
missed in 1920. In November 1919 lie was elected President of the
General Chamber of Commerce, Chihli. This position he is still holding.
In the early part of 1920 he received a considerable amount of public
attention in consequence of the demand of the Japanese Consul General at
Tientsin for Mr. Pien's removal from the presidency of the Chamber of
Commerce because of his anti-Japanese attitude as was shown in his
interest in the boycott movement. Mr. Pien was awarded the Third Class
of Chiaho in 1919; the Second Class Chiaho and the Second Class Tashou
Chiaho in 1920; the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho in 1922; and the Second
Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho Decoration in 1923.
^
640
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
1
-i
Admi
i 1858. Af
Academy
England t
wich Nav
, years he
return to
Naval Ac
Li Yuan-
miral Sah
Admiral Sah Chen-ping
mrnyn -r- m n
(Sah Chen-ping)
ral Sah Chen-ping was born at Ffoochow, Fukien pro
ter having become a Hsiu-tsai or Licentiate he entered 1
at Foochow where he was hter graduated. Then he wa
pursue higher education. He spent a few years in th
al College and was graduated there. For the follow
was given practical training on a British man-of-war.
China, Admiral Sah was engaged as an instructor in the
ademy and had the honor of being the teacher of ex-.
lung, who was then a student in that institution. In 1
joined the Chinese Navy, first as captain of the train
^'ince, in
the Naval
s sent to
e Green-
ng three
Upon hie
Tientsin
^residemt
885 Ad-
ing ship
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 641
Kuangchi, then captain of cruisers Tungchi and Haichi. He took part in
the Sino-Japanese War in 1894. Upon the termination of the war he
returned to his native place and retired from active servjce for one year.
It was in that year his wife died at Foochow. He did not marry again.
In 1897 Admiral Sah joined the Woosung Forts. In 1902 he became
Tsung-ping, or Brigadier-General of Nanao Chen, Kuangtung. In 1903
he was promoted to be Commander-in-Chief qf the Peiyang Naval Forces.
In August 1905 he was transferred to be Commander-in-Chief of the
Kuangtung Naval Forces. In November 1906 he was appointed to hold
concurrently the posts of Commander-in-Chief of the land and sea forces
in the same province. In January 1908 the land command was withdrawn
from him. In February 1909 he was promoted to Commissioner of Naval
Reorganization. In June 1909 he was made High Commissioner of Naval
Reorganization. July 1909 he was appointed Admiral of the Imperial
Fleet. In October that year he accompanied Prince Tsai Hsun on his naval
mission to Europe and in August 1910 on the same mission to Japan and
America. When the first revolution broke out in October 1911, he was in
command of the Imperial naval forces. Under instructions from Peking, he
took several cruisers to Hankow for action against the revolutioners. But
owing to the lack of supplies and continual defections among his crew he
was forced to vacate his command and retire to private life. In 1912
Admiral Sah became President of the Maritime Academy at Woosung. In
August 1918, when the second revolution commenced, he was appointed by
the late President Yuan Shih-kai Director- General of the Land and River
Police at Shanghai and Woosung. In 1914 he was made a member of the
State Council functioning as Parliament. A little kter he was appointed
Director-General of all the Arsenals in China. In the winter of 1916 he
went to Canton to play the part of peace-maker to_settle the differences
between General Lu Yun-ting and General Lung Ghi-kwang. About the
same time he became the Inspecting Commissioner of -Kwangtung
and of Fukien, and Commander-in-Chief of the Navy. In June 1917,
shortly before the monarchical movement of General Chang Hsun, Admiral
Sah was appointed Minister of Navy, but this office he did not take up.
Later he was made High . Sea Inspecting General,.-but also declined this
offer. At the request of the President, he, however, went to Peking to
accept an appointment as Advisor to the President's Office. In 1918 he
was sent to Fukien in the capacity of the Director-General for the sup-
pression of bandits in that province. He was given the First Class Wenhu
in January 1919; ordered to take a trip to Europe on a government mission
in February 1919; relieved of the Fukien post in October 1919; and ap-
pointed Minister of Navy in December 1919. In January 1926 Admiral
Sah was awarded the First Class Tashou Chiaho in May 1920, and ordered to
act as Prime Minister; and in October 1920, given the First Class Tashou
Paokuang Chiaho. In May 1921 he was relieved of the ministership. A
year later he was made a Shan Chiangchun (Marshal) with Shu-Wei as
special title. In September 1922 he was appointed Special Commissioner
for the Suppression of Opium in Fukien and Anhui. In October 1922 he
was appointed Deputy Military Commissioner of Fukien and also Civil
Governor of that province, which position he is still holding.
642
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Fuchuen Kenneth Sah
mm^ ^ 'J? a
(Sa Fu-chun)
Mr. F. K. Sah was born in Foochow, Fukien province, in 1886. He
studied at St. John's College, Shanghai, from 1898 to 1903. Mr. Sah went
to America in 1903 as attache to the Chinese Commission to the Louisiana
Purchase Exposition held at St. Louis, Mo. In 1906 he entered Purdue
Uni'versity where he was graduated in 1910 with the degree of B. S., in
Engineering. In the fall of 1910, Mr. Sah returned to China and joined
the Kuangtung Yueh-Han Railway at Canton as student engineer. In the
Spring of 1912 he was promoted to he assistant engineer in charg|e of
one Construction Section. In the summer of 1913 he was transferred to
the I-Kwei section of the Szechuan-Hankow Railway where he was engaged
principally in the survey of the Upper Yangtze gorges. In the Spring of
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
643
1917 he was transferred to the Hankow-Ichang section of the same railway
to complete the construction work left o*:er by German engiiieeTs. Upon
the completion of the construction work in 1918, Mr. Sah was engaged by
the Kuo-Pi Railway Co. of Yunnan to take charge of location and con-
struction of a new branch line. He held that position until 1919 when he
went to Peking to join the Ministry of Communications. In the Spring of
1922 he was appointed assistant chief of the Land Development Department
of the Peking-Hankow Railway at Hankow and later was transferred to the
Shantung Rehabilitation Commission and appointed a member of the Com-
mittee for the valuation of the Shantung Railway.- After completing the
valuation work he was appointed Chief Engineer of the Kiao-Tsi Railway
which position he held until the Summer of 1924 when he was, recalled to
Peking by the Ministry of Communications. Mr. Sah comes from a well-
known family, his father being Admiral Sah Chen-ping of the Chinese
Navy.
^
644
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Sah Fu-moh
(Sah Fu-tnou)
Mr. Sah Fu-moh was born at Ming-hou Hsien, Fukien province, in
1874. In 1889 he entered the Naval Academy at Tientsin and was grad-
uated from it in 1894. Then he was given a position in the Board of
Foreign Affairs. In 1895 he was appointed by Viceroy Liu of Kiangsu
and Chekiang to assit Shen Tung-wou in the work of opening Woosung as
as a treaty port. In 1896 he became Superintendent of the Chinese-Russian
Railway Coal Mines. In 1900 Yuan Shih-kai, who was then Viceroy of
Chihli, appointed him Assistant Commissioner of Foreign Affairs at Shan-
haikuan. In 1901 Mr. San became director of the Ching-Hua Railway in
Honan. In 1902 he was transferred to be Superintendent of the Tai-feng
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 645
Gold Mine in Jehol. From 1903 until October 1905 he was superintendent!
of the Sin Chu Coal Mine. In December 1905 he became acting director
of the Tao-Ching Railway. In July 1906 he was transferred to be director
of Telegraph and Telephone Administrations in Canton. In June 1907 he
was apopinted Assistant Secretary for Foreign Affairs to the Viceroy of
Kuangtung and Kuangsi. In October 1907 he was promoted to be Assist-
ant Commissioner for Foreign Affairs. In December 1907 he became Chief
of the Bureau of Foreign Affairs. In January 1911 he was appointed
Director of Telegraph Administration in Canton holding concurrently the
post of Commissioner of Customs. In August 1911 he was obliged to
resign from his office owing to his parental mourning. In November 1911
he started on a journey to Europe, America and Japan, returning to China
in September 1912. In January 1923 Mr. Sah was appointed director of
the Telegraph Administration in Shanghai. Having not yet accepted this
position, he was appointed to head the Chinese Delegation to the Sino-
Japanese Telegraph Conference in Japan. In February 1913 he was com-
missioned to be Director of the Chinese Telegraph Bureau of Kiangsu and
Chekiang. In July 1913 he was awarded the Fifth Class Chiaho. In
August 1913 he became Special Commissioner for Foreign Affairs in
Canton. In November 1913 he was made a Secretary in the Ministry of
Communicatiions. In May 1914 he was sent by the Ministry as Secretary
to the Chinese Delegation to the International Postal Conference in Spain.
In June 1914 he was awarded the Fourth Class Chiaho. In July 1914 he
he was appointed President of the Bank of China. In August 1914 he
was transferred to be a committee man of the Department of Loans in the
Ministry of Finance. In July 1915 Mr. Sah was given the Second
Class Chiaho. In July 1917 he was appointed Special Commissioner for
Foreign Affairs of Kiangsu Province. In August 1917 he was commission-
ed to be President of the Bureau for the Disposal of Ex- Enemy Vessels.
In January 1920 he was conferred the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho.
In March 1921 he was appointed by the Ministry of Finance^ to be Director
of the Shanghai Mint. In August 1921 he became Chief of the Industrial
Bureau at Shanghai under the control of the High Industrial Commissioner.
Mr. Sah retired to private life in 1922.
646
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. San To
H 1^ ^ A^ 18
Mr. San To was born at Hangchow, Chekiang province, in 1876. He
is a 'member of the White Banner of Mongolia. He studied under Yu Chu-
yuan, a famous scholar of the Ching Dynasty, and thus has become a
scholar himself. He entered official service very early. For a time he
was Prefect of Hangchow, and later director of the Military Academy of
Hangchow and also director of the Foreign Affairs Bureau of Chekiang
Province. In 1902 Mr. San To left Hangchow and became Proctor of
the Imperial University in Peking. In 1907 he became a Councillor of the
Board of Civil Administration. In 1908 he was appointed Fu Tu-t'ung, or
Deputy Lieutenant-General of Kuei-hua-chen. In 1909 he became resident
commissioner at Urga, Mongolia. Following the establishment of the Re-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 647
public in 1912, Mr. San To was appointed Deputy Lieutenant-Geiueral of
Mukden in October 1912. In November 1912 he was ordered to hold
concurrently the post of Fu Tu-t'ung of Chinchow. He held these posi-
tions for a number of years. In September 1920 Mr. San To was appointed
Chief of the Bureau of Emigration and Labor, Peking, upon the recopi-
mendation of Marshal Chang Tso-lin, the High Inspecting Military
Commissioner of Manchuria, with whom he has been on good terms. In
July 1921 he was awarded the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In
December 1921 he was appointed Chief of the Bureau of Civil ap-point-
ments in the Cabinet Office. In June 1922 he became associate director
of the Famine Relief Bureau, which position he held until October that
year when he was appointed a Chiangchun of the College of Marshals.
In November 1922 he was awarded the First Class Tashou Chiaho.
^
648
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Shao Chen-chlng
Mr. Shao Chen-ch'ing was bjrn at Hangchow, Chekiang province, in
1889 and graduated from the High Provincial College of Chekiang. After
graduation he taught three years in several middle and normal schools.
During the First Revolution in 1911-12, Mr. Shao was editor of the Han
Ming Jih Pao, a Kuomingtang paper, at Hangchow. Owing to his strong
opposition against Yuan Shih-kai, his paper was proscribed by Yuan as a
seditious organ, so in 1914 the Chekiang authorities were instructed by
Peking to close down the Han Ming Jih Pao and to have the editor ar-
rested and put into prison. Mr. Shao's life would have been taken if he
did not have many friends to devise ways and means to save him. He
remained in the prison for one year after which he was released and then
went to Japan where he established the Tokyo Correspondence Service.
Mr. Shao returned to China when Yuan Shih-kai's monarchical attempt was
at its height. He became special correspondent for The Shun Pao and The
China Times, two of the leading Chinese papers in Shanghai.- After the
WHO^S WHO IN CHINA 649
downfall of Yuan, Mr. Shao went to Peking as special correspondent of
the Shun Pao. In 1917 Mr. Shao organized the Peking .News Agency,
which was the first organization of this nature established by Chinese in
China. The increase of telegraphic news items in the Shanghai papers
since that time was due to the existence of the agency. Under the same
influence, the papers in Peking underwent a reform in form as well as in
spirit. He was the first man advocating .the publication of Cabinet dis-
cussions for the information of the public. 'In 1920 Mr. Shao founded in
Peking a 'daily paper called the Ching Pao and managed under the "modern
system. When the Anfu Party was in power, this paper made strong
attacks every day, as a result of which it was finally suppressed and Mr.
Shao was ordered to be arrested. He fled to Japan and subeequejntly be-
came advisor on Chinese questions to the Asahi Daily New-s. He was the
first Chinese who was engaged in that capacity by a Japanese press. After
the downfall of the Anfu Party, Mr. Shao resigned from the Asahi Daily
News and re-establishea his Ching Pao at Peking. In 1921 the Peking
Government University established the Journalism Society and Mr. Shao
was invited to be a lecturer. During the past ten years, Mr. Shao has
been devoting himself to journalistic work and has never accepted any
appointment from the government. Mr. Shao is at present the President of
the Ching Pao, the Peking News Agency, and special correspondent of
the China Times of Shanghai. He was awarded by President Li Yuan-
hung in April 1923 the Third Chiaho.
^
650
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Shen Ckeng-shih
V* ^ ^ ^ S H
Mr. Shen ('heng-shih was born in 1889 and is a grandson of the late
Sheng Pao-chen, famous Viceroy of Nanking and a son of the late Shen
Yu-ching, Governor of Kueichow. Mr. Shen was educated in Peking for
his preliminarj- in.struction and went to England for his higher educational
work in 1908. H-ere he pursued courses in engineering and received his
degree at Cambridge University. On his return to China he joined the
Ministry of the Navy and at the same time acted as a lecturer on
engineering subjects at the Peking Government University. Later he
became chief engineer for the public works department of the Peking
municlpiality. In 1923 he was appointed in charge of the secretarial
department of the Peking Tramway Company. Since 1923 he has been
associated with the British-American Tobacco Company, Ltd. He has
always interested himself in commerce and industry and is well Known in
North China in this connection.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
651
Mr. M. H. Shen
vA ^ ^ a is
(Shen Ck'i)
Mr. M. H. Shen was born at Ching'-liai Hsien, Chihli province, in 1871.
He was one of the early graduates of the Peiyang Military Academy in
railway engineering. After his graduation he joined the Imperial Army
stationed along the Tientsin Shanhaikuan sector, serving for a few years
as German interpreter and also teacher in German in the military camping"
schools. Later he became German translator in the Foreign Affairs Bureau
of Shantung at Tsinan. Mr. Shen began his engineering career as Cadet
engineer of the Kiaochou Railway. The other positions he held in the
Ghing regime were: Engineer of the Tientsin Municipal Works Bureau:
engineer of Peking-Mukden line; engineer of Peking-Kalgan line; super-
visor for the construction of the Army Training. Headquarters building
652 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
and also the War Board building, Peking; associate director of the
municipal works of the Outer City of Peking; director of the Municipal
Works Office at Mukden; director of the Imperial Works Department at
Mukden; adviser to the Szechuan-Canton Railway Administration; chief-
inspector of the northern section construction works of the Tientsin-Pukow
line; supervisor of the construction of the T. P. R. Yellow River Bridge;
and co-director of the southern section of the Tientsin-Puko^w Railway
Administration. In 1912 Mr. Shen was appointed a principal technical
exjpert of the Ministry of Communications, having in charge at different
times the Civil Engineering sgction, the Mechnical Engineering section-
and the Drawing Office, of the Railway Department. In 1914 he was
promoted to be Chief of the Railway Department. In December 1917 he
was appointed the Chief Principal Technical Expert of the Ministry of
Communications. In 1918 the Commission on Railway Technics was or-
ganized with Dr. Jeme Tien-yu and Mr. Shen as chairman and vice-chair-
man respectively.- The work of this Commission includes the selection of
civil and mechanical engineering students and the standardization of traffic
matters. In February 1919 Mr. Shen was given a concurrent position as
President of the Railway Administration College. In June 1919, following
the death of Dr. Jeme, he was appointed chairman of the Commission on
Railway Technics. Subsequently he was given the post of director of the
Peking-Suiyuan Railway. In July 1920 he was ordered to hold concurrent-
ly the post of chief engineer of the northern section of the Tientsin-
Pukow Railway. For a time he was also director of the Tsangdipw-Shih-
chiachuang Railway. In December 1920 he was ordered to assist in the
organization of the Commiunications University. In February 1921 the
Second Class Paokuang Chiaho was awarded him. He was appointed
an executive member of the Commission on the Communications Questions
in connection with the Shantung Rehabilitation in March 1922; appointed
acting Chief of the Railway Department in May 1922; ordered to hold
concurrently the post of Chief of the Inter-Through Traffic Bureau, also in
May given another concurrent post as Supervising Officer of the Bureau
for the Compilation of the History of Communications, In January 1923
he was relieved of the post of Chief of the Railway Department to become
the Chief Principal Technical Expert of the Ministry. Since that time he
has been given concurrent positions: Chairman of the Commission on
Material Purchases; Vice-Chairman of the Commission on the Construction
of Proposed Lines; and government director on the controlling board of
the Lung-yen Coal Mining Company, Peking. Mr. Shen was President of
the Chinese Institute of Engineers for the years 1916, 1917, 1919, 1920,
1921 and 1922. He is an honorary member of the Haute Etude Chinoise,
Paris, and of the Association of Chinese and American Engineers.
WHO^S WHO IN CHINA
653
Mr. Shen Jui-lin
Mr. Shen Jui-lin was born at Wu-Hsing Hsien, Kiangsu province, in
1875. He is son of the late Shen Ping-cheng, Viceroy of Liang-Kiang.
Mr. Shen became a provincial graduate in 1890. He began his official
career as Senior Secretary of the Board of War. Subsequently he
was awarded the rank of Taotai. The first position Mr. Shen held in the
Diplomatic Service was Attache to the Chinese Minister to Belgium. Later
he became a Commercial Attache. Still later he was promoted to be the
654 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Third Councillor. The next country Mr. Shen was sent to by the Ching
government was Germany where he became Second Councillor of the Chinese
Legation and also for a time Charge d'Affaires. In the winter of 1909-10
Mr, Shen was called back from Germany and appo-inted a Councillor alb
large of the Board of Foreign Affairs. Shortly afterwards, he was ap-
pointed Deputy of the Board to deal with the National Advisory Council.
In August 1910 Mr. Shen was appointed Chinese Minister to Austria. In
December 1913 he was reappointed by the Peking government Envoy-
Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Austria. Mr. Shen left
Vienna in 1917 after China had declared war on Austria-Hungary. In
January 1919 he was awarded the Second Class Wenhu and in January 1920
the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In September 1920 a special
Commission was organizsd by the Peking government to study the Versail-
les Treaty. Mr. Shen was appointed its vice-president. In January 1922
Mr. Shen was appointed Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs, holding con-
currently the post of Chief-in-Charge of the Bureau for the Preparation of
Participating in the Washington Conference. .,. In March 1922 Mr. Shen
was awarded the First Class Tashou Chiaho Decoration. In July 1922 he
was ordered to act for the Minister of Foreign Affairs. In October 1922
he received the First Class Wen Hu Decoration. In October 1922 he
received two concurrent posts, namely president of the Diplomatic and
Consular Service Commission and assistant Chief of the Bureau for the
Preparation of the Special Customs Tariff Revision Conference. In March
1923 Mr. Shen was delegated by the Ministry to ba a Member of the Com-
mission for the Study of Mongolian Affairs, and in May to the Commission
for thc^ Re- organization of China's Domestic and Foreign Loans. Mr. Shen
has been the Vice-Minisiter of Foreign Affairs since January 1922.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
655
Mr. Shen Pao-ch'ang
Mr. Shen Pao-ch'ang was born at Shao-hsing Hsien, Chekiang province,
in 1880. He became a Provincial Graduate in 1903. Following this he
entered the Government College of Law and Politics in Peking, and was
graduated from it. In 1906 he was appointed Associate Justice of the
Metropolitan Local Court. Subsequently ,for a time, he was Junior vice-
president of the Board of Justice. After the establishment of the Republic,
Mr. Shen was appointed a Senior Secretary of the Ministry of Justice and
subsequently he was sent to Japan at the head of a commission for the
656 WHO'S WHO IN ACHIN
investigation of the Japanese legal system. In the end of 1913, Yuan
Shih-kai, after having dissolved the Kuo-ming-tang and removed its members
in the Parliament, organized a High Political Council. Mr. Shen was
appointed a secretary of this Council. He served in a similar capacity to
the conference called by Yuan Shih-kai in March 1914 for the sole purpose
of revising the Provisional Constitution. In November 1914 he was
appointed Magistrate of Shanghlai. In 1919 he was appointed to be
concurrently ths Taotai or Prefect of the Hu-Hai Circuit, Kiangsu. He
was awarded the Fourth Class Wenfu and the Third Class Paokuang Chiaho
in June 1920, the Second Class Tashou Chiaho in January 1922 and the
Third Class Wenhu in August 1923.
Ka^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
657
Mr. T. C. Shen
;* g # ^ ^ «I
(Shen Pao-shen)
Mr. T. C. Shen was born at Shanghai in 1884. He received his early-
education at the Y. M. C. A., Shanghai. From 1904 to 1909 he studied
at the St. John's University, graduating there with the degree of A. B.
He was awarded a medal for best translation in 1908. After his gradua-
tion he was engaged as an instructor of the Shanghai High School for
two years. In the mean time he was the editor of the Commercial Press,
Shanghai, making commentary notes on Shakespeare's works. In 1910 he
was also Secretary to Dr. Wu Ting-fang. In 1911 he accepted the posi-
tion of secretary to the Bureau of Foreign Affairs, Hangchow. During the
658 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
First Revolution, Mr. Shen was transferred to the Bureau of Foreign Af-
fairs, Shanghai, for a year. He went to the United States in April 1913.
From 1913 to 1916 he was Secretary to the Chinese Educational Mission in
America. While serving in that capacity, he studied international law and
diplomacy at George Washington University, graduating there with the
degree Cif A. M. in 1915. He was a member of the International Law
Society, 1914-16; member of the League to Enforce Peace, 1916; member
of the Chinese Legation at Washington, D. C, 1916. Mr. Shen returned
to China in August 1916. He was for a time, a translator in Peking. In
1917 he was engaged as instructor in translation in the Li Hung-chang
Memorial in St. John's University and also as lecturer on International
Law, Constitutional Law and Far Eastern Questions, in the Department of
government. He has been a member of the Chinese Political and Social
Science Association and of the Twentieth Century Club, since 1916. He
is also the general secretary of the Western Returned Students' Union of
Shanghai.
^
WHO'S WHO Ix\ CHINA
659
Mr. Shen Tsu-way
(Shen Tsu-wei)
Mr. Shen Tsu-way was born at Shanghai in 1891, his na,tive home
being at Huchow, Chekiang province. He studied at St. John's Univers-
ity, Shanghai, from 1904 to 1910. In September 1910 he arrived in America
as a government student. He studied civil engineering at the University
of Michigan, being graduated with the degree of C. E. in 1914. Mr. Shen
returned to China in September 1914. After having served at the
Conservancj' Engineering College, Nanking, as Instructor in drawing, for
a short period of time, he joined the Standard Oil Company, Shanghai, as
Superintendent of Construction in 1915. Shortly afterwards he returned to
the Conservancy Engineering College again. From 1915 he was for
many years Professor of Surveying and Structural Engineering in that
660 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
College. In December 1921 Mr. Shen was appointed vice-president of the
Conserv'ancy Engineering College, Nanking. From March 1922 to July
1924 he was president of that College. Mr. Shen is member of the Chinese
Institute of Engineers; director of the Nanking Branch of the Highway
Construction Association; member of the Chinese Science Association;
member of the Industrial Committee of the Kiangsu Educational and In-
dustrial United Association. He has been awarded the Fourth Class. Chiaho
Decoration.
'.^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
661
Mr* En Yee Edward Sheng
^ ^m t' n n^
(Sheng En-i)
Mr. En Yee Ekiward Sheng was born at Changchow, Kiangsu, in 18^2.
He was the fourth son of the late Sheng Kung Pao and one of the leading;
business men and philanthropists in China. He was educated at the
Industrial High School, Peking, and later at the London University, Eng-
land, and Columbia Universitiy, U. S. A. His first industrial school training,
supplemented by an investigation of industries in Japan in 1911, decided
him to take up a business career. He is a director and the assiiStant
manager of the Han Yeh Ping Iron & Coal Co., president of San Sin Cotton
Manufacturing Co., the Commercial Bank of China, and the Foong Sheng
Industrial & Commercial Development Corporation. During the past few
years, when China was visited with floods and famines, he was always
among the foremost to contribute large sums to the relief of the poor,
thereby saving thousands of lives. Mr. Sheng was awarded the Second
Class Paokuang Chiaho in February 1920; the Second Class Tashou Pao-
Chiaho in July 1921; the Fifth Order of Merit in December 1921; the First
Class Tashou Chiaho in September 1922; the Third Class Wenhu in Novem-
ber 1922; and the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho Decoration in
March 1923.
■- ■{ V-
662
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Alfred Sao-ke Sze
jBg« S ^ M ;i
(Shih Chao-chi)
Mr. Alfred Sze was born at Cheng-tze, Kiangsu province, in 1876. He
studied at the St. John's University from 1888 to 1892. During his last
year in the University he was editor of St. John's one of the earliest
published college magazines in China. In August 1893 he went to the
United States to study. He prepared for college at Washington High
School from 1893 to 1896. In 1897 he entered the Cornell University
studying Liberal Arts, graduating there with the degree of A. B. in 1901
and that of M. A. in 190^. He was once elected editor of the Oornellian.
In October Mr. Sze returned to China and was at once eng;aged by Viceroy
Chang Chih-tung as his secretary. In 1904 he became secretary to Viceroy
Tuan Fang. In 1906 he was transferred to Peking for service and was
first appointed as acting junior secretary of the Board of Communications.
In 1907 he became director of the Peking-Hankow Railway Administration.
He was director of Northern Railways during 1907-08; Customs Taotai of
Harbin during 1908-10. In July 1910 he was appointed acting Commis-
sioner for Foreign Affairs, Kirin; in August 1910, Junior Councillor, Board
of Foreign Affairs, Peking; Imperial Commissioner to the International
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 663
Plague Conference at Mukden, in April 1911; acting Senior Vice-President
of the Board of Foreign Affairs, m August 1911 ; and was nominated
Chinese Minister to America, Peru, Mexico and Cuba just after the out-
break of the First Revolution (October 1911) but he did not proceed. In
May 1911 Mr. Szs was appointed Minister of Communications in 'tang
Shao-i's Cabinet. This position he held for less than three months and
resigned on account of ill-health. He is related, by marriage, to Tang
Shao-i. In December 1913 he was appointed Officer of Ceremonies at the
President's Office. In June 1914 he was appointed Chinese Minister to
Great Britain. He was one of China's Chief Delegates to the Paris
Conference in 1919. In September 1920 he was transferred to be
Chinese Minister to Washington. In October 1921 he was awarded the
First Class Wenhu and appointed a Chief Delegate to the Washington
Conference. In November 1921 he was given the rank of Ambassador.
In March 1922 and October 1922 he was awarded respeotive'ly the First
Class Tashou Chiaho and the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. Mr.
Sze visited China in November 1922. He was nominated as Minister of
Foreign Affairs but rejected by the Senate, in January 1923. However, he
was acting Minister of Foreign Affairs from January 5 to February 3, 1923.
Subsequently he was awarded the Second Order of Merit. He returned to
the Washington post in 1923. In July 1924 he was ordered to be Chinese
delegate to the International Opium Conference held under the League of
Nations. At this conference Dr. Sze made a strong fight supported by
the American delegation to bring about the complete suppression of the
opium p roduction and manufacturing, except for medical purposes. Finally
at the session in 1925, when the matter was brought to a vote and no
affirmative action tsken, the American and Chinese delegates left the Con-
ference. Dr. Sze returned to his post in Washington.
664
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. SzeSao-tseng
(Shih Chao-tseng)
Mr. Sze Sao-tseng was born at Soochow, Kiangsu province, in 1868,
his ancestral home being Chinkiang. He is the elder brother of Mr. Alfred
Sze, Chinese Minister, Washington. After having received education from
regular Confucian schools, he served under the Ching regime as expectant
magistrate and later as expectant prefest. He rendered good service in
the flood relief works in north China. Mr. Sze was attache to the Chinese
Legation at Washington from 1893 to 1895 and was Consul-General at New
York from 1896 to 1897. In the winter of 1897 he returned to China and
at once became the superintendent of the Hangyang Iron Works. From
1898 to 1905 he was connected with the construction of the Peking Hankow
Railway. He was Commissioner of the Shanghai-Nanking Railway, from
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 665
1905 to 1907; and its managing director from 1907 to 1909. In 1910 he
was appointed director of. the Peking Hankow Railw'ay. From 1910 to
1912 he was director of the China Merchants Inland Navigation Company,
serving at the same time as a member of the Board of Directors of the
China Merchants : Steam Navigation Company. In 1913 he was appointed
Director-General of the Lung-Hai Railway and also of the Tatung-Chengtu
Railway. The Central Hospital in Peking, which was opened to the public
in January 1918, was promoted and built by Mr. Sze with the assistance
of his many friends. His son. Dr. Philip Sze, graduate of the medical
department of George Washington University, acted for him as the
superintendent of the Hospital for several years. In 1918 he travelled in
Europe on an important mission in connection with the financial situation
of the Lung-Hai railway. In 1919 he was awarded the Second Class
Paokuang Chiaho and the Second Class Wenfu. In January 1920 he
received the First Class Tashou Chiaho. In October 1922 he was relieved
of the post of Director-General of the Lung-Hai Railway which he had
held since 1913. Since 1922 he has been in retirement.
^
6b6
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. I. Hsuan Si
(Sheh I-hsuanj
Mr. I. Hsuan Si was born at Fu Shan Hsien, near Chefoo, in 1886. He
received his early education at the Anglo-Chinese School, Temple Hill,
Chef 00 ; Shantung Christian Union College then at Weihsien, Shantung, now
a part of the Shantung Christian University at Tsinanfu, Shantung; and
for a few months, in Tsing Hua College, Peking. In 1911, Mr. Si
continued h"s studies in the United States on a Tsing Hua scholarship. In
the United States, he attended four universities, viz. University of Illinois,
University of Michigan, Yale and Harvard, He holds the B. A. degree
from Michigan '13, and the M. B. A. (Master in Business Administration)
from the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration '16. After
his studies in 1916 he was the first Chinese student ever admitted as an
apprentice into the private banking firm of J. P. Morgan Co., N. Y.,
where he acquired a valuable experience in American banking systems.
In 1917, Mr. Si went to France from America serving as the first Chinese
Y. M. C. A. secretary among the Chinese laborers in French empl.oy. Ln
France, he stayed in Lyons for some time and later was given charge of
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 667
the Rhone Zone in connection with Y. M. C. A. work. Upon his return to
China, Mr. Si taught one year in the Commercial College of the Nankai
University, Tientsin, acting at the same time as Dean of the Business
School, and then continued his Y. M. G. A. work in Tientsin for another
year. Resigning from the Tientsin Y. M. C. A. he entered into the railway
service in the Ministry of Communications. From that Ministry he was
sent a* one of the attaches to the Chinese Delegation to the Conference on
the Limitation of Armament at Washington, 1921-2. Upon his return from
Washington, he served in the Ministry of Communications as English
secretary to the director of the Railway Department as well as acting assist-
ant chief of the traffic section in the railway department. In the summer
of 1923, during the Lincheng Bandit episode, he was sent as one of the
two delegates to Tsaochuang to represent the Ministry of Communications.
In September 1923, he was appDinted acting general superintendent of
the materials department of the Kiao-Tsi Railway, and is now superintend-
ent of that department located at Tsingtao.
^
66S
WHO'S WETO IN CHINA
Mr. Tsannyuen Philip Sze
(Shih Tsan-yuan)
Dr. Philip Sze was born at Soochow, Kiangsu provi'nce, in 1888. He
studied at Shun-Cheng School in 1900 and at the St. John's University
from 1900 to 1904. He went to the United States in October 1904 wiith
partial government support, and prepared for college at Central High,
School, Washington, from 1904 to 1908. He studied medicine at George
Washington University fr,om 1910 and was graduated from it with the
degree of M. D. in 1914. He was awarded Ordranaux Prize for highest
average in June 1913 and at graduation, 1914; the George Washington
University Surgery Prize for best written paper, in June 1914. He was
an interne at George Washington Umiversity Hospital for one year during
1914-15, and resident phyaician of the Columbia Hospital for Women,
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 669
Washington, D. C, during 1915-16. In May 1916 Dr. Sze returned to
China and was at once appointed associate college physician of Tsinghua
College. In January 1918 he resigned from the Tsinghua post to take up
charge of the Central Hospital, Peking, of which his father Mr. Sze
Sao-tseng was the managing director. " In the summer of 1919 he was
appointed director of the Chinese Educational Mission to Washington, D. C,
to succeed Dr. T. T. Wong who was murdered by a Chinese student. In
May 1921 he was appointed a vice-consul in the Chinese Consuate-General
at San Francisco. In May 1922 he was awarded the Third Class Chiaho
Decoration.
^
Kvr-f'^^rrasjacBai mtmximt
670
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. luming Suez.
& ^ M ^ iS ±
(Shih Yu-ming)
Mr. luming Suez was born at Ningpo, Chekiang province in 1881.
When a boy he attended the Church Missionary Society Day School at his
native place. For three years he studied Chinese classics under a private
tutor. In 1893 he enrolled with the Anglo-Chinese College, Shanghai where
he stayed for half a year. Subsequently he att2nded the English High
School in the same city. In 1895 he joined St. John's University
where he graduated in February 1901. After his graduation he served for
two years as Headmaster of the Chinese Polytechnic Institute, Shanghai.
In 1903 he joined the Public Works Department of the Shanghai Municipal
Council in the capacity of Translator and Chief Chinese Clerk. He served
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 671
the Council for seven years, and then left jt^f .his own accord. In 1910
and 1911 he was in banking Buslne^ III the ifall of 1911 he became
the English secretary and superintendent of Posts and Telegraphs at.
Gyangtse, Tibet. Later he was promoted to be Chinese trade agent of
Gyangtse and concurrently appointed as superintendent of the Gyangtse
Trade Mart. A few months later a mutiny of the garrisons stationed at
that locality broke out, which was immediately followed by the first revolu-
tion resulting in the establishment of the Republip. Through his offices
the mutinous garrisons, which would otherwise have been terminated, were
repatriated to China. Mr. Suez was the last man to leave the Tibetan
outpost. During his stay there he had most thrilling experiences in his
life, and was on the best of terms with the British trade agents. After
leaving Gyangtse he went to Kalimpong in East Bengal, India, where he
had been sent on a special mission. Prior to the Simla Conference in
1913, he was, however, recalled to Peking and transferred to the Ministry
of Foreign Affairs for service. For several years he was in charge of a
section under the Political Affairs Department. In 1918 he was holding a
concurrent post as acting judge of the Shanghai Prize Court. In the same
year he was instrumental in securing the release of the Kyle party which
was held by bandits in Honan. Mr. Kyle was then chief-engineer of the
Chuchow-Chingchow Railway. In July 1919 he was awarded the Fourth
Class Chiaho. In August 1919 he was api>ointed a member of the
Diplomatic and Consular Service Commission. In June 1920 Mr. Suez was
appointed Consul-General at New York. In December 1921 he became
Charge d' Affaires of the Chinese Legation at Panama. In April 1922 he
was appointed Chinese Consul-General at Panama. In November 1922 he
was appointed First Secretary of the Chinese Legation at Panama, still
acting as Charge d' Affaires and holding the post of Consul General con-
currently. In August 1923 he was transferred to be First Secretary to the
Chinese Legation at Peru, at the same time acting as Charge d'Affaires.
672
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. C* S. Shui
7jC 1^ ^ ^ ^ K
(Shiu Chun-shao)
Mr. C. S. Shui was born at Fou Ning Hsien, Kiangsu p.Dovince, in
1878. He was one among the first-class graduates of the Peiyang Yu Ts'ai
Kuan. After graduation he became a teacher in English of ^ the District
School of Hangchow, the capital of Chekiang. In November 1902 Mr. Shui
went to France as a Commercial Attache to Mr. Sun Pao-chi, then Chinese
Minister to Berlin. Taking this opportunity to pursue higher education,
he entered the Commercial College in Paris and graduated there with the
degree of B. A. after four years of study. In October 1906 Mr. Shui
returned to China and was giv'en a position at the Department of Trade in
the Board of Commerce. In May 1907 he was appointed at the recom-
mendation of the Board of Foreign Affairs to be Chinese Commercial Com-
missioner to Germany. In June he was given a concurrent post in the
Board of Agriculture, Works and Commerce as an expectant junior
secretary. In December 1908 Mr. Shui was appointed to hold concurrently
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 6/3
the position of Second Secretary to the Chinese Minister at Berlin who
was no other person than Mr. Sun Pao-ehi. In April 1900 he was called
back to Peking where he returned to the Board of Agriculture, Works and
Commerce. In July 1909 Mr. Shui was transferred to the Board of Com-
munications to become a French Translator to the Directorate-General of
Railways. In August he was given a concurrent position in the Imperial
Mausoleum Construction at Hsiling as Railway Transportation Supervisor.
In October he was promoted to the rank of Second Class Secretary of the
Board. In January 1910 Mr. Shui was appointed a Compiler of the
Councillors' Hall in the Board of C/ommunications. In March 1910 he was
appointed director of the Pienlo Railway and in September 1910 he was
given a concurrent position of advisor to the Kaifeng-Hsuchow Railway.
In December 1912, the first year of the Republic, Mr. Shui was awarded
Fifth Order of Chiaho and in April 1913 he was transferred and appointed
Proctor of the Peking-Hankow Railway. In September 1914 he was
awarded the Fifth Order of Wenfu. In May 1916 Mr. Shui received the
Third Order of Chiaho. In September 1916 he was appointed Chief of the
general affairs department of the Peking-Hankow Railway. In June Mr.
Shui was appointed associated managing director of the Peking-Hankow
Railway. In November 1917 he was awarded the Fourth Order of Wenfu.
In March 1918 Mr. Shui was appointed by the Ministry of Communications
as a delegate to attend the Electrical Exposition in Japan and also to
investigate railway administration in that country. In October 1918 he
was awarded the Third Order of Wenfu. In February 1919 Mr. Shui was
given the Second Order of Chiaho. In December 1919 he was appointed
chief of the General Affairs Department of the Peking-Hankow and Peking-
Suiyuau Railways which had just been amalgamated. In February 1910
he was awarded the Third Order of Paokuang Chiaho. In July 1910 the
two railways separated again and Mr. Shui was appointed acting associated
managing director of the Peking-Hankow Railway Administration. In
August 1920 he was transferred to be associated managing director of
the Peking- Suiyuan Railway, this post he held until January 1921.
At the same time he was appointed a member of the Councillors'
Hall in the Ministry of Communications. In June 1921 Mr. Shui
was given the Second Order of Tashou Chiaho. In June 1922 he
was appointed acting managing director of the Peking-Mukden Railway
which position he is still holding. In September 1922 he was appointed an
executive Member of the Commission on Communications in connection with
the Shantung Negotiations. In October 1922 he was given the First
Order of Tashou Chiaho. In the same month he was \ appointed advisor to'
General Wu Pei-fu, the High Inspecting Commissioner of Hunan and Hupei.
In December 1922 Mr. Shui was appointed Councillor to the High Inspect-
ing Commissioner of Chihli, Shantung and Honan, who was then no other
person than the present President, Marshal Tsao Kun. In October 1923
Mr. Shui was given the Second Order of Wenfu
674
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. C. L. Sun
(Sun Ch'i-lien)
Mr. C. L. Sun was born at Hangyang, Hupei province, in 1890. When
he was ten years old he was sent to Boone College, Wuchang, for element-
ary education. He remained in that institution until 1905. From 1905
to 1909 Mr. Sun was at the St. John's Universitiv, Shang,hai, where he
received a middle school education. In September 1909 Mr. Sun arrived
in America to study with private support. Between 1909 and 1910 he
prepared for college at Cook Academy. In 1910 Mr. Sun entered Syracuse
University, New York, where he studied Law and was graduated with the
degree of LL. B. in 1914. While in the school, he was elected to the
Legal Fraternity, Phi Delta Phi, in October 1913. Mr. Sun returned to
China in August 1914. In 1916 he was an editor of the Far Eastern News,
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 675
Peking. In 1917 he was translator in the President's Office, Peking. From
1918-1921 Mr. Sun was English Secretary to General Li Yuan-hung. During
1922-1923 he was English Secretary of the President's Office, Peking. He-
was awarded the Third Class Chiaho Decoration in 1922. Since 1923 Mr.
Sun has been Private English Secretary to General Li Yuan-hung. While
serving General Li Yuan-hung in the capacity of private secretary, Mr.
Sun was entrusted with looking after the education of General Li's children.
Mr. Sun has also been a lecturer on law Bubjects in Nankai College. His
present address is No. 182 Parkes Road, British Concession, Tientsin.
dte
676
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Sun Feng-tsao
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 677
Mr. Sun Feng-tsao was born at Tientsin, Chihli province, in 1879. He
is one of the first graduates of Peiyang University, Tientsin. After
graduation he served at different times as councillor of the Chihli Indust-
trial Bureau, professor and proctor in the Chihli High Industrial School,
principal of the Marine Products Institute, and committee man of the
American Marine Products- Association. Later Mr. Sun was sent to Japan,
Manila, Canada, and the United States to investigate education, industrial
and n^arine products. He served as chairman of the National Famine
Relief Association and vice-chairman of the Red Cross Association at Tien-
tsin, and as speaker of the City Council. At diffe;rent times he was
advisor to the President, the Cabinet, the Tuchun of Kiangsu, the High
Inspecting Commissioner of Chihli-Honan- Shantung. Mr. Sun was Com-
missioner of Education of Chihli during 1921-22. In 1923 he was appointed
managing director ' of the Tlentsin-Pukow Railway and also of the Pu-
Hsing Railway. H%. has received the Second Class Tashou Paokuang
Chiaho and the Second Class Wenhu Decorations.
e^
678
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Sun Hung-i
Mr. Sun Hung-i was born at Tientsin, Chihli province, in 1870. He is
a well known literati and reformer and is recognized as a leader of pro-
gressive parties. After having taken high literary degrees under the Ching
regime, he was elected a member of the Chihli Provincial Assembly. He
gained a nation wide reputation in 1911 when he headed people's repe-
sentation of the. whole country to demand of the Ching government to start
constitutional .government at once. Mr. Sun had much to do with the first
Revolution. After the ^tablishment he organized the Democratic Party with
headquarters at Shanghai. In 1912 he was elected a member of the First
Parliament. After its dissolution by Yuan Shih-kai in January 1914, he
went to Shanghai standing out as one of Yuan's strongest opponents until
1916. In June 1916 he was appointed Minister of Education in Tuan Chi-
jui's Cabinet. In July 1916 he was transferred to be Minister of the
Interior which post he held until November 1916. Since his retirement,
Mr. Sun has been living at Shanghai working hard for the constitutional
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 679
course. He was once appointed a cabinet minister in the Canton govern-
ment. But after visiting Canton, he decided not to accept the offer. He
has been several times offered by the Peking government important
portfolios in the cabinet, but he has not accepted any. In spite of this he
has remained an Important factor in China's politics.
^
680
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Sun Jun-yu
Mr. Sun Jun-yu was born at Wu Hsien, Kiangsu province, in 1880, and
was a Provincial Graduate under tlie Ciiing regime. In 1900, he graduat-
ed from the Preparatory Department of the Peiyang University, Tientsin.
In 1901 he made a tour in the South Sea Islands investigating industrial
conditions there. After that trip, he went to Manchuria where , he was
entrusted with the work of organizing the Fengtien University of which
he later became a professor. In 1904 he was sent ,by the Kiangsu Pro-
vincial government to Japan to study in the Japanese Imperial Law College
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 681
where he later was graduated. After his return from Japan, Mr. Sun
held the following positions under the Ching regime: Member of the
Constitutional Government Preparation Committee in the Board of the Civil
Administration; Chief of Statistics Section in the Board of War; Professor
of the College of Finance,- High Police College and the Law College. In
1912 he became Chief of the Police Bureau in the Ministry of the Interior
holding concurrently the post of Director of the High Police College.
Subsequently he was elected President of the Kiangsu Lawyers* Associa-
tion. In 1913 he became a Member of the Lower House of the First
Parliament and was subsequently elected a Member of the .Constitution
Drafting Committee. Af'ter the first dissolution of the Parliament by
Yuan Shih-kai in January 1914, Mr. Sun went to Japan becoming the First
Class Councillor of the Chinese Legation in Tokyo. In 1916 when the
First Parliament was reconvoked, Mr. Sun took his seat in the lower house
again and was subsequently elected a member of the Foreign Affairs
Affairs Committee of the House. At the same time he practiced law in
Peking where he later became President of the Lawyers Association and was
also retained lawyer of the Supreme Court. In June 1917 the First Parlia-
ment was again dissolved. The Peking government in September 1917
created a Special Senate to revise the Parliament Election Laws and he
was a member of that Senate. In August 1917 the New Parliament was
convoked in Peking. He was a member of the Lower House in which
position he remained until August 1920 when the Anfu Party which had
been riesponsible for the creation of this new parliament had been removed
by the joint for^ces of Chihli and Fengtien. In August 1922 the First
Parliament was reconvoked by Li Yuan-hung in Peking. Mr. Sun became
a member of the Lower House again. In May 1924 he was appointed Chief
of the Law Bureau in the Cabinet Office. In September ,1924 he was ap-
pointed to hold concurrently the post of Chief Secretary of the Cabinet,
Dr. W. W. Yen being the Premier. Mr. Sun was awarded the Second Class
Paokuang Chiaho in December 1919; the Second Class Wenhu in January
1921; the First Class Tashou Chiaho in October 1922: and the First Glas^
Tashou Paokuang Chiaho in April 1923.
682
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Sun Fo
(Sun K'e)
Mr. Sun Fo was born at Kuantung in 1891, his father being Dr. Sun Yat-
sen, head of the Southern Constitutional government. His elementary
education was obtained in the schools of Honolulu and following the com-
pletion of his work there he entered the University of California. In
1916 he was graduated from that university with the degree of B. A. He
took his M. A. degree from the Columbia University in 1917. While at-
tending school in Honolulu, he was engaged in journalistic works, being
associate editor of The Liberty News, a Chinese language journal, from
1908 to 1911. Mr. Sun returned to China in August 1917 and at once took
part in the organization of the first military government at Canton under
his father. From 1918 to 1919 he was secretary of the Canton National
Assembly. In the winter of 1919 he became an associate >editor of the
Canton Times which position he held until 1920. He took an active part
in the organization and financing of the campai^ against the Kuangsi
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 68.3
militarists in the period from July to October, 1920. Upon the formation
of the commission form of government for the city of Canton in 1921, Mr.
Sun was appointed to the position of Mayor. He held concurrently the
position of director-general of the Board of Ck)nservancy Works of Kuang-
tung. He was a member of the Legislative Commission which formulated
the Canton City Charter and the local government system that has been
put into effect throughout the province of Kuangtung. During the past
twe years, he made several visits to Mukden and Shanghai as his father's
representative to confer with the leaders of other parties on political
affairs of China. Upon the defeat of the Chihli party in the war which
started in September 1924, Mr. Sun Fo accompanied his father, Dr. Sun
Yat-sen to Peking to participate in a discussion with the leaders of the
Anfu-Fengtien party on the subject of National Reunification. Upon the
death of his father, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, a considerable section of the con-
servative element in the Kuomingtang party advocated that Mr. Sun Fo
should assume the position as head of this organization, the place his
father had so long held. He is now living in Shanghai.
e^
1 .
684
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Sun Pao*ch'i
Ml". Sun Pao-ch'i was born at Hangchow, Chekiang province, in 1867.
He was the eldest son of late Sun I-ching, Imperial Tutor of Emperor
Hsien Feng of the Ching regime. On account of his father's rank he was
given the title of Yinsun when he had completed his studies in Chinese
and was ready to enter the official circle. At first he was app^ointed a
junior secretary of the Board of Justice and later made a Taotai in Chihli
Province. In June 1902 after having successively served as secetary to
Chinese legations in Vienna, Berlin and Paris, Mr. Sun was appointed
Chinese Minister to France. Later he was recalled to Peking and in thei
summer of 1906 he was Chief- Secretary to the Government Counoil. In
the autumn of the same year he was appointed Giovernor of the
Metropolitan District. From April 1907 to December 1908, Mr. Sun
was Chinese Minister to Germany. In September 1908, four months be-
fore he returned from Germany, he was appointed assistant director of
the Tientsin-Pukow Railway. From June 1909 to December 1911, he was
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 685
Governor of Shantung. In December 1912, he was appointed by President
Yuan Shih-kai the Co-Director General of the Customs Administration and
in May 1913 he was promoted to be Director General. In September 1913
Mr. Sun succeeded Mr. Lu Tseng-hsiang as Minister of Foreign Affairs
under the Hsiung Hsi-ling Cabinet. Upon the resignation of Premier Hsiung of
which position he was relieved by Hsu Shih-chang in May 1914. In January
1915 he became Director-Ge^neral of the Audit Department, He was
appointed Minister of Finance in April 1916, holding concurrently the
post of Director-General of the Salt Administration. He was relieved of
of the Famine Prevention Commission and associate director of the Famine
these two positions two months later to become again the Director-General
of the Customs Administration. In January 1920 he was given the
First Class Wenfu. From February to May 1920, he was concurrently
Director of the Grovernment Economic Information Bureau. In October
1921, Mr. Sun received two more concurrent positions, namely, President
of the Relief Bureau. In January 1922 he was commissioned to be a Vice-
president of the Yangtze Rivier Commission and in April 1922 to be vice-
president of the Commission for the Study of diplomatic questions arising
from the decisions of the Washington Conference, called by the Ministry
of Foreign Affairs. In June 1922 he was appointed Director-General of
the Famine Relief Bureau. In October 1922 he was given the Third
Order of Merit. In November 1922 he received another concurrent post
as one of the two directors of the office to provide means of living for
the poor in the Metropolitan District, the other director being Mr. Hsiung
Hsi-ling. In January 1923 Mr. Sun was appointed a member of the
Educational Sinking Funds Commission. In January 1924 he was appointed
Prime-Minister. At the same time he was relieved of the directorship of
the Customs Administration by Kao Lin-wei. He resigned from the Prime
Ministership in July 1924. Since then he has been living in retirement.
Besides a popular official, Mr. Sun is also the president of the Han Yih
Ping Coal and Iron Works and also of the China Merchants Steam Naviga-
tion Company. In February 1925, Mr. Sun was appointed tupan of the new
Shanghai- Woosung administration district which was created by the Peking-
government, following the resignation of Marshal Chi Hsieh-yuan asTuchun
of Kiangsu province.
686
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Tao-yu C. Sun
(Sun To-yu)
Mr. Tao-yu C. Sun was born at Shou Hsten, Anhui province. After
having received his preparatory education at hom^, he went to America in
1899 to study. He entered the Cornell University in 1905 and graduated
with the degree of Civil Engineer in 1909. He returned to China in July
1909. Subsequently he was appointed a councillor of the Hanlin Yuan
under the Ching Regime. Once he was an assistant examiner for students'
going abroad for study. Mr. Sun was assistant-engineer of the Kirin-
Changchun Railway, 1909-10; district engineer of the same railway, 1910-
11; managing director of the same railway, 1911-13; managing-director,
Nanking-Changsha Railway, 1914-16; managing-director, Shanghai-Nanking
Railway and Shanghai-Hangchow-Ningpo Railway, 1919; and managing
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 687
director of Chu-Ching, Chow-Hsiang and Hsiang-Ngo railways from 1916.
He acted concurrently as director of the I-Kuei and Han-I sections of the
Hankow-Szechuan Railway. In February 1920 Mr. Sun received the Second
Class Chiaho decoration. In September 1920 he was commissioned to be a
member of the Famine Relief Commission under the Ministry of
Communications. In October 1920 he was appointed Director-General of
the Pukow Port Construction. In November 1920 he was made a member
of the Railway Finance Commission. In February 1921 he was given the
Second Class Tashou Chiaho. In December 1921 he was relieved of the
posts of managing director of Chu-ching, Chow-hsiang Railways., In July
1922 he was commissioned to be a member of the National Finance Discus-
sion Commission. In September 1922 he was relieved of the Pukow Port
post. In January 1923 Mr. Sun was appointed Vice-Minister of Communica-
tions, which position he held until October 1924. In March 1923 he was
made a member of the Mongolian Affairs Commission. In April 1923 he
received the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In May 1923 he was
commissioned to be a member of the Domestic and Foreign Debts Reor-
ganization Commission. For a time Mr. Sun was President of the Tung
Hui Industrial Corporation, a business enterprise founded by his elder
brother, the late Sun To-sun, former Director-General of the Bank of China
and once Governor of Anhui.
^
6SS
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Sun Tso-chang
mm. ^^4-' mm
(Sun Tsu-ci'ang)
Mr. Sun Tso-chang, was born at Liaoyang Hsien, Fengtien province in
1886. He was graduated from the Peking Imperial University before the
Republic. In March 1912, he was appointed Director of the Provincial In-
dustrial School at Yinkow. After a few months t he school was moved to
Mukden and the name was changed to Fengtien Provincial Industrial
College, Mr. Sun was then appointed its president. In 1916, he was ap-
pointed general director of the Fengtien Electric Light Company of Mukden.
In 1920 he was transferred to be the general director of the Yuan Linfe
Forestry Company of Hailunkiang. In the following year, he was appointed
concurrently the general director of Ho Kang Coal Mine Company of Hai-
lunkiang. He was at the same time the general manager of the Govern-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 689
ment Navigation Company of Hailunkiang and Sunhuakiang. In May, 1922,
he received appointment as Councillor to the Military and Civil Governors
of Kirin province; and in October of the same year, he was transferred to
Mukden to be general manager of the Mukden Cotton Mill Company which
is at present practically the biggest industrial enterprise in the Manchurian
provinces.
^
690
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Y. Ralph Sun
(Sun Yuan-fang)
Mr. Ralph Sun was born at Shou-Hsien, Anhui province, in 1883. He
received his elementary education at home and went to America in April
1903 with private support. At Wesleyan Academy he prepared for college
from 1903 to 1906. He studied Mining at Massachusetts Institute of
Technology during 1906-09; and barking at Brown University during 1909-
12 graduating there with the degree of Ph. B. Mr. Sun returned to China
in September 1912. He was inspector of the Bank of China, Peking, during
1912-13. He assisted in the drawing of bank rules and gold reserve re-
gulations most of which received favorable attention of the bank
authorities. He was member of the Currency Commission, in the Ministry
of Finance, during 1913-14. In 1914 Mr. Sun was made sub-manager of
the Bank of China, at Hankow. After two years' successful service, he
resigned and accepted the general managership of the Fou ^ Foong Flour
Mill Co., Shanghai, which post he is still holding. In 1916 Mr. Sun assisted
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 691
the late Mr. Sun Tsao-sun in establishing the Chung Foo Union Bank.
Upon the formal opening of the Bank in May 1916, he became Shanghai
manager of the Bank, as a concurrent post which he is still holding. He
holds many other business positions, such as, director of the Flour Mer-
chants' Guild, vice-president of the Chinese Bankers Association, Shanghai,
member of editorial committee of the General Chamber of Commerce,
Shanghai. He is also connected with the Chung Foo Union Bark, Fou
Foong Fbur Mill Co., Tung Foong Flour Mil!, Honan, Tsi Foong Flour Mill.
Shantung, Tai Loong Flour Mill, Wusih, Lee Hsin Transportation Co.,
Woo Foong GodowTi Co., Shanghai and Tung Hwei Industrial Development
Co., Peking. He has been made a Counsellor of the Ministry of Agriculture
& Comerce and has received three decorations of the "Chia Woo" rank.
^
692
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Soong Tsung-faung
5tc # ^ ^ # «/
(Sung Ch'un fang)
Mr. Soong Tsung-faung was born in 1891 at Wu Shing, Chekiang.
When he was a mere youth of thirteen, he received the degree of
'•Shoutsai" or B. A. in the old Chinese Regime. He studied English at
St. John's University, Shanghai, for some years, and later went to Switzer-
land and entered the University of Geneva to study Social and Political
Science. In 1915 he received the M. A. degree from that university.
After his return to China, Mr. Soong became lecturer of modern languages
in St. John's University from 1916 to 1917. Then he went to Peking and
accepted the position of professorship in French Language in Tsing Hua
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 693
College which he held until 1918 when he left Tsing Hua to take up the
Chair of French Literature in Peking Government University. In 1920 Mr.
Soong took his second trip to Europe to investigate post-war social condi-
tions and literary tendencies. While in Europe he also served as Secretary
of the Chinese Delegation to the Peace Conference at Geneva. After his
return from Europe Mr. Soong held several official positions, Secretary of
Ministry of Finance, (January-June 1922 and again since September 1923)
Co-Director of Loan Department, vice-chairman of the Tariff Investigation
Commission. Mr. Soong is the author of the follow'ing publications:
"Parcourant le Monde en Flammes," "La Literature Chinois Contemporaine"
and "Dramatic Essays." Mr. Soong is the editor of the undermentioned
periodicals: "Tribune de Geneva," "Revue de Geneva" and "The Eastern
Times, (Shanghai)." Mr. Soong is. president of the Peking Esthetic Club.
^
694
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr Far-san T. Sung
5tc « # ^' gC ^
(Sung Fa-hsiang)
Mr. Far-san T, Sung was born at Hsing-hua Hsien, Fqkien province, in
1883. He studied at Anglo-Chinese School, Hsinghua, 1896-1900. In
August 1900 he went to America and studied Science at Ohio Wesle.y^n
University, 1900-5, graduating with the degree of B. Sc; at the University
of Chicago, 1905-7, graduating with the degree of B. Sc. also. He received
M. S. degree from the Ohio Weeleyan in 1906. In August 1907 Mr. Sung
returned to China. He passed the Imperial Examination for returned
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 695
students and obtained the degree of Chu-Jen. He was a teacher in the
Fukien Provincial College, 1907; Professor of Chemistry, Peking Govern-
ment University, 1908-12; Technical Expert of the Ministry of Finance,
1913; Co-Director of the Assaying Office, Ministry of Finance, 1912-13;
Director of Soochow Mine, 1913; Co-Director of the Bureau of Printing
and Engraving, 1914; Inspector General of Mints, Ministry of Finance,
1914-16; Director of Nanking Mint, 1917; Advisor to Tuchun of Kiangsu,
1915-16; private English secretary to the late President Feng Kuo-chang,
1917-18; political advisor to the President's Office, 1919. Mr. Sung has
promoted quite a number of industrial enterprises, of which the Paoting^
Electric Works is one. In co-operation with Mr. Ling Ping-chang, a
leading merchant at Foochow, he founded the Fukien Industrial Company
in 1920; and with Mr. Chiang Tien-to, the Sino-Scandinavian Bank in Pek-
ing, in the spring of 1921. He was a councillor-at-large of the Ministry
of Finance in 1920 and again from 1922 to 1924. In April 1923 he was
awarded the Second Class Chiaho Decoration. In May 1923 he was ap-
pointed a member of the Commission for the Consolidation of Domestic
and Foreign Debts. In September 1924 he became manager of the Peking
Office of the Sino-Norwegian Bank which position he is still holding.
v^
696
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr* Sung Han-chang
515 g^ » '# 91 ^-
Mr. Sung Han-chang was born in 1872 at Chien-ning Hsien, Fukien
province, where his father was engaged in the salt business. In 1881 he
returned to his father's native city, Yu-yao Hsien, Chekiang province. He
studied there till 1889 when he joined the Chinese Telegraph Administra-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 697
tion as an accountant. While serving in that capacity he spent his leisure
time in studying English. He left the Administration in May 1895 to join
the service of the Chinese Customs Administration, Shanghai, as a clerk on
the indoor staff.- Two years later he was transferred to.the Ningpo office.
Mr. Sung resigned from the customs in 1898.in, order to return to the
service of the Telegraph Administration as an accountant and private
secretary to the-manager, 5lr. King Lien-shan. In the same year he ac-
compained Mr. King' on the latter's trip to Hongkong and Macao, and
became his. assistant when Mr. King returned to Shanghai and joined the
Imperial Bark of China, now known as the Commercial Bank of China, in
1900. In August 1906 he went to Peking to start the Peking Savings Bank
under the control of the Board of Revenue. This was jreally a. department
for managing the savings accounts of the Ta Ching ■ Government Bank
then in liquidation. By an order of the Minister of the Board. of Revenue.
Mr. Sung returned to .Shanghai to - be' manager of the Ta Ching Bank
in Shanghai. In 1912, with the consent of the local shareholders, he put
the bank into liquidation. This involved a great volume of work for the
manager and during a short period of time, the entire amount of capipal,
totalling Haikwan Taels 5,000,000, was rutuined to the sharehoMers. On
the other hand, Mr. Sung accepted tte appointment of manager of the Bank
of China. The work of organizing and inaugurating the Bank of China also
involved tremendous energy and trials, but Mr. Sung faced the' situatiton
admirably. Just when Mr. Sung had set the bank on a firm footing, Yuan'
Shih-kai proclaimed a state of moritorlum among the government banks
and almost su2C83ded in undoing what Mr. Sung had labored for five years,
to accomplish. The order was proclaimed by a Mandate on May 12, 1916,
on accounnt of the government being short of funds. Instructions from
Peking for Mr. Sung were that he should at once lock up the cash reserves
in the strong room at the Shanghai office and remove his office to Chinese
territory. Although he was impressed with the importance' of obeying
this order, he realised that the financial market of the port wo'ald be
greatly disturbed, if it were observed and carried out. Courageously he
made up his mind to resist the order and transacted his banking business
as usual, avoiding a financial panic and at the same time' keeping; the
Shanghai notes at par. Mr. Sung has been for many years president of
the Shanghai Barkers' Association and director of the Chinese General
Chamber of Commerce, of the Red Cross. Society of. China, of the Anti-
kidnapping. S'ocigty, and' of the- Sha-Hsing' Giiild. ,In 1916 he. was elected
chairman of the Chinese General Chambet of . .Commerce, but J Be declined
the honor on .account of. pressure, of. work in fiis banking business. He
was awarded by the Peking government" the. Second Class. Chiaho in
August 1919 and the Second Tashou Pabku-ngg Chiaho in April 1923.
698
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Genera] Sung Hsiao-lien
General Sung Hsiao-lien was born at Kirin, Kirin province, in 1864.
After having studied in the regular Confucian schools, he joined the
government service. Under the Ching Regime he held successively the
following positions: a court secretary at Heilungkiang province; director
of the Foreign Affairs Bureau connected with the Harbin Railway; Taotai
of Hailar, Brigadier General at Hurunpir, Heilungkiang; Deputy Commis-
sioner of Civil Administration of Heilungkiang from March 1911; Commis-
sioner, from December 1911; and Governor of the province during the
First Revolution. In March 1912, the Peking government appointed
General Sung the Tutu or Military Governor of Heilungkiang. In August
1913 h3 resigned on account of opposition from the Russians. In May
1914 he was appointed by Yuan Shih-kai as a member of the State Council.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 699
He lived an inactive life until June 1920 when he was appointed Director
General of the- Chinese Eastern Railway. It was he who ordered that the
Russians guilty of the Chinese law be bambooed in the regular ancient
fashion, thus making himself unpopular with the Russians in Harbin. He
was given the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho in January 1921; relie>V€d
of the directorship in January 1922; and given the Second Class Tashou
Paokuang Chiaho in December 1922.
^
700
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Sung Tso-chiu
(Sung Shu-heng)
Mr. Sung Tse-chiu was born at Tientsin in 1863. He had a humble
beginning in life and is now the most influential merchant at that port.
Mr. Sung was an apprentice in a small store in hJs early youth. He-
gradually work 3d his way up until he became manager of the Teng Ching
Lung Company, one of the largest piece goods stores at Tientsin! . After
his resignation, . he devoted his time and energy to the promotion of native
goods stores and the encouragement of native products. In consequence
of his activity in that direction, he was elected pres.ident of the Associia-
tion for Industrial and Commercial Studies, and chairman of the Industrial
Association, both of these offices being filled with great credit to himself.
He invented An Kuo Pu or "Loving Country Cloth" to replace imported
cloth. An Kuo Pu has now become so popular that it is extensively used
by every family in the country and during the baginning of the: Great
War, large quantities of it were shipped to Russia where it was in high
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 701
demand. In 1915, he promoted the movement of boycotting Japanese goods
as a result of the Twenty-One Demands Japan made upon China. When
the European Peace Conference decided the Shantung issue in Japan's
favor, he together with his friends promoted the organization of ten-men
groups to arouse a healthy national feeling. In recognition of his en-
thusiasm, he was elected vice-president of this organization, which
subsequently proved to be one of the most influential 'organizations in
promoting the boycott movement. On account of his Anti-Japanese
activities, he was wanted by the Tientsin Police. Among the various
offices he now holds are: dii*ector of the Native Goods Store which was
founded more than fifteen years ago; chairman of the Association for the.
Encouragement of Native Products; director of the Anti-Narcotic As-
sociation ; A member of the People's Association ; chairman of the Financial
Committee of the Union of Various Professions; assistant manager of the
Tientsin Soap Factory. Mr. Sung is a Christian, and interested in the
social welfare of the community in which he lives. Once he was president
of the Reformatory where men with criminal inclinations or those who
are mentally distorted are sent for treatment. Mr. Sung has established
six schools at Tientsin all at his own expense. They are called Sung's
Schools.
^
702
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Genersl T'an Yen-k'ai
General T'an Yen-k'ai was born at Ch'a-Iin Hsien, Hunan province, in
1876, his father being the late T'an Chung-lin, the Viceroy of Hu and
Kuang Provinces. He became a Metropolitan Graduate in 1904 and was
subsequentlj' made a Hanlin Compiler, being admitted to the Hanlin
Academy. Shortly afterwards he resigned from the Academy and returned
home for retirement. While residing in Hunan, he was, however, active in
local politics. In consequence he was elected chairman of the Provincial
Assembly of Hunan in 1909, when the Ching House gave every indication
of its determination to introduce constitutional government. In October
1911 the First Revolution broke out and General T'an was elected Chief of
Military Affairs with headquarters at Changsha. In July 1912 he was
appointed Tutu or Military Governor of Hunan. In October 1913 he was
ordered by Yuan Shih-kai to turn over the office of Tutu to Tang Hsiang-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 703
ming. He was suspected of being disloyal to Yuan in connection with the
Second Revolution which broke out In the summer of 1913. In June 1916,
Yuan Shih-kai died. In August 1916 he was appointed Civil Governor of
Hunan and concurrently Military Governor the denomination of which had
by that time been changed from Tutu to Tuchun. He was relieved of the
Tuchun post by Fu Liang-teo, a confidential man of Tuan Chi-jui, then
Prime Minister, in August 1917. Subsequently the Kiangsi troops invaded
Hunan, captured Changsha and drove away General Fu. In December 1917
General T'an again became Tuchun of Hunan, this time being appointed by
the Southern-western government. In the mean time the Peking govern-
ment ordered General Tsao Kun, General Wu Pei-fu and General Chang.
Chin-yao to retake Hunan. Their combined forces finally succeeded in
recapturing Changsha and Yochow in April 1918, but the south-western
troops unnder General Tan's leadership still occupied part of 'Hunan's-
territory. In March 1919, before the victory was completed, Peking
appointed General Chang Chin-yao, an Anfu man, Military Governor of
Hunan, instead of General Wu Pei-fu, who should have deserved this ap-
pointment because it was his troops who alone recaptured these two
important cities. For a time, there were two military governors in Hunan,
one appointed by Peking and the other by Canton. In March 1920, General
Wu Pei-fu retired from Hunan to Paotingfu under the excuse of giving a
rest to his troops but really as a protest against Peking's refusal to pay
his- men although the- Anfu generals received their monthly allowance more
regularly. Upon his retirement from Hunan, General Chang Chin-yao could
not hold his ground. General Tan, taking advantage of the sitratatcon,
advanced with his men, captured and expelled Chang Ching-yao in June
1820. After Chang's flight, he became the civil as well as the military
governor of Hunan, but he did not function as such under orders of
Peking. On November 2, 1920 General T'an declared a self-governm-ent
in Hunan. • On the 23rd, the civil and military administrations were sepa-
rated with General Chao Heng-ti taking up the command of the military,
troops and General T'an temporarily in chrage of the civil administration,
awaiting the election by the people of the new governor. A week later the
latter was relieved of the governorship by General Ling Chih-yu, who is
General Chao's man. Since then General T'an joined the Southern govern-
ment and made several attempts in vain to restore his stand in Hunan. In
June 1922 when the Chihli-Fengtien War had just broken, out, the Peking
government appointed him Acting Minister of the Interior but he did not
accept the offer. In October 1923 he was awarded the Second Order
of Merit.
704
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General T'ang Chi-yao
General T'ang Chi-yao was born at Tung-chuan Hsien, Yunnan province,
in 1885. He was a Hsiu-Tsai in the Ching Dynasty and was graduated
from the Provincial High College of Yunnan. In November 1909 he entered
the Military Cadets' Academy, Japan, and was graduated from the Artillery
Department in 1910. Upon his return to China, he served in the Army of
Fengtien Province. Shortly afterwards he went to Yunnan becoming Staff
Officer to the Viceroy of Yunnan-Kueichow and President of the Military
Training College. General Tang became a revolutions when he was in Japan
where he made acquaintances with the revolutionary leaders. The First,
Revolution broke out at Wuchang on October 10, 1911. General Ts'ai
Ao, Li Lieh-chun and T'ang Chi-yao responded to the revolutionary call
by declaring independence in Yunnan on October 30. Ts'ai was elected
Tutu and T'ang became Chief Staff Officer of the Yunnan Military govern-
ment. In April 1912, at the recommendation of Ts'ai Ao, President Yuan!
Shih-kai appointed General T'ang the Tutu of Kueichow Province. In
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 705
July 1916, President Li Yuan-hung appointed General T'ang the Tuchuni,
new designation of military governor, of Yunnan. In September 1916 h©
was again ordered to act concurrently a Civil Governor of Yunnan. Aftear
one year's quiet administration, another trouble started in which General
T'ang was sariously involved. In May 1918 the Extraordinary Parliament
elected seven directors to administer the Opposition Government and
General T'ang was one of them. At first these leaders were in concerted
action against the north. Soon, quarrels occurred between them. In
June 1919 the Kuo Ming^ Tang elements including General T'ang were
ousted by the Kuangsi faction. In December 1919 the Extraordinary
Parliament ceased to function on account of military interference by the
Kuangsi faction. Then General T'ang invited the parliamentarians to
Yunnan, where they assembled in July 1920. In June 1920 General T'ang,
in a circular telegram abolished the post of Tuchun of Yunnan and assumed
the commandership of Yunnan and Szechuan Allied Forces. In July 1920
he drove out General Hsiung Ke-wu from Chengtu, the capital of Szechuan
and assumed the control of that province. In September 1920 General
Hsiung Ke-wu, assisted by Liu Tsen-hou came back to Chengtu, drove
General T'ang out of Szechuan, and Yunnan was left to itself. In Decem-
ber 1920 the Kuo Ming Tang leaders resumed the . control of Kuangtun;g;
and General T'ang became a Military Director again. During the following
year he directed the troops remaining loyal to him ' in operations agB,insb
the Szechuan leaders. In March 1922 General T'ang returped to Yunnan again
and since that time he has been in control of that, province and also a
part of -Szechuan province.
^
706
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Tang Shao-yi
(T'ang Shao-i)
Mr. Tang Shao-yi was born at Fang-yu Hsien, Kuangtung province, in
1860. In 187S he was sent to America among the first group of Chineise
students to study there with government support. He remained in the
United States for seven years. He attended the Columbia University, New
York but he returned to China before his graduation upon the order of
the government which was sceptical about the real usefulness of the
Western education. Mr. Tang was appointed assistant in charge of the
Korean Maritime Customs in 1882, one year after his return from America.
Later he attracted the attention of Yuan Shih-klai, and was appointed
secretary to the Imperial Resident in Korea. After the China-Japanese
War, Mr. Tong was Consul-General in Korea. Shortly afterwards he was
employed on the staff of the Peiyang Railway Administration. In the
winter of 1900 Mr. Tang was with Yuan Shih-fcai in Shantung it was the
year of the Boxer rising, and Mr. Tang cooperated with Yuan Shih-kai in
the suppression of the disturbances. In March 1902 he was appointed
Customs Taotai of Tientsin, In October 1904 he was appointed 'special
commissioner to Tibet. He visited India as China's envoy to negotiate the
Tibet convention, which was subsequently completed at Peking in Nov-
ember 1905. In December 1905 Mr. Tang was appointed Junior vice-
president of the Board of Polreign Affairs. Shortly afterwards, he was
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 707
made Director- General of the Shanghai- Nanking Railway and the Lu-Han
Railway. In May 1906 h3 was made ConrptrQller-General of the Revenue
Council in Peking. In January 1907 he became Senior Vice-President af
the Board of Communications. At the same time he continued to act as
Vice-President of the Board of Foreign Affairs. In April 1907 he was
appointed first Governor of Fengtien upon the reorganization of the
government of Manchuria when Hsu Shih-chang was Viceroy of Manchuria.
In July of 1908 he was sent as a special envoy to America to thank the.
United States government for waiving part of the Boxer indemnity. In
July of 1908 he resigned the governorship of Fengtien. In , August 1910,
Mr. Tang was expectant Vice-President of the Board of Communications,
and soon afterwards was asked to act for the President, but he resiigned
his office in the following spring. On the dismissal of Sheng Hsuan-huai
on October 27, 1911, Mr. Tang was appointed President of the Board of
Communications. On December 7, Yuan appointed Mr. Tang to head the
revolutionary leaders for peace at Shanghai. On December 27, he re-
signed from this position. Mr. Tang was appointed Prime Minister under
the Republican government i;i February 1912. This position he held until
June 1912. Subsequently he became High Advisor to President Yuan.
He denounced Yuan Shih-kai in 1915 when the latter aspired to be
Emperor and worked against his imperial plan. After the death of Yuan
Shih-kai in June 1916, Li Yuan-hung became President who appointed Tuan
Chi-jui to be Prime Minister. Mr. Tang was appointed Minister for Foreign
Affairs. But he did not assume office on account of opposition in Peking,
Ha was officially relieved of the portfolio in September 1916. In; May
1918 Mr. Tang was elected by this Parliament as one of the seven directors
of the Canton Military government. In iFebruary 1919 he was appointed
by the Canton government to head the southern delegation to the conference
held at Shanghai for the settlement of China's internal trouble which com-,
menced in 1917. In October 1919 he resigned from this mission. In May
1920 a dissention occurred between the directors of the Canton government
as a result of which Mr. Tang and other Kuomingtang directors had to
leave Canton. However, in December 1920 they regained their position at
Canton. In April 1921 the Canton Parliament elected Dr. Sun Yat-sen
President. Mr. Tang became Minister of Finance. In August 1922, the
First Parliament was reconvoked in Peking. Subsequently President Li
Yuan-hung appointed Mr. Tang Prime-Minister. In the meantime Sun Yat-
sen's party was ousted from Canton by General Chen Chiung-ming'. Mr.
Tang returned to Shanghai but did not proceed to Peking to assume office.
When the Chihli party was defeated in the internal civil war which began
in September 1924, Mr. Tang was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs,
in the nev/ Provisional Cabinet formed in Peking by the Anfu-Fengtien
party. Mr. Tang, however, declined the appointment and is still residing in
Shanghai.
708
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General T'ang Tsai-Ii
General T'ang Tsai-ll was born at Shanghai in 1882. He passed in
1898 the competitive examinations conducted by the Shanghai School of
Languages and was sent to Japan as a government student. He was
among the first group of Chinese students sent to the Japanese Military-
Cadet School. He entered this school in October 1901, taking a course in
applied artillery and engineering, graduating there in 1904. In 1904
General T'ang returned to China and served under Yuan Shih-kiai, who
was then Viceroy of Peiyang, as his staff officer, chief assistant instructor
and in various other capacities at the Training Bureau. He -acted as
umpire at the manoeuvres held in Hokienfu, Chihli and Changtehfu Honan.
In 1900, was appointed commander of the artillery regiment of the Fiftb
Division stationed in Shantung. In 1908 he became chief of the depart-
ment of the Training Bureau of the Metropolitan Forces. In the same
year, he was commissioned Lieutenant -Colonel of the artillery, chief staff
officer of the manoeuvres at Chochow, Chihli and inspected the National
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 709
Manoeuvre of Japan. In 1910, went to Urga, Mongolia, as the chief of
the military staff there. In the following year, he returned to Peking to
become the staff officer of Yuan Shih-Kai. Upon the establishment of the
Republic, Yuan Shih-kai sent him as one of the Northern Delegates to
negotiate with the Nanking government to effect the unification of the
North and the South. He served later in the year 1912 as Military
Counselor to President Yuan, being promoted as a- Brigadier-General and
awarded the Fourth Order of Merit. In 1914 he became Deputy Chief of
the Military Council in the President's Office and a year later he was
promoted to be Chief of the Council. In February 1915 he was commis-
sioned to act as Deputy-Chief of the General Staff. In June 1915 he was
appointed Acting Deputy Chief of the General Staff which position was
substantiated to him in August 1915. In December 1915 he was ordered
to act as Chief of the General Staff. In July 1916 he resigned from these
posts, to accept a military councillorship in the president's office. In 1918
General T'ang was sent to Europe as the Chinese representative at the
Allied Military Council. During the first part of 1919 he was at Paris as
Chief Military Delegate on the Chinese Delegation to the Peace Conference.
In December 1919 he was appointed Deputy Chief of the Genleral Sta'ff
although he was still in Europe making an extensive travel throughout
the Balkans as well as Central and Southern Europe. While in England
he was knighted (K. B. E.) by King George. He returned to China in
the summer of 1920 and resigned from the General Staff in August that
year. In recognition of his services, he was made a Chiangchun, of the
College of Marshals with "Yen-Wei" as special title and also decorated
with the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho and the Second Class Wenfu
Decorations. In January 1922 he was appointed a Member of the Com-
mission on Mongolian Affairs. General T'ang is the wearer of the French
Legion d'Honneur, Commander; the Belgian Order of Crown, Commander;
and the Greek Order of the Second Class.
710
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Teng Hsi-hou
General Teng was born in 18S9 in the city of Yungahanhsien in Sze-
chwau. His education has baen entirely along military lines. After
attending a Miltary Primary School in Szechwan he went to Nanking to
the Military Middle School there. After graduating £rom the Paoting
Military Academy he returned to Szechwan. In 1912, after the Revolution,
like most of the other military leaders of the day the Republic gave him
his opportunity. Ee has risen successively through the ranks, being
recognized now as one of the important leaders in his native province.
Since he was made a Brigadier General in 1918 he has held several dif-
ferent commands including those of Bandit Suppression and General. As
the latter he was to have had command of the Fo^urth Szechwan Army;
this did not materialize. He is best known as the leader of the old Third "
Division, which he has led since 1921, now known as the 30th National
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 711
Division. General Teng is also in close touch with the old 7th Division,
now the 31st National Division, led by General Cheng Kweh Tung. As
such he was recognized as a Subordinate Generalissimo which was equiv-
alent to a General Commanding an Army. General Teng has been given
all the customary honors given by Peking. He was made a Chiangin in
1923 with the title of "Pao Wei." For his part in the fighting, of 1923,
wheji both he and General Cheng helped the Allied Armies, he has been
given a higher rank as Marshal so that his emoluments are considered
very pretentious. At present General Teng is the Civil Governor of Sze-
chwan by appointment from Peking.
^
712
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 713
Prizeman in International Law at London University, which honor he
held until 1916. Dr. Tyau, after his graduation at St. John's University
and before going abroad, interested himself in the publication of the
World's Chinese Students' Journal, which existed from 1906 to»1913 and
of which he subsequently became an editor. While attending the Univers-
ity of London, he acted as London correspondent of the Republican
Advocate .(Shanghai) between 1912 and 1913, edited the East in the West
(London), etc., frequently contributed articles to the (London) Times, the
Contemporary Review, etc. In August of 1910, he represented China at
the Universal Peace Congress at Stockholm, represented China together
with Dr. C. T. Wang at the World's Christian Students, Conference at Con-
stantinople in May of 1911, and at the Anti-Opium Conference, Paris, in
May of 1914. Upon his return to China in September 1916, Dr. Tyau was
engaged by the Tsing Hua College to lecture on International Law and
teach English. This post he held until September '1919. He joined the
faculty of the Tsinghua College in October 1919 again. From December
1921 to May 1922 Dr. Tyau was Secretary to the Minister of Communications.
In April 1922 he was appointed Secretary of the Post- Washington Confer-
ence Commission. In May 1922 he was awarded the Fourth Class Chiaho
Decoration and in April 1923 the Third Class Chaho. Dr. Tyau is the
author of the following works: "The Legal Obligations arising out of
Treaty Relations between China and other States" (1917); "China's New
Constitutions and International Problems" (1918); edited "China in 1918"
(1919); and "London through Chinese Eyes' (1920). The last mentioned
work was published by Headly Brothers, illustrated by a Chinese lady artist
and contains a preface by Sir John Jordan, former British Minister in Peking.
^
714
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Philip K. C. Tyau
(Tiao Tso-ch'ien)
Dr. Philip K. C. Tyau was born at Hsing-ning Hsien, Kuangtung pro-
vince, in 1880. In 1889 he went to Honolulu where his father was a well-
known merchant. In 1896 he entered St. John's University, Shanghai.
After graduatipn from that institution in 1901 he went to London and entered
a secondary school in North London to learn Latin. After one year's 'pre-
paration he enrolled himself at Christ College, Cambridge University. He
obtained his B. A. degree in 1905 and his LL.B. degree in 1907. Also in
1907 he became Barrister-at-law of the Middle Temple. He took his M. A.
degree at Cambridge in 1908. During the interval between his graduation
at Cambridge and call to the Bar he took the second year engineering course
at Sheffield University. He registered himself for the LL.D. degree at the
London University but had to return to China before the completion of his
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 715
course. In 1907 he was appointed a secretary to the Director of the Im-
perial Student Mission which had charge of all the Chinese students in
Europe. He succeeded to the post of Director in 1909. He returned to
Peking in 1910 and entered for the examination for returned students and
obtained the Chin Shih LL.D. degree. He was a successful candidate at the
Palace Examination in 1911 and was appointed a Hanlin of the First Grade
(Compiler of the Imperial Academy). During the Revolution in 1911-1912
Dr. Tyau took up the editorship of the Peking Daily News. When the Wai
Chiao Pu (Foreign Office) was reorganised in 1912 he was appointed one of
its four secretaries. In August 1912 he was appointed Councillor of the
legation in London where he remained April 1916 when he was recalled
by President Yuan Shih-kai for some specific duty. On his arrival at
Peking in June after the President's death he rejoined the Wai Chiao Po
as an Assistant Secretary. In 1917 he was appointed concurrently
Assistant Secretary of the Cabinet. In April 1918 he was made Sec-
retary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In December 1918 he became
an Acting Councillor of the same Ministry. In February 1919 he was
awarded the Fourth Class Wenfu. In April 1919 be was appointed to act
as Chief of the Intelligence Bureau. In May 1919 he received the Third
Class Paokuang Chiaho. In August 1919 he was one of the examiners of
the Diplomatic and Consular Service Examination. In February 1920 Dr.
Tyau was made a Director of the Tsingfhua College. In September he
became a Councillor of the Foreign Office. In September 1920 he became
concurrently Chief Secretary of the Peace' Treaty Discussion Commission
under the Foreign Office. In October 1920 he received another concurrent
position, viz Superintendent of the Diplomatic Intelligence Service. In
February 1921 he was given the Second Class Tashou Chiaho. In August
1921 he was appointed Chinese Minister to Cuba. In October 1921 he
was ordered to hold temporarily the post of Chief Secretary of the Chinese
Delegation to Washington Conference. In January 1922 he was appointed
to be concurrently Chinese Minister to Panama. This and the Cuba positions
he is still holding. In May 1922 he received the Second Class Paokuang
Chiaho and in October 1922 the Third Class Wenfu. Dr. Tyau is one of
the few returned students who have gained laurels at out door games and
have kept them up after their return to China. He was Captain of Christ-
College Cambridge at lawn tennis and represented Cambridge University
more than once at that game although he did not play in the Oxford-Cam-
bridge match which alone entitles a player to receive the "Blue," He was
also a member of his College team at Association football and played in
the University League. He was the champion of the Peking International
Lawn Tennis Club and won the open singles championship at Tientsin. Dr.
Tyau is a Christian and takes a great interest in Y. M. C. A. work.
716
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. T'ien Ying-huang
Mr. T'ieii Ying-huang was born at Hun- Yuan Hsien, Shansi province,
in 1866. He became a Chu-Jen or Provincial Graduate in 1894 through
competitive examinations. During the subsequent years Mr. T'ien devoted
himself to the promotion of education in his native province. In re-
cognizance of his good service, the Imperial government at the request
of the Governor of Shansi gave Mr. T'ien the qualification to become a
Magistrate. Mr. T'ien was sent to Hupei where he was Magistrate of
Lei-Feng Hsien for several years. Later he was transferred to En-Sze
Hsien. Upon the outbreak of the First Revolution in Hupei, Mr. T'ien
became a secretary to General Sze Hao, playing a part in the revolutionary
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 717
activities. In May 1912 Mr. T'ien returned to Shansi to accept the post
of High Political Advisor to the Tutuh of the province. President Yuan
Shih-kai offered him the post of Commssioner of Kuei-Sui Area, but he
declined to accept. Mr. T'ien was elected a Senator of the First Parliament
which was convoked in April 1913 and dissolved in January 1914. In
March 1913 Mr. T'ien became a member representing Shansi in the Yueh-
Fa-Hui-I called by Yuan Shih-kai for the sole purpose of drafting a
Provisional Constitution to replace the one promulgated by Sun Yat-sen
in 1912 at Nanking. Aft3r the promulgation of the new constitution in
May 1914 and the close of the conference that followed, Mr. T'ien was
appointed an Assistant Compiler of the Ching History Compilation Bureau.
After some time he returned to Shansi and became Chancellor of the Shansi
University. Mr. T'ien did not take his seat in the Senate when the First
Parliament was reconvoked in 1916 after the death of Yuan Shih-kai. It
was again dissolved in June 1917. Mr. T'ien was a Member of the Pro-
visional Senate which was convoked in January 1918. The formation of
the Senate was demanded by the northern military leaders for the sole
purpose to revise the Parliamental Election Laws upon which the First
Parliament had been based. Based upon the new Election Laws, a new
Parliament was called by the northern government in 1918. It was con-
voked in August that year. Mr. T'ien was elected vice-president of the
Senate. In June 1919 Mr. T'ien was awarded the Second Class Tashou
Chiaho, in October 1919 the First Class Tashou Chiaho and in January 1920
the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho Decoration. The new Parliament
was dismissed in August 1920 after the 'Chihli-Anfu war. In October
1920 he was appointed to assist General Yen Hsi-shan in famine relief
work in the province of Shansi. In September 1921 Mr. T'ien received
the First Class Wenhu Decoration. The First Parliament was reconvoked
in August 1922 in Peking after the Chihli-Fengtien war, and Mr. T'ien
took his seat in Senate again.
718
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General M. K. Tinn
r m^mm
(Ting Chin)
General M. K. Tinn was born at Wu-hsi Hsien, Kiangsu province, in
1878. He received his Chinese education under a private tutor and modern
education in the Nanyang College, Shanghai, from which he was graduated
in 1897. He is proficient in the Japanese language. Scon after his gradua-
tion, he went to North China and through the introduction of Wu Shi-
lung, former President of Peking Government University, joined General
Tuan Chi-jui, who was then holding the position of Chief of the General
Staff of the Viceroy of Chihli, in the capacity of translator to undertake
the translation ^from Japanese into Chinese of all the books on military
tactics. After having translated the Japanese books into Chinese for
three months,- he applied to General Tuan for permission to enter a mili-
tary school to study military tactics. His request was granted, and he
J
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 719
joined the Peiyang Military Academy in which institution most of the
military leaders in China today were educated. He graduated in 1902.
During his three years of stay in the Peiyang Military Academy he headed
his class in every subject. Four different generals including General Tuan
and the late President Feng Kuo-chang applied for his service. General
Feng who was then engaged in training troops succeeded in getting
General Tinn to work under him. In 1903, when General Feng was
appointed Director-General of the Royal Military College in Peking, Gen-
eral Tinn became a teacher of that school and it was then considered a
high honor to teach princes, marquises, and barons. In 1905 General Tinn
was a member of the Army Board and transferred to study military science
and tactics under a Japanese officer who consented to become a Chinese
subject by arrangement with the late President Yuan Shih-kai, then Grand
Councillor, and expressed his willingness to build up a strong army for
China. General Tieh Liang, president of the Army Board, at the request
of Yuan Shih-kai, detailed ten junior officers to receive personal in-
structions from the Japanese and exempted them from attending the
Board, General Tinn was one of the ten junior officers. In 1906, General
Tinn was engaged by the Army Board as an adviser. In 1907 he was
invited by Li Ching-hsi, Viceroy of Yunnan and Kweichow, to be Chief of
the General Staff in the Viceroy's Yamen and he was also in command of
2,000 troops, /iln 1911, the revolution came, and though truly republican
at heart, General Tinn refused to revolt against the reigning dynasty on
the ground that every disciplined military man must be loyal to the
government he serves. He left Yunnan without baggage and money.
After several months of travelling he reached Shanghai at the height of
the revolution. His native place wanted him to help them in crushing the
Manchu government, and the Northern government wired to him for his
service iii the North. He responded to neither request. He said that he
could not take sides with the republican elements and fight the northern
generals who used to be his teachers and chiefe, nor could he help the
Manchus and fight his own people and his relatives. He remained
quietly at Shanghai during the revolution. After the revolution. General
Tinn went to Peking at the invitation of Yuan Shih-kai and was appoint-
ed Supervisor of the Ministry of War to look after the military education
of soldiers and officers. In 1914, he was appointed Councillor of the
Ministry of War. In 1917, he assisted Marshal Tuan in defeating the
monarchical movement of General Chang Hsun. Upon the appointment of
Marshal Tuan as Prime Minister after the restoration of the Republic, he
was made Chief of the Military Operations Department of the Ministry of
War. This post he held until January 1919. Later he was made a Major-
General and was given the Third Brigade of the Frontier Force to
command. At the end of 1919 he was appointed Chief of the Chinese
Government Aeronautic Bureau. In January 1920 he was awarded the
Fifth Order of Merit. In August 1920, after the fall of the Anfu govern-
ment, he was relieved of the Aeronautic post. In January 1921 he was
made a Lieutenant General and in February 1921 he was again appointed
Chief of the Government Aeronautic Bureau.
^
720
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General S. V. W. Ting
T -fc ig ^ R3 ^
(Ting Shih-yuan)
General S. Y. W. Ting was born at Wu-hsing Hsien, Chekiang province,
in 1897. In his youth he attended the St. John's College at Shanghai.
For a time he was engaged in the insurance business. Later through the
assistanco of a (Manchu Prince he entered the government service. Before
long he was made an important officer in the Chienmen Octroi, Pekingv
While serving as tax officer, he devoted his leisure time to the publica-
tion of a daily newspaper together with the son of an influential official.
One day Na Tung, former Grand Councillor in the Manchu regime, dis-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 721
covered that paper had been attacking him, and in the course of a cabinet
conference, proposed to have these two youngsters shot. General Ting's
royal patron hearing of this intention secretly passed a word to him, and
finally helped him to get away from Peking. After leaving the Chienmen
Octroi. General Ting went to England to study for a year or so. During
his sojurn abroad he was delegat3d to attend a Hague Conference where
he represented himself as Advocate-General. The Conference wired to
Peking for confirmation of his representation and Peking sent the con-
firmation desired. Subsequently he returned to China and gradually worked
his way up. He was Chief of the Law Department of the Board of War;
Advisor to the Board of the Interior; and Director of the Metropolitan
Police College. In January 1924 General Ting was appointed Superintendent
of the Customs of Hankow and concurrently Commissioner for Foreign
Affaiis of Hupei Province. These positions he held until July 1916. In
June 1917 he was given the Second Class Wenfu. Later he was ap-
pointed managing-director of the Peking-Suiyuan Railway. In December
1918 he was appointed the managing director of the Peking-Hankow
Railway. In February 1919 he received another concurrent position as
Chief of the Aviation Department. In April 1919 he was commissioned
to be associate director-general of the Lung- Yen Iron Mining Company.
In October 1919 he was .made a Lieutenant-Gfeneral. Toward the end of
1919 General Ting amalgamated the Peking-Hankow and the Peking-
Suiyuan Railways anl became their managing director. In January 1920
he was given the Fifth Order of Merit. Upon the collapse of the Anfu
forces, he fled and became a guest of the Imperial Japanese Legation,
Peking, from which he escaped on November 1922. During 1923-24 he
he was editing a daily paper in Tientsin which has been known to be an
organ of the Japanese interests.
^
722
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. T. Chinpin Tsai
^ IE ^ jtt ^
(Ts'ai Cheng)
Mr. T. Chinpin Tsai was born in Nan-An, Kiangsi Province, in 1892.
Ho studied at the Yu-Chang Methodist Preparatory School, Nanchang.
where he was awarded a scholarship as the best pupil for the year 1906-
1907. From 1907-1910 he attended Nanking University and the following
year was graduated from the Fuh Tan Middle School, Mr. Tsai then spent
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 723
a year touring Japan, returning in 1912 to study at Tsing Hua College,
from which he was graduated in 1915, after taking a leading part in
student activities such as oratorical contests, debates, and editing the
Tsing Hua weekly paper, the Tsinghuapper. During 1915-1916 Mr. Tsai
taught English and mathematics at Tsing Hua. Mr. Tsai went to America
in 1916 on a Tsing Hua scholarship, studying at Pomona College, Clare-
mont, California, where he was member of the Areopagus literary and
debating^ lociety and winner of the second prize in the Freshman oratorical
contest. In 1917 he entered Princeton University, where he was a member
of the Clio literary and debating society. iDuring ■ 1917-1918, he studied
eccnomics at College, from which he received an A. B. degree. The
following year he studied economics and business in Columbia University,
receiving an M. A. degree. Before returning to China in 1920, Mr. Tsai
was editor-in-tchief of the Chinese Students' Quarterly of th3 Chinese
Students' Alliance, and treasurer and president of the Tsing Hua .^.lumni
Association in America. He worked in the export department of the
Wah Chang Trading Corporation, New York City, durin.!]^ his last year in
America. Returning to China. Mr. Tsai became dean of the Business
School and professor of business science, Fuh Tan University, Shanghai,
where he remained for two years. He was lecturer on business principles
at the Shanghai Commercial College of National Southeastern University in
1921-1922, and also lecturer on banking and exchange in the Commercial
Department of the Chi Nan Institute, Shanghai, and instructor of business
English at the Kiangsu First Provincial Commercial School, Shanghai. In
1922, he went to Tsing Hua College, Peking, as teacher of economics and
business, and has been Alumni Secretary since 1923.
«£^
724
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Ts'ai Ch'eng-hsun
General Ts'ai Ch'eng-hsun was born at Tientsin, Chihli province, in
1873. He was graduated from the Peiyang Military Academy in 1899.
Subsequently he was appointed a deputy to the Metropolitan Banner
Troops. Concurrently he acted as teacher of the military school attached
to the troops. After a few years he was promoted to be a deputy director
of the Metropolitan Garrison forces. Later he became a proctor in the
headquarters of the Metro'politan Troops and staff-officer of the First
Imperial Division. Still later he was appointed assistant commander of
the troops stationed in the vicinity of Peking and afterwards staff officer
of the Training Headquarters. In 1911, before the First Revolution,
General Ts'ai was appointed commander of the 41st Brigade stationed
in Chekiang province. During the First Revolution, he was commissioned
to direct field operations against the Shansi revolutionary forces at Nang-
Tzu-Kuan on the Cheng-Tai Railway. Upon the establishment of the
Republic, Yuan Shih-kai appointed him an aid-de-camp of the President's Office
and also made him a Major-GeneraJ. In September 1913 he was appointed
Commander of the First Brigade of the First Division. In August 1914
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 725
he was promoted to be the Commander-in-Chief of the First Division and
made a Lieutenant General. During the subsequent two years, his troops
under his personal director were engaged in the suppression of banditry
at Dolonor and Suiyuan districts. In October 1916 he was awarded the
Second Class Chiaho. In July 1917 General Ts'ai was appointed Com-
mander of the 7th Unit of the forces engaged in the expeditionary
campaign against the southern opponents. In August 1917 he was made
Tutung of the Charhar Special Dstrict and also given the brevet of Full
General. In August 1919 he was awarded the First Class Wenfu; in
October 1919, the Second Class Tashou Chiaho, and in October 1920, the
Third Order of Merit. In the new-year of 1921 he was appointed Tuchun
and Civil Governor of Kansu province. But he did not proceed to this
post and was appointed Minister of War in May 1921. This post he held
until December 1921 when he was made a Chiangchun of the College of
Marshals with "Chi-Wei" as special title. In May 1922 General Ts'ai
was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the northern forces sent to defend
Kiangsi province against the invasion by Li Lieh-chun. In June 1922
he was ordered to assume control of the military forces in that province.
In September 1922 he was appointed Military Director (Tuchun) of
Kiangsi. In October 1922 he was given the Secoind Order of Merit. In
November 1923 he was made a Full General. In December 1923 he was
ordered to act as Civil Governor of Kiangsi concurrently.
^
726
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr, Char Kwang-ki
(Ts'ai Kuang-i)
Mr. Char Kwang-ki was born at Shanghai in 1889. From 1901 to
1908 he studied at the St. John's University, Shanghai. He was bhe
winner of the gold medal in an essay contest in 1907 and was editor of
St. John's Echo in 1908. With government support Mr. Char went to
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 727
America in 1908 and studied civil engineering at Cornell University where
he graduated in 1912 with the degree of C. E. He was elected to Siglna
Xi in April 1912 and was second vice-president of the Cosmopolitan Club
1911-12. Mr. Char returned to China in 1912. The first professional
position he held in China was that of assistant engiineer of the Pukow
Commercial Port during 1912 and 1913. He was professor of Civil
Engineering in St. John's University 1913-14; assistant engineer of the
Szechuan-Hankow Railway, I-Chang Section, 1914-1915; assistant engineer
of the Nanking-Hunan Railway, 1916; Secretary and Engineer of the
Chu-Ching Railway, 1917-1920. From May 1921 to January 1922 Mr.
Char was secretary to the Minister of Communciations, Peking. While in
that capacity, he was sent to Washington in the winter of 1921 as a
technical expert of the Chinese Delegation to the Pacific Conference. He
was given the Third Class Chiaho in June 1922. Since his leaving
Peking in 1922, he has been connected with the Shanghai Office of the
Chung Foo Union Banking Corporation.
^
728
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Admiral Tsai Ting-kan
(Ts'ai T'ing-kan)
Admiral Tsai Ting-kan was born at Hsiang-shan Hsien, Kuangtung
province, in 1861. He received his early education at a country school,
and afterwards studied at the Chinese Educational Mission School in
Shanghai from 1872-73, which was organized by Mr. Yung Wing, pioneer
of China's modern education. He was one of the students of the first
batch sent to America in 1873, as arranged by Mr. Yung Wing. Admiral
Tsai was assigned to Hartford Grammar School upon his first arrival.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 729
Later he was transferred to the New Britain High School. He returned
to China in 1881, together with the other students, in consequence of a
memorial, endorsed by Chin Lan-pin, the Chinese Minister at Washington,
complaining of the course of study pursued by these youths "as including
Latin and Greek and other unnecessary subjects; of the disrespectful
behavior of the boys when brought before their chiefs; of their deplor-
able lack of patriotism; of their forgetting their mother-tongue, and other
sins of omission and commission." Soon after his return to China, Admiral
Tsai Ting-kan joined the Torpedo School at Taku, where he stayed for
three years. Upsn his graduation he was made captain of a torpedo boat.
In 1892 he was promoted to be commodore of the Torpedo Fleet. This
Fleet played a very active part in the Gulf , of Chihli during the Stno-
Japanese War, 1894-5. In 1910 he was made a Rear-Admiral. In 1911 he
was appointed a Departmental Director of the Board of Navy under the
Ching government. In 1912 Admiral Tsai became a High Military Advisor
to President Yuan Shih-kai and was made a Vice-Admiral. In September
1913 he was appointed Co-Director of the Inspectorate General of the Salt
Administration. In May 1914 he received concurrently as Master of Cere-
mony in the Presidential Palace. When Yuan Shih-kai was President,
Admiral Tsai was his Chief Engl.'sh Secretary and he handled all foreign
matters for his chief . In 1906 he was awarded the Fourth Order of Merit
and also the Second Class Chiaho decoration. In December 1917 he was
appointed Associate Director of the Customs Administration which position
he is still holding. In January 1919 Admiral Tsai was commissioned to be
associate director of the office of the Repatriation of Enemy Subjects in
connection with the European War. In April 1919 he was appointed
vice-president of the Chinese Red Cross Society. In September 1919 he
received the First Class Tashou Chiaho and in January 1920 the First Class
Tashou Chiaho and in January 1920 the First Class Tashou Paokuang
Chiaho. In February 1922 he was commissioned to be Chairman of the
Tariff Revision Commission and was largely responsible for arranging
a new tariff for China that has been put into operation,. In Augaist 1922
he was again appointed Vice-President of the Chinese Red Cross Society.
In October 1922 he was awarded the Third Order of Merit. In May 1923
he became a member of the Commission for the Reorganization of the
Domestic and Foreign Debts. In June 1923 he was ordered to hold
concurrently the post of Assistant Chief of the Bureau for the preparation
of the New Customs Tariff Revision Conference to readjust the tariff
according to the understandings reached at the Washington Conference.
In April 1924 he was again appointed Peking vice-president of the Chinese
Red Cross Society. In September 1924 he was appointed Director General
of the Cantonse Administration. Admiral Tsai devotes his leisure time to
the translation of Chinese poems into English and made his name well
known through these translations at the St. Louis Exhibition in America.
He has been chairman of the American College Club for a number of years
and for a time was actively identified with a number of social activities
in the Capital.
730
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Jun-ke Choy
(Ts'ai Tseng-chi)
Mr. Jun-ke Choy was born in Honolulu in 1892. He studied at
McKinley High School from 1908 to 1911 after having graduated from
primary schools in the Hawaii Islands. In 1911 he returned to Kuangtung,
his native province, and was soon afterwards elected a member of the
Provincial Assembly. Finding politics uninteresting, Mr. Choy returned to
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 731
America in August of 1912 to pursue higher education. He studied
political science and international law at Columbia University New York,
as a Chinese government student. He received his degree of B. S.
from the University in 1915 after a study of three years. During his
residence in New York, Mr. Choy was elected president of the Columbia
Chinese Students' Club* in 1913. His interests were not only confined to
student activities, as he was also a member of the New York Artillery.
In June of 1915 Mr. Choy again returned to China. He was made a
member of the Liangkwang military Headquarters. The following year,
he was given the appointment of Director of Foreign Affairs of the milit-
ary government in Kwangtung. Shortly afterwards he resigned to take up
business. Mr. Choy has been a newspaper man for some time. During
his visit to Peking in 1915 he was appointed assistant editor of the "Peking
Post.'' It was at the time when Yuan Shih-kai was trying to make himself
Emperor of China. Mr. Choy resigned from the "Post" and left Peking
for the South, as he was against the monarchical movement. Subsequently
he became vice-president of the Industrial and Commercial Bank of Hong-
kong. In 191& he raised money for the establishment of branch offices of
the Bank at Hankow and Tientsin. He secured over fifty thousand dollars
worth of subscriptions to the total capitalization of the branch banks
-1^
^
732
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Tsai Yuan-pei
Mr. Tsai Yuan-pei was born at Shan-ying Hsien, Chekiang province,
in 1867. While studying as a youth Mr. Tsai spent much time on Chinese
literature and classics and became Licentiate in 1883, a provincial
graduate in 1889, Metropolitan graduate in 1890, Hani in Bachelor in 1892,
and Hanlin Compiler, second class in 1894. In 1890 Mr. Tsai became
Chief Historiographer of the Shanghai District, Chekiang and after the
Sino-Japanese war in 1894 began on translations of European books. In
1898 he organized a club in. Peking to study the Japanese language and that
year witnessed the Reform movement of Kang Yu-wei and Liang Chi-chiao.
Mr. Tsai from this period spent much time in instruction in various
government and private schools. In 1901 he founded the Ai-Kuo Girls
School at Shanghai of which later he became principal. At this time
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 733
educationalists in Shanghai organized the Chung-kuo Educational Associa-
tion and elected Mr. Tsai president. During 1902 Mr. Tsai became
interested in revolutionary propoganda and so arrested the attention of
the authorities he was asked to sever connections with the Ai-Kuo School
and the Chang-Kuo Educational Association, which he eventually did,
His friends urged him to study abroad and he later went to Germany.
Previous to his departure he studied in Tsingtao and there translated from
the Japanese version into Chinese "The Outline Philosophy" by a German
author. In October 1903, Mr. Tsai returned from Tsingtao and started a
daily paper called, Russia. For a long time he was connected with
this paper but later again became principal of the Ai-Kuo Girls School.
In 1915 he entered the revolutionary party organized by Dr. Sun Yat-sen
and subsequently introduced the elements in Shanghai and acted as secret
agent. Having found his revolutionary work unsuccessful, Mr. Tsai returned
to his native district and again entered educational work. In 1907 Mx.
Tsai went to Germany and while there enrolled in Leipzig University.
While there he took courses in Practical Psychology and Esthetics. He
attended the Practical Psychology Research Institute and also the Institute
for the Research of the History of World Civilization. Besides he compiled
a series of text books for middle schools on ethics, wrote "The History
of Chinese Ethics," and translated several German books into Chinese.
He returned to China in 1911 when the First Revolution broke out and
was appointed by the Nanking Provisional government the Minister of
Education. Later when Dr. Sun resigned from the Provisional presidency
in Nanking, Yuan Shih-kai was elected to fill his place, and in 1913 when
Yuan Shih-kai was President of the government in Peking, he retained
Mr. Tsai as Minister of Education in Peking. Later he resigned and went
to study in Germany again and in 1913 took his family to France where he
studied French and assisted Li Shih-tseng and Wang Ching-wei in running
the Educational Institute for Chinese laborers and organizing the Sino-
French Educational Association. Following this he wrote the novel, The
Red Tower Dream, A Brief History of European Esthetics, and a series of
lectures for the Chinese Laborers School. In 1916, Mr. Tsai was appointed
Chancellor of the Peking Government University and assumed this position
in 1917 when he returned to China. Despite adverse criticism and diffi-
culties he encountered Mr. Tsai introduced a wonderful change in the life
of China's first seat of learning. In October 1922 Mr. Ts'ai was awarded
the First Class Paokuang Chiaho. In January 1923 he was appointed a
member of the Educational Sinking Funds Commission. On January 18, he
tendered his resignation from the Chancellorship as a protest against Peng
Yun-yen, the Minister of Education. Mr. Ts'ai in a manifesto denounced
the Minister of Education for having interfered with the Judiciary. On the
same day he left Peking. In the summer of 1923 Mr. Ts'ai went to France
to continue his study.
734
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Tsao Ju-lin
Mr. Ts'ao Ju-lin was born at Shanghai in 1875. In 1898 he passed
a competitive examination and was sent by the government to Japan
to pursue a higher education. Upon his arrival at the Island Empire, he
learned the rudiments of the Japanese language, after which he entered the
the Imperial University in Tokio. For several years he studied law in that
well-known institution of learning, and upon his graduation he returned
to. China in 1904. Then the government was holding an examination of all
the returned students from Europe, America and Japan. This examination
was taken by Mr. Tsao, and successfully passed. He was awarded the degree
of Doctor of Law, and at once appointed a junior secretary of the Board
of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce. At the same time he was a lee-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 735
turer on law in the Peking Imperial University which was just founded.
In 1905 he was transferred to be Junior Secretary of the Board of Foreign
Affairs. He participated in all Chinese-Japanese negotiations in 1905 in
consequence of the Russo-Japanese War. While in the Foreign Office, he
was concurrently a member of the bureau for the drafting of a constitu-
tion for the country. His promotion was very rapid, from junior secretary
then senior secretary, then Ck)uncillor, then junior Vice-president of the
Board. During the First Revolution, 1911, he retained the latter mentioned
post under Yuan Shih-kai's Cabinet. In 1912 Mr. Ts'ao became Yuan Shih-
kai's pergonal advisor and also practised law in Peking occupying a prom-
inent place in that profession. When the First Parliament was convoked
in April 1913, he was a member of the Senate, representing Mongolia.
In the meantime, the relation between China and Japan was becoming
critical. President Y-uan desiring the service of Mr. Ts'ao in handling
Sino-Japanese affairs, appointed him in August 1913 to be Vice-Minister
of Foreign Affairs. He assisted President Yuan in the negotiations with
Japan over the Twenty-One Demands issue in 1915. In April 1916 he
was appointed Minister of Communications and in May 1916 he was ordered
to hold concurrently the portfolio of Foreign Affairs. At the end of June
1916, shortly after the death of Yuan Shih-kai, he resigned from the two
posts and retired. After the collapse of Chang Hsun's movement to re-
. store the Manchu House in July 1917, Mr. Ts'ao was appointed Minister of
Communications, which ipost he held until May 1919 through many changes
of premiers. At the same time he was President of the Bank of
Communicatons. He was concurrently Acting Minister of Finance from
March 1918 to January 1919. Hfe had a share in all loan transactions with
Japanese financiers through Mr. Nishihara in 1918 and therefore, has been
considered a leading pro-Japanese official. He resigned from all the
government positions in May 1919 as a result of students activities against
him for his pro-Japanese attitude. Mr. Ts'ao was awarded the Third
Order of Merit in January 1920. In January 1922 he was appointed High
Industrial Commissioner which post, however, he only held until June 1922
when he was proscribed in connection with alleged compilations in making
foreign loans while a cabinet minister. During the past few years, he has
been interesting himself in mining enterprises although his influence in
political affairs is still felt.
736
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Marshal Tsao Kun
W ^ * ^t 351
Marshal Tsao Kun was born at Tientsin. Chihli province, in 1862. At
the age of twenty, he enlished himself in the Army and became a
common soldier. On account of his good conduct and commanding person-
ality, which he displayed during the few years in the camp. Marshal Tsao
was sent to the Military Academy of Tientsin by the Commanding Officer
of the Army. In 1890 he graduated from the Academy and was at once
engaged to be a teacher of the same institution. During the Sino-Japanese
War, 1894-1895, Marshal Tsao was in the front and personally engaged in
the Yalu Battle. After this War, Yuan Shih-kai trained a modern army at
Hsiao Chan. Marshal Tsao was first appointed a Director of the Hsiao-
Chan Field training school and later given command of a Parge company
of troops. After the Boxer Trouble in 1990, General Tieh Liang, a famous
Manchu military man, invited Marshal Tsao to iassist him in the training
of new troops at Paotingfu. In 1901 he became Commander of a Regiment
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
737
of the newly trained army and in 1902 Commander of a Brigade. Subse-
quently he was made a Full General. In 1903 Marshal Tsao became
Commander-in-Chief of the Third Division of the Imperial A.rmy and was
sent to Mukden with the 10,000 soldiers in his command. In 1905 the
Third Division was transferred to Kirin Province. In August 1911 the
Third Division was moved down to Lanchow inside Shanhaikuan to
participate in a 'grand manoeuver scheduled to take place on October 13.
On October 10 the first revolution broke out at Wuchang. The manoeuver
was given up. In November 1911 the Imperial Ching House appointed
Yuan Shih-kai the Prime Minister. Upon his coming to Peking, Yuan
Shih-kai made Marshal Tsao's troops responsible of maintaining peace and
order of the Metropolitan District. In 1912 President Yuan Shih-kai
appointed Marshal Tsao Commander-in-Chief of the Third Division of the
National Army. In the first few years of the Republic Marshal Tsao's
Third Division was charged with the duty of protecting the Metropolitan
Area. In the late part of 1915 Yuan Shih-kai launched his monarchical
movement. As a precautious measure he despatched the Third Division to
Hunan to watch the movement of the military leaders of the Yangtze
Provinces. In October 1915 Marshal Tsao was made a Chiangchun with
"Hu Wei" as the special title. On December 25, 1915, the Yunnan Revolt
broke out. In January 1916 Marshal Tsao Kun was ordered to proceed
with his troops westward to chastise the revolt. His troops came into
actual encounter with the Republican Forces but both sides were strong
enough to hold their positions till the death of Yuan Shih-kai on June 6,
1916. In June 1916, after the death of Yuan, Marshal Tsao was appointed
Deputy Military Commissioner of Szechuan but this post he did not take
up. He returned to Chihli in September 1916 when he was appointed
Tuchun of that province. Ill October 1916 he was given the Second
Order of Merit. In July 1517 Chang Hsun attempted to restore the Manchu
Emperor. Marshal Tuan Chi-jui stood out against the restoration, making
himself Commander-in-Chief of the Republican Forces and Marshal Tsao
Kun Commander of the West Wing. At this juncture, Marshal Tsao was
ordered to be concurrently Civil Governor of Chihli. After the overthrow
of the restoration, Tuan Chi-jui came to power again. But the southern
leaders who had mobilized to oust Chang Hsun distrusted Marshal Tuan.
One after another the southern and south-western provinces declared in-
dependence of Peking, formed a new government at Canton and planned
to send an expedition to conquer the north. In December 1917 Hupei
and Hunan were endangered with several parts having been taken by the
southern troops. Chihli troops received orders of mobilization to relieve
the expedition. In June 1918 Marshal Tsao was appointed the Special Commis-
sioner of Szechuan, Kuangtung Hunan and Kiangsi. Although Marshal
Tsao did not have to go to the south personally, his troops were on account
of that appointment detained in Hunan and Hupei. In September 1918
the New Parliament elected Hsu Shih-chang President of China. In
November President Hsu called a Tuchun Conference in Peking at which
both Marshal Tsao and Marshal Chang Tso-lin attended. He was also
awarded the First Order of Merit. In March 1920 the withdrawal
of the Chihli troops commenced against the wish of Peking. On
738 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
July 3, 1920 Marshals Tsao Kun, Chang Tso-lin and Wang Chan-yuan,
three High Inspecting Commissioners, sent a joint telegram to Peking
denouncing the action of General Hsu Shu-tseng, the real head of the
Anfu Faction who was then Commander-in-Chief of the Frontier Defence
Force. Three days later, General Hsu mobilized the Frontier Defence
Troops in the direction of Paotingfu declaring to fight the Chihli Troops.
Another three days later President Hsu Shi-chang acting upon the petition
of the College of Marshals dismissed Marshal Tsao and General Wu from
official posts. On Ju,ly 12, 1920, Marshal Tsao with the promised support
of Marshal Chang Tso-lin accepted the challenge of the Anfu Leader in a
circular telegram ordering mobilization of his forces. The next day saw
the coming of Chang's troops into Shanhaikuan. The actual encounter
commenced on July 14, 1920. Three days later the Anfu forces collapsed
and Chihli won the war. On July 26th, 1920 President Hsu cancelled the
order of the dismissal of Marshal Tsao and GeneralWu. On August 14th,
Marshal Tsao accompanied by Marshal Chang visited in Pekng where he
remained until September 4. On August 20, Marshal Tsao was relieved
of the High Commissionership of Szechuan, Kuangtung, Hunan and Kiangsi,
and was appointed High Inspecting Commissioner of Chihli, Shantung and
Honan. Following the Anfu-Chihli War, the Chihli influences extended
over many provinces. Marslial Tsao took General Wu Pei-fu into strong
confidence. In consequence the hatred of the discontented factions and
the Fengtien Warlord gradually centered on Wu Pei-fu who was becoming
more outspoken and more serious with the political issues. During 1921
when the feeling between Wu Pei-fu and the opposition parties was be-
coming worse every day. Marshal Tsao tried his best to remove the
understanding as indicated by the fact that he held altogether four con-
ferences with the leaders of the other factions, in April, M^y, Nbvember
and December respectively. The December conference was held at the
time of Chang Tso-lin's visit in Peking. The sole purpose of Chang's
visit was to adjust matters to his own satisfaction and the result of it was
the installation of the Liang Shih-i Cabinet. General Wu Pei-fu was much
against this new Cabinet. Following the war between the Chihli Fengtien
parties Marshal Tsao demanded of the Peking government to reconvoke the
First Parliament. On June 2, 1922 he took the lead in a telegram asking
President Hsu Shih-chang to retire in favor of General Li Yuan-hang.
President Li Yuan-hung entered Peking on June 11, 1922 and resumed his
office. On June 13, he reconvoked the Parliament by' a Mandate cancelling
the Dissolution Order which he himself issued in 1917. The Parliament reas-
sembled in Peking on August 1, 1922. On October 5, 1923 Marshal Tsao Kun
was elected President of the Republic by the First Parliament with 480 votes
out of a house of 590. On the October 10, 1923, the National Anniversary Day,
Marshal Tsao came to Peking and assumed t^ Office of Presidency. As a
result of the defeat of Marshal Wu Pei-fu an(|*^^e Chihli party in the Civil
War which began in September 1924, President Tsao Kun and his Cabinet
were deposed and for several months was detained in Peking, upon the
order of the Provisional government, supported by Marshal Chang Tso-lin
and Feng Yu-hsiang.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
739
General Ts'ao Ying
General Ts'ao Ying was born at Tientsin, in 1873. He is a brother
of Marshal Ts'ao Kun. He studied at the Military Academy, Tientsin, and
became a teacher after graduation. In 1907 he was awarded the rank of
magistrate and subsequently he went to Mukden and joined the General
Staff Office of the Manchuria Viceroy as a non-commissioned officer. He
was later detailed to make an investigation of the boundary question in
Manchuli and Siberia. Upon the completion of this mission, he was promoted
to be the first class member of the transportation department and con-
currently a member of the second bureau for the compilation of military
maps. In 1909 he became an advisor to the Intelligence Bureau in Man-
churia. In 1910 he was transferred to the Military Survey School as sub-
director. Shortly afterwards he was promoted to be superintendent and
740 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
acting director of the same school. In 1912 General Ts'ao was appointed
dean of the Military Survey School. In 1913 he was transferred to the
Board of General Staff, Peking, to act as special intelligence officer. In
1915 he was appointed aide de camp to the General Officer commanding the
Precautionary Troops on the Yangtze River. In 1916 he became first class
Aide de camp to the headquarters of the troops in mobilization and con-
currently acted as advisor to the commiander. He was at the same time
made a colonel and given the brevet rank of Major General. In the late
part of 1916 he was transferred to the Tuchun Yamen of Chihli as chief
military advisor. In 1917 he was appointed Chief 'of the Staff of the
expeditionary force fighting for the overthrow of Chang Hsun's monarchical
attempt. Subsequently he became Commander of the Fourth Mixed
Brigade. In 1918 he was given the Fifth Order of Merit and was made a
Major General with the brevet rank of Lieutenant General. About the
same time he was appointed Garrison Commissioner of Shanhaikuan. In
March 1919 General Ts'ao was awarded the Second Class Chiaho. He-
took part in the overthrow of the Anfu government in the summer of 1920.
He was awarded the Second Class Tashou Chiaho in September and the
Fourth Order of Merit in October, 1920. Subsequently he was appointed
Commander-in-Chief of the 26th Army Division formed of the 4th and the
5th Mixed Brigades which had been in his command, and also made a
Lieutenant General. In February 1922 he was given the Second Class
Paokuang Chiaho. In September he was made a Chiiangchun with "Ping-
Wei" as special title. In March 1923 he was given the brevet rank of Full
General and also awarded the First Class Wenfu decoration. In Novem-
ber 1923 he was made a Full General. In January 1924 he was appointed
Director-General of Forestry Development at Jehol, still in command of
the 26th Division .
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
741
Mr. Y. S. Tsao
(Ts'ao Yun-hsiang)
Mr. Y. S. Tsao was born at Nanziang, Kiangsu province, in 1881.
He studied at St. J-ohn's University, Shanghai, graduating in 1900.
He was assistant instructor in the University, 1900-3; Dean ,of Fu
Yang Middle School, Changchow, 1904-5; Ih-Cu Middle School, Ningpo.
1905-7; editor of the Nan-Fang- Pao, Shanghai 1906. In September 1907
he was sent to the United States on government support and began his-
studies in liberal arts at Yale University. In 1911 he received the degree
of A. B. His college life was full of interesting incidents.; He elected to
the Yale Debating Association in 1909-11, awarded first prize for the best
oration in the Sophomore Lincoln Oratorical Contest in February 1909, in
742 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
the Junior Exhibition Oratorical Contest in 1910 and in the De Forest
Oratorical Contest in 1911. Besides his oratorical activities, he was also
chairman of the Yale Cogmopolitan Club in 1909-11, president of the Chinese
Students' Club 1910-11, member of the class debating team in 1910-11 and
editor in chief of the Chinese Students Monthly, the organ of the Chinese
students in North America. Mr. Tsao was married in 1914 and immediately
plunged into official life when he was appointed second secretary of the
Chinese Legation in London, which post he held until March 1919. In
1917, he was given the post of officiating Consul-General for China at
London. During his London sojourn, he was elected a member of the China
Society, honorary member of the British Foreign Bible Society, and honor-
ary foreign correspondent of the Royal Society of Literature. In the
Summer of 1919, Mr. Tsao returned to China for the first time in 12 years.
He wasted no time in organizing the Western Returned Students' Union,
traveling throughout the Republic to link together the local organizations
to form a 'national federation. His efforts were successful and in August
the Union was formally organized with Mr. Tsao as its first general secret-
ary. In November 1919 he was appointed First Secretary of the Chinese
Legation in Copenhagen. In January 1921 he was awarded the Third
Class Chiaho Decoration. In July 1921 Mr. Tsao was recalled by the
Peking government from Copenhagen. In August 1921 he was appointed
Councillor of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In October 1921 he was
detailed to be Deputy Chief Secretary of the Chinese Delegation to the
Washington Conference. In March 1922 he was made a director of
Tsinghua College. In May 1922 he received the Third Class Paokuang
Chiaho. In October 1922 he was appointed Acting President of the Tsinghua
College. Later this position was substantiated to him.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
743
General Ts'en Ch'un-hsuan
^ #*t^g PS
General Ts'en Ch'un-hauan was born at Hai-ling Hsien, Kuangsi pro-
vince, in 1859. He is the eldest son of Ts'en Yu-yin, famous viceroy of
Ching Dynasty. After having received education from regular Confucian
schools, he entered official life through the influence of his father. In
June 1892 he was appointed Sub-Director of Court of Imperial Entertain-
ments; in 1893, Sub-Director of Court of Imperial Study; and in 1898,
Lieutenant Governor of Kuangtung Province. Later he was transferred
to be Lieutenant Governor of Kansu. In September 1900, General Ts'en
was promoted to be Governor of Shensi. In April 1901 he was transferred
to Shansi, where he also functioned as Governor for one year. In January
1902 he was awarded the Yellow Jacket, the highest honor which the Im-
perial Family had in its power to confer, on account of the protection!
744 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
which he accorded to the Empress Dowager, who fled to Sheii«i from
Peking during the Boxer rising. In May 190:i, General Tsen was made
Governor of Kwangtung. In October 1902 he was promoted to be Acting
Viceroy of Szechuan, which position he held until May 1903. In November
1903 he was appointed Acting Viceroy of Lang-Kuang (or Kuangtung and
Kuangsi). In September 1906, General Ts'en was appointed Viceroy of
Yunnan annd Kweichow, but he did not proceed to assume office on account
of a difference of political views with the ruling authorities. In March
1907, he was appointed Viceroy of Szechuan. Likewise he did not take up
this office. On May 3, 1907, he was appointed President of the Board of
Communications. In the same month he was, however, re-appointed Viceroy
of Kwangtung and Kwangsi. He resigned this office on account of "ill-
health" on August 12, 1907. In September 1911, General Ts'en was ordered
to proceed to Szechuan to suppress the railway agitation in that prov;ince
in cooperation with the Viceroy Chao Erh-feng. Before he lefl Hankow
the Revolution of 1911, which resulted in the establishment of the Republic
had broken out. On October 14, General Ts'en was appointed Viceroy of
Szechuan to cope with the situation, but he did not accept the appoint-
ment. Later he was appointed Commissioner of Pacification for Fukien.
In February 1913, he was appointed Director-General of the Hukuang
Railways, which position he resigned on June 17. The then Pres-
ident Yuan Shih-fcai, ordered his arrest on account of his alleged
complicity in the rebellion during the summer of 1913. He fled to the
South Sea Islands remainingi their as a political refugee for some time.
General Ts'en was one of the leaders of the revolt against Yuan Shih-kai's
monarchical plan which was launched in 1915. In May 1916, a month before
the death of Yuan, the Kuangtung and Kuangsi forces organized their
headquarters at Shao-ching, Kunagtung, to direct operations against
Yuan's forces. General Ts'en was elected the Commander-in-Chief of the
allied forces. After the overthrow of Yuan Shih-kai's Administration,
the First Parliament was convoked and General Ts'en retired to private
life. In June 1917 the First Parliament was again dissolved. In July
occurred the Restoration of the Manchu Throne by Chang Hsun. General
Ts'en was appointed by the Boy Emperor the President of the House of
Peers, but he remained indifferent to this appointment. After the overthrow
of this restoration, Marshal Tuan Chi-jui came to power again and refused
to reconvoke the Parliament whose members then went down to Canton
where he created the Extraordinary Parliament in August 1917 and elected
seven directors to form what was then known as the Military government
in May 1918. They were Tang Shao-i, Tang Chi-yao, Wu Ting-fang, Ling
Pao-hsi, Lu Yung-ting and General Ts'en. In August 1918 General Ts'en
became the presiding director of the military government. In May 1920 the
Kuangtung faction headed by Sun Yat-sen was ousted by the Kuangsi faction
headed by General Lu Yung-ting and the Cheng Hsueh-Hui Party, headed by
General Ts'en. In October 1920 the Kuangtung faction returned to Canton
again as the result of which General Ts'en and his associates had to leave
for Shanghai where he has been living in retirement since that time. In
October 1922, the Peking government awarded upon him the First Class
Tashou Paokuang Chiaho Decoraton.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
745
Mr. T K. Tseng
fi ^.m^ mm
(Tseng Tsung-chien)
Mr. T. K. Tseng was born at Ming-hou Esien, Fukien pj-ovince, in
1882. He graduated from Nanyang College, Shanghai, in 1901, where he
obtained the highest scholarship. After graduation, he was sent to
England as a government student in the same year. Upon arrival
in England he joined King's College where he stayed until 1907. He
went to Cambridge (Pembroke College) in 1907 where he was popu-
lar with the students and prominent in rowing circles. His special
746 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
subject of study was political economy. After his graduation he return-
ed to China and joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and remained
there until 1917. During the first revolution in 1911-12 Mr. Tseng was
secretary for foreign intercourse to Marshal Tuan Chi-jui, who was then
Commander-in-Chief at Hankow. In the second revolution he served in
the same capacity under General Tuan Chih-kuei in Kiukiang. In 1914 he
was appointed the Chinese Consul-General to Australia where he remained
until China declared war against Germany in 1917, when he returned home
to offer his service to Marshal Tuan, and to arrange for the dispatch of
Chinese soldiers to Europe. Upon his return to Peking, he found to his
great disappointment that it was impossible to dispatch Chinese troops to
Europe. In November 1917 Mr. Tseng was appointed Commissioner for
Foreign Affairs at Shanghai. But owing to political reasons he did not
proceed to assume office. Ip December 1917 he was appointed Salt Com-
missioner in Kirin and Heilungkiang, this position he held until Dtecember
1919. In 1918 he accompanied General Hsu Shu-tseng to Japan to attend
the Japanese Grand Manoeuvres in the capacity of Chief Secretary. Since
then his name was always mentioned when ever the government tried to find
a suitable person to be Chinese Minister to Tokyo. In April 1919 he was
given the Second Class Wienfu and in October 1919 the Second Clasf^
Tashou Chiaho. In December 1919 when he had just been relieved of , the
Salt Commissioner post, he was appointed Director of the Cadastral Ad-
ministration, Peking. This post he held until August 1920 when the Anfu
Ministry had collapsed.
oe
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
741
Mr. Tseng Yu-tsun.
Mr. Tseng Yu-tsun was born at Ming-hou Hsien, Fukien province, in
1879. He became a Provincial Graduate in 1898. Subsequently he held a
series of official posts in different districts and prefects in Chihli province
such as Magistrate Prefect and Expectant Taotai. Afterwards he was
transferred to Peking and worked in the Board of Post and Communica-
tions in various capacities. In 1924 he served as Director of Military
Supplies and Chief of the Salt Revenue Bureau in Kalgan. Later he
was appointed Secretary to the Cabinet. In 1916 he became manag-
ing director of the Peking-Hankow Railway. A year later he resig-
ned from this post on account of ill health. In 1918 Mr. Tseng
was elected a member of the Senaite of the New Parliament. 1ji
October 1918 he was appointed Vice-Minister of Communications and
concurrently to be Director- General of the Chinese government railways.
In May of 1919 he was appointed to be Director-General of the Hankow-
MS WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Canton- Szech wan Railways, which office was a concurrent one. A month
after the resignation of Mr. Tsao Jui-lin from the Ministry of Communica-
tions, in June 1919, -Mr. Tseng was app.ointed Acting Minister of Com-
munications. In December 1919 he was appointed Minister of Communications.
In January 1920 he was awarded the Fourth Order of Merit. Later he was
given both the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho and the Second Class
Wenfu. In July 1920 he was removed from the Ministership and was
subsequently ordered to be apprehended and deprived of all honors and
decorations because the Anfu Ministry had fallen. He was a ''guest" in
the Japanese Legation until October 1, 1922 when he escaped in company
with Messrs. Wang Chih-lung and Liang Hung-chih. In 1923 he was
given his freedom by a Mandate.
i^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
749
Mr. Tsou Ping-wen
m m oc
Mr. Ping-wen Tsou, a native of Soochow, was born in Canton ou
October 26. 1892, where he obtained his early training. In 1907, he went
to Peking and was enrolled as a student in Hwei-wen University and in
1910, he began to study abroad in Cook Academy, Montour Palls, N. Y.
The next year he studied mechanics in Cornell Univiersity but not long
after this he determined to specialize in agriculture in the same institu-
tion. After graduation, which took place in 1915, he further studied
in the graduate school paying special attention to plant pathology. The
next summer he came back to China and was invited by the University of
Nanking to teach plant pathology. His success attracted the president of
750 WHO^S WHO IN CHINA
the National Teachers' College in Nanking, who urged him to be the head
of the Department of Agriculture of this college. In 1921 when the
Teachers' College was reorganized into the S;)utheastern University, this
Department became the College of Agriculture and Mr. Tsou was appointed
Dean. In the same year he was elected the Chief Manager of the Joint
Administration for Kiangsu Education and Industry. The next year he
called the National Agricultural Convention at Tsinan. About 270 agri-
cultural men from various parts of China were present at the meeting to
devise means for agricultural improvement and to solve important agri-
cultural problems. During the meeting Mr. Tsou held the chair and, when
the meeting was over, he was elected the chairman of the executive com-
mittee. In addition to the important positions mentioned above, Mr. Tsou
is now holding the following offices: chief manager of the Chinese
Agricultural Society, member of the National Association for the Advance-,
ment of Chinese Education and the vice-chairman of the Committee of
Vocational Education of the said Association, member of the National
A^§lsociation Education of China and chairman of the Committee of
Agriculture of the same Association, member of the Provincial Agricultural
Society, of Kiangsu and of its Legislative Department, member of the
Science Association of China, member of the Chinese World Student
Association, and member of the Plant Pathology Club of the United States.
Mr. Tsou is also a noted agricultural writer. His two books, "Agricultural
Problems in China" and "Text-book of Higher Botany" were published in
Chinese by the Commercial Press, Ltd. Other writings on Chinese
agriculture and agricultural education are found in the following publica-
tions: Agricultural Science, New Education, Vocational Education, China
Weekly Review, China Press, etc.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
751
Mr. Tii Ch'un
*t M ^ ^ ^
Mr. Tu Ch'un was born at Pan-yu Hsien, Kuangtung province, in
1886. Shortly after leaving school, Mr. Tu was called to official life and
under the Manchu regime, received his first important appointment as
Special Commissioner for the preparation and arrangement of the Nan-
yang Industrial Exposition. Following the establishment of the Republic
in 1911 Mr. Tu became chief secretary in the yamen of the Commissioner
of Defense for Shanghai and Sungkiang, a post which was later changed
to that of Military Governor of Shanghai and Sungkiang. He served in this
752 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
post under three governors. In August 1919 he was awarded the Second
Class Chiaho. In June 1920 the Peking government appointed Mr. Tu to
the post of Customs Superintendent of Hangchow. In December 1920 he
received the Third Class Paokuang Chiaho. While in Chekiang he was
for some time Commissioner of Finance concurrently. In Maixh 1922 he
was appointed Salt Transportation Commissioner of Chekiang. In Septem-
ber 1922 he was awarded the Second Class Ta«hou Chiaho. He is chairman
of the Chekiang Flood Relief ('ommission and is Director of the Hangchow
branch of the Chinese-Foreign Famine Relief Committee. His activities
are devoted not only to Hangchow and the province of Chekiang, but
Shanghai, Peking and Canton organizations also have his assistance. He
holds many other decorations, including a special medal of merit for
benevolence from the Peking government and the highest medal of honor
from the Red Gross Society of China.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
753
Admiral Tu Hsi-kuei
*fc !§, ^ ^ m 3^
Admiral Tu Hsi-kuei was born at Foochow, Fukien province, in 1875.
He was graduated from the Naval College, Nanking with the highest honors
in 1902. Subsequently he was given the rank of sub-lieutenant on board
the cruiser Hai Chi. Sixteen months later he was promoted to the rank of
junior lieutenant. After holding the ranks of navigating lieutenant and
gunnery lieutenant for a short time he was appointed commander of the
torpedo boat Chien Tze, and five months later acted as commander of the
cruiser Kien An. In this capacity he directed the survey of the Port of
Lungkou. He was appointed to the rank of full commander and was posted
at Chefoo in charge of the marine corps, later being posted to the Kiang
Ting, and Hai Yung respectively. Upon the establishment of the Republic,
Admiral Tu was still in charge of the Haitung, China's largest cruiser.'
He was ordered to act concurrently as director of defences in Fukien. In
1915 the Chinese government appointed him commander of the training
754 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
cruiser Chao Ho. From there he was transferred to the Hai Yung. In
1917 he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Second Squardron. In
January 1920 he was awarded the Second Class Tashou Chiaho. In
August 1921 he received the Fourth Order of Merit. In October 1921 he
was made a Rear- Admiral. In January 1922 he was awarded ' the First
Class Wenfu, In June 1922 he became Commander-in-chief of the Chinese
Navy. During the Chihli-Fengtien War in 1922 he played an important
part which w^as partly responsible for the Chihli Party. In October 1922
he was awarded the First Class Tashou Chiaho. In the sp'ring of 1923
the Shanghai Section of the Chinese Navy declared independence of tho
Peking government. As a result of it Admiral Tii tendered his resigna-
tion. In October 1923 he was made a Chiangchun with "Ying-Wei" as
special title. In November 1923 he was again appointed Commander-in-
Chief of Chinese Navy. In March 1924 he was made an Admiral. In Sep-
tember 1924 he was appointed to command the fleet to participate in the,
Punitive Expedition waged by the Peking government against Marshal
Cliang Tso-lin.
v^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
/7 ^ •"
Mr. Tu Cho-hsuan
(Tu Tso-hsuan)
Mr. Tu Cho-hsuan was born at En Hsien, Shantung province in 1883.
He is a Catholic. He attended the North China Christian Union College
at Pei Tungchow for eight years. After graduation he was on the faculty
for three years (between 1905 and 1907) at the same college, teaching
history and mathematics. In 1908 he joined the Reform Society, organized
by Mr. Thwing, and remained with it for four years. The work for the
Reform Society prepared him to be a iournal'st. The society carried on
an anti-opium, and anti-liquor campaign under the able direction of Mr.
Thwing, and Mr. Tu was entrusted with the task of preparing propaganda
articles for the press. Mr. Thwing and Mr. Tu went to Kwangtung,
Kwangsi, Fukien, Yunnan and Kweichow to investigate the poppy condi-
tions, and many pamphlets were published by them jointly. In 1912 he
756 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
joined the Ta Kung Pao of Tientsin ^as editor. During his connection,
that paper was most prosperous commercially. Realizing that he could not
advocate his policy in a paper owned by others, he started the (Social
Welfare) Yi Shih Pao in 1916 with the cooperation of a few friends whose
ideas on politics and other public affairs were similar to his. Four months
later he established the Peking Yi Shih Pao. Today the Tientsin Yi Shih
Pao has a daily circulation of 15,000 and the Peking Yi Shih Pao prints
14,000 copies. They are the largest papers in the two cities and wield
considerable influence locally. Acting manager of the Peking Yi Shih Pao,
Mr. Tu also retains a control over the Tientsin paper. During the Anfu
time, his paper at Peking was closed by the authorities, and he had to flee
to the Legation Quarters for safety where he stayed for more than two
months. During the fight for supremacy between Chihli and Anfu forces in
the summer of 1920, he was being closely watched by the Anfu detectives
and his life wa& in constant danger.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
757
Mr. T. W. Tu.
(T'u Wei-Tseng)
T. W. Tu was born at Soochow, Kiangsu, in 1884. He studied at the
Anglo-Chinese School in his native place between 1897-8, at Nanyang Col-
lege, Shanghai, 1898-1905. In January of 1905 he went to America for
higher education as a government supported student. He studied civil
engineering at the University of California, 1905-7; railway engineering
at the University of Illinois, 1907-9. He received the degree of B. S. in
1909, and soon after his graduation, joined the Chicago and Alton Raitlway
as a transitman. In 1910 he was bridge detailer of the Chicago-North-
western Railway. In 1911 he was construction foreman of the Kansas; City
Terminal Railway. He returned to China in the winter, and became resident
758 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
engineer of the Shanghai -Hangchow-Ningpo Railway in charge of survey-
ing construction of a section fifty miles long. Before the completion of
the work the revolution at Wuchang broke out, and the work had to be
suspended. From February to July, 1912 Mr. Tu was instructor in railway
engineering ^of the Polytechnic Institute, Shanghai. He tauglit railway
construction, • bridge designing, graphic statistics, and mechanics. From
August 5, 1912 to January 1915, he was district engineer of the Kiukiang-
Nanchang Railway in charge of surveying and construction of a section
thirty miles long, designed and constructed: (1) a 60' span 200' bridge
with reinforced concrete cylinder foundation, and (2) a 10-span 100' bridge
with woodern crib caisson sunk through sand. From January 6, 191.5 to
January 1918 he was senior assistant engineer of the Canton-Hankow
Railway in charge of surveying and construction of a section fifteen miles
long, and at the same time wias in charge of all bridge erection work on
the district forty-five miles long. From April 1918 to April 1919, he was
resident member of the Commission on the Unification on Railway Technics
in the Ministry of Communications. He was in charge of drafting of
regulations on the duties governing maintenance of way employes, and
designing of road and bridge standards for Chinese Government Railways.
From April to August 1919, Mr. Tu was technical secretary to the Chinese
representative on the Inter-Allied Technical Board for the supervision of
the Chinese Eastern and Siberia Railways. At one time he acted as I'hinese
representative on the technical board for three months during the absence
of Dr. C. C. Wang. Between September 1919 and May 1920 he was Chinese
representative on the Inter- Allied Purchasing Committee at Vladivostok.
In June 1920 he resumed the position of Technical Secretary to the Chines?
Representative and is still holding the position. He is concurrently
acting as assistant chief of Maintenance of the Chinese Eastern Railway.
. Mr. Tu was one of the experts attached to the Chinese Delegation attending
the Washington Conference in the winter of 1921-22. He was given the
Third Class Chiaho Decoration in June 1922.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
759
Marshal Tuan Chi-jui.
760
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Marshal Tuan Chi-jui was born at He-fei Hsien, Anhui province, in
1864. He graduated from the Tientsin Military Academy in 1885. In 1889
he was sent to Germany where he worked for owe year in an arsenal and
also studied artillery science. Upon his return to China, he joined Yuan
Shih-kai's camp. In 1895 Yuan Shih-kai started to train modern troops at
Hsiao-Chan and gave one regiment of artillery units to Marshal Tuan to
command. At the same time he was Director of the Military College at
Hsiao-Chan. Marshal Tuan was retained by Yuan Shih-kai as a Senior
Training Officer of his army the Right Wu-Wei-Chun. He was concur-
rently Director of the several departments and training halls,. During the-
Boxer Trouble, when Yuan Shih-kai was Governor of Shantung command-
ing the Right Wu Wei Chun, Marshal Tuan rendered valuable service in
assisting him to prevent the Boxer Movements from spreading southward.
In 1901 Yuan Shih-kai succeeded Li Hung-chang as Viceroy of Chihli.
Beginning from 1902 Yuan Shih-kai devoted full energy to train modern
army divisions. At Paotingfu the training headquarters were established
consisting of three departments, the Ordnance, the Staffs and the Eduteation.
Marshal Tujan was Chief of the Staffs Department. In 1903 two divisions
were completely organized. In December that year Mershal Tu^an was pro-
moted to be Senior Commandant of the Training Headquarters and was
given the brevet rank of Lieutenant General, in 1904. Marshal Tuan
was ordered to be concurrently a Brigadier Commander of the third division.
In 1905 the Right Wu Wei Chun was reorganized to become the Fourth
Division of the Regular Army with Marshal Tuan as its Commander-in-Chief.
He was Chief Commander of the northern army participating in the First
maneuver held at Ho-Chien Fu, Chihli in the autumn of 1905. The London
Times paid a very high tribute to the participating units. In February
1906 Marshal Tuan was transferred to be Commander-in-Chief of the Third
Army Division holding concurrently the post of Director of the Peiyang
Military College. In March 1906 he was appointed Tsung-Ping (Brigade-
General) of T'ing Chow Chen, Fukien Province. In 1907 he became Dir-
ector-General of all the military colleges and also Deputy-Lieutenant
General of Chinese Units of the Bordered Yellow Banner Division. (Man-
chu Military Organization). Marshal Tuan was the Grand Jury of the
Imperial Examinations for military students returned from Japan, for three
times, namely, 1908, 1909 and 1901. In December 1909 he was appointed
Commander-in-Chief of the Sixth Army Division. In December 1910 he was
transferred to be the Provincial Commander-in-Chief (ti-Tu) of Kiang-per,
the most honored military position under the Ching government. Upon the
outbreak of the First Revolution in October 1911, Marshal Tuan was ap-
pointed Commander-in-Chief of the Second Army Corp to fight against the
revolutionary troops. Later, acting upon the instruction of Yuan Shih-kai,
then Prime Minister in Peking, Marshal Tuan took the lead in a telegram
requesting the Manchu Emperor to abdicate. It was dated January 26,
1912 and February 12, occurred the abdication. Dr. Sun Yat-sen re-
signed from the Provisional Presidency on the following day and on the
15th the Nanking Provisional Assembly elected Yuan Shih-kai to succeed
Dr. Sun. In March 1912 Marshal Tuan was appointed Minister of War and
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 761
in Septemher 1912 made a Full General. In October 1912 he was awarded
the Order of Merit, and also Second Class Chiaho Decoration. Shortly
afterwards he was given the First Class Chiaho. From May to July, 1913
he acted as Prime Minister. In October 1913, upon Vice-President Li
Yuan-hung coming to Peking, Marshal Tuan was appointed Tutu, Military
Governor, of Hupei, still holding the post of War. In February 1914 he
was transferred to be Tutu of Honan and in April 1914 he returned to
Peking resuming the War post. In June 1914 he was made Shang Chiang-
chun, Marshal, with the "Chien-Wei" as special title and simultaneously
appointed to hold concurrently the post of President of the College of
Marshals. In the spring of 1917, over the question of War Participation,
the President and then Prime Minister Tuan began to quarrel. On March
4th, after an interview with the President in which he requested the Chief
Executive to order the Chinese Ministers in Allied countries to negotiate
conditions of China's Participation with the respective governments and
the request was rejected by the President on the ground that it had to be
referred to the Parliament first, Marshal Tuan left for Tientsin. Vice-
President Feng Kuo-chang then personally called upon him at Tientsin as
a mediator. On March 6, Marshal Tuan returned to Peking, resuming his
duty. On May 19, the House of Representatives, which on the previous
day had been threatened by a large group of mobs demanding the adoption
of the Participation Bill, passed a resolution to defer the discussion of the
bill. On the same day the various Tuchuns, who were at Peking attending
the Military Conference called by Marshal Tuan, demanded the dissolution
of the Parliament. On May 21, they all left Peking in a body. On the
23rd President Li Yuan-hung dismissed Marshal Tuan from the Prime
Ministership. On 29th the Tuchuns declared independence of Peking es-
tablishing headquarters at Tientsin to oppose the Peking government. On
July 14, Marshal Tuan entered Peking, assuming the Prime Ministerships
Li Yuan-hung left the Japanese Legation resigning from the Presidency ; and
Feng Kuo-chang became Acting President. The following day the Marshal was
appointed.to the Minister of War as a concurrent post. On August 4, 1917
China declared war on Germany and Austro-Hungary. But in the meanfme the
southern leaders distrusting Marshal Tuan and supporting the dissolved
Parliament lined up against the north. On August 25, the Extraordinary
Parliament was inaugurated at Canton. It subsequently elected Dr. Sun
Yat-sen the Generalissimo of the Opposition government. Marshal Tuan
at once laid out plans to challenge the south. But his plans did not work.
In November 1917 he resigned from the Premiership and the War post. In
December 1917 Marshal Tuan was appointed Director-General of the War
Participation Bureau. In March 1918 he was reinstated as Prime Minister.
In April he visited the northern troops in Hupei which had recaptured
several important cities from the south. In the meantime his followers
organized the Anfu Club to run for the election of the New Parliament.
The new Legislature was convoked in August 1918 and it elected Hsu Shih-
chang President in September. About the same time the commanders of
the northern troops in the south started the peace movement, overruling
Marshal Tuan's "Unification by Force" policy. Therefore in October 1918,
762 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
he resigned from the Prime Ministership. In October Marshal Tuan in the
Military Conference in which practically all the northern leading militarists
attended. In this conference it was decided to end the civil strife, to
call an internal peace conference, and to maki3 a stand in the com'ing
World Peace Conference. In July 1919 the War Participation Bureau was
abolished and in its place a Frontier Defence Bureau was created with
Marshal Tuan still as Director- General. In September 1919 he was awarded
the Grand Order of Merit. In July 1920, after the overthrow of the
Anfu Club as the result of the Chihli-Anfu War, Marshal Tuan was relieved
of the Directorship of the Frontier Defence and also of the Presidency of
the College of Marshals. Late in 1924 following the defeat of the Chihli
faction by the Anfu-Fengtien party. Marshal Tuan was prevailed upon to
accept the Provisional presidency being assured of the support of Marshal
Chang Tso-lin and General Feng Yu-hsiang. One of the conditions which
Marshal Tuan made for his acceptancy to the position was the calling of
a National Reorganization Conference, which met in February 1925, in
Peking, for the purpose of reorganizing the government and bringing about
a 'reunification of the country.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
763
Mr. Hollington K. Tong
(Tuny Hsien-kuang)
Mr. Hollington K. Tong was born at Ningpo, Chekiang province, in
1887 from a humble family. He studied at the Lowrie High School.
Shanghai High School, and the Anglo-Chinese College, Shanghai. Before
graduating from the high school, he was compelled to leave school upon
the death of his father in order to support his mother and famjily. He
taught for one year in a high school in Ningpo and then joined the staff
764 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
of the Commerical Press at Shanghai where he was employed for two years.
In 1907, with borrowed money, he was enabled to go to the United States
to pursue a higher education. He attended Park College, a religious in-
stitution located near Kansas City for one year and in 1908 entered the
University of Missouri where he studied the liberal arts and also took
cources in journalism under the deanship of Dr. Walter Williams. Upon
graduation in 1911 from the University of Missouri where he received the
A. B. degree, he went to Columbia University, N. Y. where he took courses
in the post-graduate school. Upon completing this work he served for a
time on the reportorial staffs of the New York Times and the New York
Evening Post, and also served as an assistant editor on the New York
Independent. Mr. Tong returned to China in January 1912 and worked
first as assistant editor of the China Republican, published at Shanghai..
He then went to Peking and for a year acted as correspondent for a num-
ber of Chinese newspapers and one foreign paper in Shanghai, and served
as editor of the Peking Daily News during 1913-14. He was also English
Secretary of the Senats of the First Parliament during the same period of
time. In April 1914 he joined the National Oil Administration as an
English secretary. At the end of 1915 he was commissioned by the
government to go to America on a special mission. Upon his return to
China, after the death of Yuan Shih-kai, he rejoined the National Admin-
istration. In 1917 he accepted a position as travelling agent for the
Standard Oil Company, After a time he resigned from this position to
become the Peking correspondent of Millard's Review which is now known
as the China Weekly Review. In March 1918 he was appointed Deputy
Secretary of the Chihli River Commission, Tientsin which position he still
holds at the same time accepting the assistant editorship of the Review.
He is now contributing editor of the Review. Since 1919 Mr. Tong has
been Advisor to General Yang I-teh, Police Commissioner of Chihli and to
Mr. Chu Hsing-yuan, Commissioner of Foreign Affairs in Tientsin. In.
August 1920 he was appointed a Junior-Advisor of the Ministry of Com-
munications and in October 1920 he became an executive secretary of the
Railway Finance Commission. In October 1921 he was delegated by the
Peking government to represent China at the International Press Confer-
ence in Honolulu. In May 1922 he was appointed acting councillor of the
Ministry of Communications but he resigned from it in June 1922. In
February 1923 he was appointed Secretary to Admiral Y. L. Woo, Minister
of Communications. He was given the Third Class Chiaho in May 1923,
the Second Chiaho in July 1923, and the Second Class Tashou Paokuang
Chiaho in October 1923.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
765
Mr. Tung K'ang
Mr. Tung K'ang was born at Wu-chin Hsien, Kiangsu province, in
1869. He was brought up in a well known literary family of southern
China. He became a Metropolitan Graduate in 1889 when he was barely
twenty years of age. He began his official career as Junior Secretary of
the Board of Punishment. The other positions he held under the Ching
Regime were judge of the criminal department of the Supreme Court and
general secretary to the Law Codification Bureau. He distinguished him-
self in judicial administration. He directed the drafting of the criminal
law, civil law, commercial law, civil procedure, criminal procedure, etc.
which were provisional and effective for the time being. In the first year
of the Republic, Minister Tung travelled extensively in Japan. He returned
to China in the winter of 1913. In February 1914 he was appointed Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court which position he held until July 1918 when
he was appointed president of the Law Codification Bureau. He was Chief
Justice of the Prize Court from 1917 till the time when he resigned from
766 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
the Supreme Court. In November 1918 he was awarded the First Class
Wenfu. In July 1920 Mr, Tung was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court for the second time. But a month later he was appointed Acting
Minister of Justice. From May to December, 1921, he was Minister of
Justic. In December 1921 he returned to the Supreme Court again holding
concurrently the post of President of the High Judicial Service Punishment
Commission. In February 1922 he received another post as President of
the Commission for the Consolidation of Domestic and Foreign Debts. In
May 1922 he was appointed Acting Minister of Finance, holding concur-
rently the post of Director General of the Salt Administration, of the
Currency Bureau and of the Wine and Tobacco Administration. In August
1922 Mr. Tung was relieved from all the financial posts. Shortly afterwards
he left China on a touring trip to America and Europe to investigate
commercial and industrial conditions therein. During his absence, he was
appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in Septeml)er 1922, with Yu
Chi-chang to act for him; President of the High Judicial Service Court,
in October 1922 with Hu I-Ku to act for him. In February 1923 he was
officially relieved of these two appointment and was at the same time the
Vice-President of the Commission for the Discussion of Jurisprudence. In
October 1923 he was given the Second Order of Merit. In 1924 he returned
to China.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
7-67
Mr. George Wan
(Wan Chao-chih)
Mr. George Wan was born at Nanchang, Kiangsi province, in 1890,
He was a Pa Kung or Senior Licentiate under the Ching Dynasty educa-
tional system. Subsequently he entered the Peking Imperial University to
receive an education along modern lines, graduating in 1910. After
graduation Mr. Wan was appainted by the Imperial government a Chou
P'an or Second Class Assistant Department Magistrate in Kiangsu in which
province he held different positions until 1914 when he was called to
revise the Provisional Constitution as adopted by the Nanking Provisional
government in 1911-12, Mr. Wan was appointed first as Secretary and
later as Chief Secretary to the Council which adopted the New Provisional
Constitution in May 1914. Subsequently Mr. Wan went to America and
entered Johns Hopkins University from which he received the degree of
A. B. in 1916; M. A. in 1917; and LL.B. in 1919 from Harvard University.
768 WHO'S WEiO IN CHINA
Upon his return to China in 1919, Mr. Wan became Principal of the Pro-
vincial Middle School of Kiangtsi. Soon afterwards he went to Peking
and for the period 1919-1920 he served as Professor of International Law
and Political Science in Peking Government University. And at the same
time he taught history in the Peking High Normal College. From 1920
to 1921 Mr. Wan was Secretary to the Ministry of Communications'. In
February 1921 he was ordered by the Ministry of the Interior to take
charge of the Preparation Bureau for calling a conference to discuss
matters regarding local government. In April 1921 he was appointed
Executive Secretary to that Conference which was then called at Peking
and attended by delegates from the different Ministries and provinces.
Subsequently Mr. Wan was appointed Acting Secretary of the Ministry of
Justice. From September 1921 he held a concurrent position in the Law
Compilation Bureau in the Cabinet as an Acting Compiler. In September
1922 he left the Ministry of Justice and became a Compiler of the Law
Compilation Bureau. In December 1922 he became Secretary of the Cabinet
and later Acting Chief Secretary until June 1923 when he was appointed
Councillor of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs which position he is still
holding. He is also Advisor to the Central Salt Administration. Mr, Wan
was awarded the Second Class order of Wenfu and also Second Class
Chiaho in February 1923. His present address is 30 An Yuan Hutung, In-
side Shun Chih Men, Peking
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
769
Marshal Wang Chan-yuan
5 f*j 7C ^ q^ #
Marshal Wang Chan-yuan was born at Kuan Hsien, Shantung province,
in 1860. He was graduated in the first class of the Peiyang Military
Academy and .served in the Siano-Japanese War, 1894-95. Later he was
enggaged by Yuan Shih-kai to train the modern army at Hsiao Chan. He
was engaged by Yuan Shih-kai to traini a modern army at Hsiao Chan. He
started as a captain commanding Anhui troops. Subsequently he was
promotoU to be a colonel and then to Bridagier-General. Upon the out-
break of the First Revolution October 1911 Marshal Wang accompanied
Feng Kuo-chang to Wuchang when the latter was in command of the First
Imperial Army to .suppress the revolt. He was responsible for the recapture
of the city Hanying from the revolutionaries on November 27. 1911. Upon
770 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
the establishment of the Republic in 1911, he was appointed Commander-
in-Chief of the Second Army Division. In 1913 he was made a General
and was at the same time awiarded the Second Class Wenfu Decoration.
In October 1915 Marshal Wang was created a Chiangchun, or Member of
College of Marshals, with Chang Wei as special title. In December 1915
he was ordered to act as Chiangchun (Military Governor) of Hupei in
which province his Second Division had been hitherto stationing. In
January 1916 he was appointed Chiang-Chun of Hupei. In July 1917,
after the death of Yuan Shih-kai he was appointed Tuchun of the same
province, "Tuchun" being the new denomination of military governor. In
the same month he was ordered to hold concurrently the Civil Governorship
of Hupei. In October 1917 he was awarded the Second Order of Merit,
and in January 1920 the First Order of Merit. In June 1920 Marshal Wang
was appointed High Inspecting Commissioner of Hunan and Hupei. In
October 1920 he was made a Marshal with Chang Wei as special title. In
May 1921 he attended the Tuchun's Conference at Tientsin. Upon his re-
turn to Wuchang he was confronted with serious difficulties as a result of
the mutiny of portions of his forces at Wuchang and Ichang and was
therefore, officially relieved of his office in August 1921. Since that time,
he has been living in retirement at Tientsin.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
771
Mr. Henri Waung
(Wang Chao-ming)
Mr. Henri Waung was born at Canton in 188.5. His native province
is Chekiang. In his youth he studied in the Hsueh Hai Tang, a famous old
institute of learning, at Canton, and specialized in the study of the hi^ory
of China from which he imbibed the idea of racial independence. When
he was sixteen, Mr. Waung went to Japan and studied Political Science
and Sociology in Tokyo Law College where he later graduated. There he
received the idea of democracy. While Mr. Waung was in Japan, Dr. Sun
Yat-sen and the late Huang Hsing organized the Tung Ming Hui in Tokyo.
Mr. Waung attended the first conference of this organization and was
elected a member of the Executive Council, and later elected chairman.
At the same time he was engaged to be the editor of the Ming Pao, Tung
Ming Hui's organ. Through this paper he advocated "A Republic for
China" Doctrine. He personally paticipated in the uprisings of the
revolutionary forces at Kuangtung and Kuangsi led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen.-
b
772 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Subsequently Mr. Waung went to the South Sea Islands. To every Chinese
immigrant he met there, he preached the Revolutionary Doctrine. As a
result, large sums of money were collected from the Chinese as, voluntary
contributions toward the Revolut'onary Cause. In March 1911 Mr. Waung
smuggled himself to Peking where he worked in cooperation with several
friends in an attempt to assassinate the Prince Regent, Father of the
Boy Emperor Hsuan Tung. A big bomb with a time-fuse had been placed
under the brigade at the throne of the Regent's Palace. However, it was
discovered by a sentinel. The whole city of Peking was searched for the
guilty persons which resulted in the arrest of Mr. Waung and his ac-
complices. ,Mr. Waung' was triefi personally by Prince S'han Ch-'i, then
president of the Board of Civil Administration. During the trial a Ijng written
statement was found in his pocket entitled "Determination of Revolution." In
December 1911 a Peace Conference was held at Shanghai between the Re-
volutionary government's representatives headed by the late Dr. Wu Ting-
fang and the delegation of the Manchu House headed by Tang Sao-i. Mr.
Waung was of the Revolutionary representatives and was the author of the
articles for the Provision of Pensions for the defunct Ching Family. After the
establishment of the Republic in 1912, Mr. Waung was elected Tutuh of
Kuangtung. This he declined. He also refused to accept the offer by Yuan
Shih-kai of the post of Minister of Justice at Peking. His argument was
that after having spent several years in revolutionary work and in addi-
tion two years in prison, he was nearing intellectual starvation and
therefore in need of a few more years of study before he could be of any
service t o the country. Subsequently Mr. Waung went to France where
he studied Sociology and Literature. Upon leaving China he told his
friends that should the country face any crisis he would return immedi-
ately considering it to be a moral obligation to which he must respond.
While in France, Mr. Waung helped in the organization of the Learning
and Labor Society for Chinese, the Sino-Franco Educational Association,
and many magazines. While the Paris Conference was cdled in 1919, the
Canton Military government intended to appoint Mr. Waung as special
delegate to attend the Conference because he was the first man who had
advocated the participation in the European War by China. He declined
the offer on account of his determination never tD become an official.
However, he went to France unofficially and subsequantiy wrote a book
entitled "The World and China after the Paris Conference." Since 1920
Mr. Woung has been interesting himself in educational works. In the
capacity of the president of the Kuangtung Provincial E.lucational Associa-
tion, he introduced in the National Educational Conference a plan for the
reform of Chinese Eudcational System which was eventually adopted.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
773
Mr. Cheng-fu Wang
(Wang Cheng-fu)
Mr. Cheng-fu Wang was born at Ningpo, Chekiang province, in 1890.
He received his early education at the Tientsin Middle School, Preparatory
Department of the Peiyang University, Tientsin, and in the School of Eng-
ineering, Mining and Metallurgy of the Peiyang University. He was
awarded the title of Hanlin Scholar in 1910. Then he went to America
and studied at Columbia University, School of Mining, and in 1912 receiv-
ed the degree of M. A. Fr/om 1912 he continued in the same institutiio'n
working for the Doctor's degree until 1915 when illness forced him to
774 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
return to China. Upon his return Mr. Wang serve'l as secretary of the
Peking Y. M. C. A. for a year. During the time when Mr. Wang was
in America, he served as president of the Chinese Students' Christian
Association, the Chinese Students' Alliance, etc. In 1916, he was appointed
by the Board of Commerce and Agriculture, Chef f^ngineer for the Iron
Division of the Sino-Japanese Coal and Mining Company at Penhsihu in
charge of iron smelting, iron mining, and concentration plant. He
served in that capacity until 1921. In 1921, Mr. Wang was appoint-
ed managing director and chief engineer of the Fengtien Mining
Administration. Mr. Wang succeeded in putting the administration
ting plant. He served in that capacity imtii 1921. In 1921, Mr. Wang
was appointed Managing Director and Chief Engineer of the Fengtien
Mining Administration. Mr. Waag succeeded in putting the administration"
on a sound business basis. He is now assisted by several returned students
of business and engineering ability. At present, the following mines are
also under his direction: Pataohao Mine, Lientun Coal Mine, Talin Talc
Mine, Pingerhfong Magnesite Mine, Hsincheng Manganese Mine and a few
other mines in process. He is also the president of the Mukden Y. M. C. A.
and member of the board of management of the Manchurian Christian
Medical College. He also iserves the public in various other capacities.
Tt
(^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
775
Marshal Wang Ch'eng-pin
3E ;^ « ^^ # f &
Marshal Wang Ch'eng-pin was born at Hsing-cheng Hsien, Fengtien
Province, in 1874. He graduated from both the Peiyang Military School
and the Imperial Military University. In the Ching Dynasty, Marshal
Wang served in the Third Imperial Division as Junior Staff Officer. Later
he was promoted to be Chief Staff Officer of the Fifth Mixed Brigade of
the Imperial Army. During the First Revolution in the winter of 1911-12,
Marshal Wang's troops were in charge of the defence of Shihchiachuang
and other important places along the Chengtingfu-Taiyuanfu Railway
rendering valuable service in maintaining the order and peace in that
part of the country. In 1912, the First Year of the Republic, Marshal
776 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Wang was promoted to be Commander of the 11th Regiment, th? 6th i
Brigade, the Third Division of the National Army. In February 1913 '
Marshal Wang was made a Colonel. In April 1913 he was awarded the
Third Class Wenhu Decoration and also given the brevet rank of major
General. In 1914 Marshal Wang's troops were engaged in the suppression
of bandits in Hunan and was lat3r made a Brigadicr-Genereal. In 1915-16
Marshal Wang was in the Upper Yangtzu Region commanding government
troops for the relief of Szechuan which was about to fall into the hands
of the southern leaders. The lata General Tsai Ao, the Hero of the Yunnan
Revolt against Yuan Shih-kai's monarchical movement, considered Marshal
Wang as one of China's best military commanders. In April 1916 Marshal
Wang was promoted to be Commander of the Extra Brigade of the Third
Division, In May he w^as awarded the Fifth Order of Merit; the .Fourth
Class Chiaho Decoration; and ths brevet rank of Lieut enant-General. In
March 1917 Marshal Wang bacame the Commander of the First Mixed
Brigade of Chihli. His troops participates in the overthrow of the Mon-
archical Restoration attempted by the late General Chang Hsun in July
1917. Subsequently he was awarded the Fourth Order of Merit. During
the flood in the Autumn of 1917, Marshal Wang's troops saved the :city of
Cho Hsien, Chihli, from being inundated by untiringly fighting against the
water, under his personal supervision. A monument erected by the people
inside the city as an expression of their gratitude for Marshal i Wang.-
Meanwhile the country was having' a civil strife between tha North and
the South, the province of Hunan having been taken by the southern
leaders. In January 1918 Marshal Tsao Kun was appointed Commander-
in-Chief of an Expedition Force to fight the south in Hunan and Hupei.
This force included Marshal Wang's troops which were later responsible
for the recapture of the several important cities in Hanan Province.- Ln
August 1918 Marshal Wu Pei-fei, then commanding the Third Division in
the Northern, Hunan, demanded the Peking government to cease waging
war against the south, and also expressed the wish of having all ■ the
Chihli Troops withdrawn from the south. In taking this strong attitude,
Marshal Wu had the full support of Marshal Wang who had much moral
influence over the other senior commanders of the Chihli troops. Some-
later Marshal Wang's Mixed Brigade was transferred back to Caihli and he
wais awarded the Third Order of Merit. In 1919 he was a Lieuftenant-
General and was also given the Second Class Chiaho, the Second Class
Wenhu and the Third Class Paokuang Chiaho Decorations. Duringi the
Chihli-Anfu War in July 1920, Marshal Wang's Mixed Brigade was stationed
at Chengchow, Honan. He took part in this war as Commander-in-Chief
of the Rear Forces of Chihli Defence. At that time there were as many
as five mixed brigades of the Frontier Army under General Hsu Shu-tseng,
the leader of the Anfu Faction, in Honan. Marshal Wang' personally
convinced the commanders of these brigades of the serious consequence)
if they should take any offense against the Chihli farce there and finally
made them to surrender their armus and these troops were subsequently
disbanded without causing the slightest trouble. In October 1920 Marshal
Wang was given the Second Order of Merit. In December when the
Chihli troops were re-organized he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 777
the 23rd Division of the National Army. In November 1921 Marshal
Wang was made a Chiangchun with "I- Wei" as special title. In February
1922 he was given the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho Decoration. In
April 1922 he was appointed Deputy Military Director of Chihli. During
the Chihli-Fengtien War in May 1922, Marshal Wang was Commander-in
Chief of the Chihli Eastern Frank. His 23rd Division, part of which was
stationed at Tsang Hsien on the Tientsin-Pukow Railway, and part at
Lang-fang on the Peking-Tientsin Line, played an important part in the
campaign 'against the Fengtien troops. Previous to this war. Marshal
Wang visited Marshal Chang Tso-ling, the Fengtien War Lord, at Mukden
three times trying to bring Chihli and Fengtien to an understanding and
to avoid an open conflict between them. In June 1922 Marshal Wang was
appointed Civil Governor of Chihli. In September 1922 he was given the
brevet rank of Full General. In October he was given the First Class
Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In November he was made a Full General. In
October 1923 Marshal Wang was appointed concurrently to hold the post
of Military Director of Chihli to replace that of Tucjhun which was then
abolished. In November he was made a Shan Chiangchun, Marshal, with
"Kuang-Wu' .as his special title and was simultaneously appointed Depuuty
High Inspecting Cammission of Chihli-Honan-Shantung. In January 1924
Marshal Wang was relieved of the command of the 23rd Division. I*n
April he was appointed assistant director of the Motor Traffic Highroad
Constitution Administration for the Chihli-Honan-Shantung Area. Marshal
Wang is at present holding the posts of Deputy High Inspecting Commis-
sioner of Chihli-Honan-Shantung and of the Civil Governor of Chihli. In
September 1924 General Wang was appointed Deputy Commander-in-Chief
of the Punitive Expedition against Chang Tso-lang. Following the defeat
of the Chihli Armies General Wang retired to Tientsin where he is now
living.
^
778
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. C. T. Wang
(Wang Cheng-t'ing)
Dr. C. T. Wang was born at Ningpo, Chekiang province, in 1882.
After having acquired the rudiments of education in his native province,
he went to North China. He studied in the Pei-yang University, Tientsin, from
1895 to 1900. He taught at the Tientsin Anglo-Chinese College, Tientsin,
and the Hunan Provincial High School, Changsha, during 1900-1903. Then
he went to Japan to study. During his four years stay in that country he
was also Secretary of the Y. M(. C. A. in Tokyo. In July 1907 he wieno
to America with private support. He studied Liberal Arts at the Univers-
ity of Michigan, 1907-8, at Yale University, 1908-11. He obtained the
degree of R. A. in 1911; elected to Phi Beta Kappa, June 1910. Dr.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 779
Wang returned to China in June 1911 and was at once appointed Secretary
of the Chinese Y. M. C. A. at Shanghai. Upon the outbreak of the FirstI
Revolution in October 1911, he actively identified himself with the revolu-
tionary leaders. He worked for a time under General Li Yuan-hung, who
was then the revolutionary commander. Dr. Wang attended, in the
capacity of representing Hupei Province, the Conference of Representatives
of Provincial Military governments which adopted the Provisional Govern-
ment Organization' Law at Hankow on December 3, 1911. He was one
of the signatories of that paper. In the- beginning of 1912, Dr. Wang
assisted in the organization of the Provisional government. In February
1913, Yuan Shih-kai succeeded Dr. Sun Yat-sen as the Provisional Pres-
ident and assumed the presidency at Peking. The first Republican Cabinet
was then formed with Tang Shao-i as Prime Minister. In April Dr. Wang
was appointed Vice-Minister of Industry and Commerce. In May he was
ordered to act as Minister of Industry and Commerce. In July he resigned
from the Ministry. Dr. Wang was a member of the First Parliament which
was convoked at Peking on April 8, 1912. He was elected vice-president
of the Senate on . April 26. The Parliament was then practically in the
control of the Kuomingtang of which Dr. Wang was a prominent member. In
November 1913 Yuan Shih-kai proscribed the Kuomingtang to be a seditious
organization, dissolved it and unseated all the members of the Parliament
belonging to that party. In January 1914 the Parliament was dissolved.
Dr. Wang then retired into private life and was afterwards invited by
the Shanghai Y. M. C. A. to rejoin its service. He was appointed Sec-
retary of the National Committee of the Y. M. C. A. After the death of
Yuan Shih-kai in June 1916, the First Parliament was reconvoked and Dr.
Wang resumed his office as Vice-President of the Senate. He remained in
this position until the Parliament was again dissolved in June 1917. Dr.
Wang, then went to Canton with other parliamentarians. In August 1917
the Extraordinary Parliament was inaugurated at Canton supporting the
Opposition government. Dr. Wang was also connected with this movement.
In the autumn of 1918 the Southern government despatched him to Wash-
ington to represent its case before President Wilson and secure American
recognition of its belligerency. During his mission, he was appointed by
the Peking government in January 1919 as one of China's Chief Delegates
to the Paris Conference. The appointment was made with the object of
presenting China as a united country before the World and accepted for
national interest. In February 1920 Dr. Wang returned to China. Then he
took an interest in business. He organized an import and export company
at Shanghai with himself as Vice-President. He also founded the Hua Feng
Cotton Mill Company at Woosung. of which he was managing director.
In September 1920 the Peking government appointed him President of the
Commission for the Study of Peace Treaties. In March 1922 he became
Director General of the Rehabilitation of Shantung interests. In April
1922 he was awarded the First Class Tashou Chiaho. In June 1922 he was
appointed China's Chief Commissioner to the Sino-Japanese joint Commis-
sion to settle the Shantung Question. In July 1922 he was awarded the
First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In October 1922 Dr. Wang was ap-
pointed Acting Minister for Foreign Affairs and in December he was ordered
780 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
to hold concurrently the post of Chief of the Bureau for the preparation
of the Special Tariff Revision Commission. On December 11, he was ap-
pointed to act as Prime Minister. In January 1923, when the Cabinet
underwent a change, he was appointed Acting Minister of Justice. But this
post he held only for a week. In the same month he was appointed a
member of the Educational Sinking Funds Commission. In February 1923
he was awarded the First Class Wenfu. In March 1923 he was ordered to
make preparation for the Sincf-Russian Negotiation. In November 1923
Dr. Wang was commissioned to visit Japan making investigations of the
conditions of Chinese students and merchants after the earthquake. After
his return from Japan, he commenced the Sino-Russian Negotiation with
Mr. Kharahan, the Soviet Envoy at Peking. In March 1924 Dr. Wang
signed with Mr. Karahan, the preliminary of the Sino-Russian Treaty. But
question was then raised as to his authority of signing the prel'ilminary,
agreement without referring to the Cabinet. He was attacked by his
opponents i as a (result of which the Sino-Russian Negotiation was subse-
quently taken over by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Shortly after this,
he accepted the post of managing director of the Liu Ho Kou Coal Mining
Company. Following the defeat of the Chihli party by the Anfu-Fengtien
combination caused by the cotip d'etat by the Christian General Feng Yu-
hsiang, Dr. C. T. Wang served for a time as acting Premier and Minister
of Foreign Affairs in the temporary government established by General
Feng, prior to the organization of the Provisional government headed by
Marshal Tuan Chi-jui. In February 1925, Dr. Wang was again appointed
by the Peking government to conduct the Sino-Russian negotiations.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
781
Mr. C. Z. Waung
(Wang Ch'i-ch'ang)
Mr. C. Z. Waung was born at Ningpo, Chekiang, in 1888. He was educated
at St. John's University, Shanghai (1900-1907). He left China for Great
Britain in October 1907 and entered the University of London in March
1908. He studied economics at the London School of Economics and Poli-
tical Science and received the degree of Bachelor of Science (Economics)
from the University of London at the end of 1911 with honors. After his
graduation, he returned ta China in February 1912, and joined the Ministry
of Finance of the Provisional government of the Republic of China at
Nanking. After the unification of the North and the South, he went to
Peking and continued to serve at the Ministry of Finance. When the
Bureau of Auditing of Finance was formed in the summer of 1912, he was
appointed an assistant auditor. After the abolition of the bureau, he was
appointed senior clerk of the Ministry of Finance. In the winter of 1913,
he was delegated by the Ministry to be a member of the Financial Com-
782 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
mission of the Cabinet. In the summer of 1915, he was appointed by the
Ministry as a member of the Taxation Reform Commission. From 1913 to
1919, he was also connected with the Peking Government University as
professor of economic history. When the Bureau of Currency Reform was
formed at the end of 1917, he was transferred to that bureau. In November'
1919, he was appointad by the Bureau of Currency Reform to proceed to
Europe to investigate the currency condition in Europa and America since
the Great War. At the same time he was appointed by the Chinese Assoc-
iated Trading Company to act as its representative in Europe. The trading
company is the first Chinese importing and exporting firm carrying on direct
trade with Europe and America. After he had finished his mission in Europe,
. he returned to Peking in November 1920 and again joined the Ministry of
Finance. In the summer of 1921, he organized, with a number of his
friends, the Chinese Women's Commercial and Savings Bank in Peking. At
the first general meeting of the shareholders, in September 1921, he was
elected the general manager. This is the first bank in China which lias a
staff of women oflicers, and the organizers expect to open up a new sphere
of activity for educated Chinese women. Socially, Mr. Waung has been
for a long time an ac:ive member of the Anglo-Chinese Society at Peking.
From 19iy to 1919, he served as the treasurer of this society. He is also
nn active member of the Peking Y. M. G. A., and for several years he has
nerved on a committee of its educational department.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
783
Mr. Ouang Ki-tseng
(Wang Chi-tseng)
Ml". Quang Ki-t?eng was born at Ming-hou Hsien, Fukien province, in
1880, from a family which has given forth many noted officials during the
Ching Regime. His great grandfather, Ouang Ching-yun, was a member of
the Hanlin Academy and Governor of the Provinces of Shansi and Shensi,
Viceroy of Szechuen and of the Liangkuang Provinces, and President of
the Board of Works. His name is recorded in Chinese history by the Na-
tional Historiographers' Office. He v/rote a book called "Shih Chu Yu Chi"
in which the historical events of the Ching Dynasty from its establishment
up to the reign of Tao Kuang were given in detail. It is a comprehensive
work, and is held in high esteem. His uncle, Ouang Jen-km, the famous
Optimus at the Palace Examinations of 1877 was for some time Prefect of
Chekiang and of Soochow. His father, Ouang Jen-tung, was a secretary of
the Imperial Council and was afterwards transferred to Kiangsu as sub-
prefect of Nantungchow. Later he was promoted as Granary Taotai of the
784 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Kiangning circuit. After his graduation from the Nanyang College at
Shanghai, Mr. Ouang Ki-tssng accompanied Mr. Sun Pao-chi, then Chinese
Minister to France, to Paris in the winter of 1902 to pursue higher studies
and to serve as the same timb 'as a legation student, and Assistant Com-
mercial Attache. He stayed in France for seven years, and underwent a
course of study in the Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales and the Ecole
Libre des Sciences Politiques which institution of learning is famous for
coaching up students for diplomatic and public service^. Daring his stay
in school he was a member of the Society of Public Speaking of the Ecole
Libre 'des Sciences Politiques and received I'Aureat. Upon the completion
of his studies he was awarded "Mention Tres Bien." In 1906 he accompanied
the Chinese High Commissioners to Europe for the study of constitutions in
Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Au^ria, etc. In 1908 he was appointed
representative of the Chinese government to the International Conference
of Oriental Literature held at Copenhagen. In 1909 he returned to China
and was appointed Secretary to Chang Shih-tung, the celebrated Imperial
Chancellor and statesman. Afterwards Liu Hsi-hsun, at that time Chinese
Minister to France, recommended him to the -position of Superintendent of
Chinese Students in France. On his second visit to France he remained for
two years. In 1910 he was appointed representative of the Chinese
government to the International High Educational Conference at Brussels.
In 1911 he was appointed a member of the jury of the Internati'Onal Ex"-
position at Turin in Italy. Upon the establishment of the Republic in 1912,
Mr. Ouang returned to China and joined the Ministry for Foreign Affairs.
For nine years in this Ministry he served at different times, as Junior
Secretary, Senior Secretary, Chief Secretary, Sectional Chief, Department
Chief, and Councillor. In March 1919 he was awarded the Second Class
Tashou Chiaho and in January 1920 the Second Class Wenf u. In September
1920 he was appointed Chinese Minister to Mexico and Cuba. In October
1922 he was given the Third Class Paokuang Chiaho. At the end of 1923
he returned to China on a leave of absence. In January 1924, Mr. Sun
Pao-chi became Prime Minister and appointed him Chief Secretary of the
Cabinet. • In May he was relieved of the Mexico and Cuba posts. In
September 1924 he left the Cabinet. Mr. Ouang has received the follow-
ing foreign decorations: The Fifth Class Crown Decoration of Italy; The
Second Class Decoration from Russia: The Fourth Class Decoration of the
Legion of Honor from France: The Third Class Rising Sun Decoration from
Japan: The Second Clsas Crown Decoration from Italy.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
785
Mr. Wang Chia-hsiang
Mr. Wang Chia-hsiang was born at Shao-hsing, Chekiang province, in
1873. Ho was Senior Licentiate (Kung Sheng) in the Ching Dynasty. In
1901 Mr. Wang was appointed an Expectant Sub- Prefect. In 1902 he was
promoted tio Expectant Prefect. In 1904 Mr. Wang went to .Japan to study
police administration in the police department of Tokyo. He returned to
China in 1906 upon graduation. Subsequently Mr. Wang was appointed
Councillor of the Police Department of Chekiang and also Proctor of the
Chekiang High Police School. He also taught in that school as well as in
the law School at HangcJiow. 'Mr. Wang made another trip to Japan,
spending one year during 1907-1908, in the Tokyo Police College from
which he was graduated. Upon returning to China, Mr. Wang became
786 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Director of the Police Administration of Chekiang province. In 1909 he
was elected a member of the Chekiang Provincial Advisory Council. In
1911 Mt*. Wang was director of the Police Administration of Kirin province.
TIpo/i the outbreak of the First Revolution in October 1911, he returned to
Chekiang becoming magistrate of Hangchow, the capital of Chdciang. Mr.
Wang was elected a Member of the Provisional National Assembly which
was convoked in January 1912. This Assembly elected Yuan Shih-kai as
Provisional President to succeed Sun Yat-sen and drafted the Provisional
Constitution. Mr. Wang was Senator of the First Parliament which was
convoked in April 1913 at Peking replacing the Provisional National
Assem-bly. He was then a leader of the Progressive Party. In his con-
nection with the Frst Parliament, Mr. Wang was a member of the Consti-
tution Drafting Committee; President of the Senate; Chairman, of the
Constitution Conference; and Chairman of the Presidential Election College
which elected Yuan Shih-kai the First President of China in October 1913.
In January 1914 Yuan Shih-kai dissolved the First Parliament and in May
1914 he created a new advisory body called Tsan Cheng Yuan to act in the
place of the Parliament filled with the President's nominees, of which
Mr. Wang was one. The First Parliament was reconvoked in August 1916
when Yuan Shih-kai had died. Mr. Wang became President of the Senate
again. After the second dissolution of the First Parliament, which occur-
red in June 1917, Mr. Wang was appointed Director General of the Fu
Chung Corporation, a Sino-British mining concern. The second recon-
vocation of the First Parliament in Peking occurred in June 1922 after the
Chihli-Fengtien War. Mr. Wang became a Senator, holding the position of
President of the Senate until the end of 1923. He was awarded the Fifth
Order of Merit in January 1920, the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho in
October 1922; and the First Class Wenhu Decoration in February 1923.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
787
Mr. John Wong
(Wang Chien)
Mr. John Wong was born at Taiku hsien, Shensi, in 1885. His father
was then a magistrate of that district. At the age of 10, he went with
his parents to their permanant home in Peking. For the next two years
he studied at home and was then tutored in English by a g'raduate of
Peking University. In 1898 Mr. Wang entered St. John's College, Shanghai.
788 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Shortly after, the Boxer Uprising broke out, and being severed from his
family in Peking for over six months, he was much embarrassed financially.
Howevei", his class-mates at St. John's came to his assistance, and he even-
tually was graduated from St. John's with honor. After two years in the
collegiate department of St. John's, he received a government scholarship
to the Tientsin Polytechnic College, where he studied chemistry, completing
five years' work in two. In 1909, Mr. Wong took the competitive examina-
tion for a Boxer Indemnity scholarship, and was one of the first group of
47 to go to the United States. In the winter of 1910, he studied at Gushing
Academy, Ashburham, Massachusetts, and then took four years in chemistry
at the State University of Wisconsin, from which he received the degree
of B. A. in 1914. The following year he specialized in leather chemistry
at Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, working during the summer in several American
tanneries The following year he obtained an M. A. from Columbia
University. In the fall of 1916, Mr. Wong returned to Tientsin, where he
started a .small tannery of his own, with a capital of $500. His venture
proved successful, and today his tannery has a paid-up capital of i5lOO,000
and there are plans for increasing it to $250,000. Mr. Wong is a Christian,
having been baptized in the Congregational Church at Ashburnham. On
his return to China, he was elected to the board of the Y. M. G. A., and
has served in that capacity ever since.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
789
Mr. Wang Ch'ih-ch'ang
aE ^ ^ ^ » t
Mr. Wang Ch'ih-ch'ang waa born at Tientsin, Chihli province, in 1877.
He studied law at the Peiyang University, Tientsin. Before graduation
from that University, he went to Japan, where he entered Waseda Univers-
ity taking a Commercial Course and was graduated with the degree of
B. C. Ho was awarded the degree of Chu-jen, or Provincial Graduate in
commerce by the Ching government. Mr. Wang began his official career as
a member of the Board of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce. For a
time before the establishment of the Republic, he was professor in the
College of Commerce at Tientsin. In 1912 Mr. Wang became a Junior
Secretary of the Ministry of Industry and Commerce in charge of the
Foreign Trade Section. In December 1913 this Ministry and the Ministry
of Agriculture of Forestry were amalgamated into the Ministry of Agricul-
790 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
ture and Commerce. Mr. Wang was given the post of Senior Secretary
in the new Ministry. Later Mr. Wang was promoted to be a Councillor of
the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, becoming concurrently the Curator
of the Commercial Museum of the Ministry. In December 1918 Mr. Wang
was appointed by the Ministry to study the post-war industrial conditions
in Europe and America. He was at the same time awarded the Second Class
Paokuang Chiaho Decoration. When the Peace Conference was held in Paris
in the first part of 1919, Mr. Wang was with the Chinese Delegation 'as
technical expert. In January 1920 Mr. Wang received the Second Class
Wen-hu Decoration. In January 1921 he was given the Second Class
Tashou Paokuang Chiaho and at the same time appointed a Director of the
Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, in charge of the Department of
Industry and Commerce. In August 1921 Mr. Wang was appointed to be
concurrently the government superintendent of the Bank of Agriculture and
Commerce which position he is still holding. In September 1921 he was
appointed Technical Expert of the Chinese Delegation to the Washington
Conference. Subsequently to his return from the Washington Conference,
Mr. Wang was appointed Vice-President of the Commission for the Discus-
sion of Customs Tariff Revision. In November 1922 he was awarded the
Second Class Tashou Chiaho Decoration. In January 1923, Mr. Wang
received another concurrent position as a Member of the Bureau for the
Preparation of the calling of the Special Conference for the Revision of
the Customs Tariff. In February 1923 he became Vice-President of the
Commission for the Revision of the Commercial and Industrial Laws.
Besides holding the posts of Director of the Ministry and Superintendent
of the Bank of Agriculture and Commerce, Mr. Wang has been for many
years a Member of the Advisory Council of the Government Immigration
Bureau. Mr. Wang has also been registered with the Cabinet as an official
qualified to be Envloy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to a
foreign country. Mr. Wang is wearer of the First Class Gold Medal of the
Ministry of Finance and also of the First Class Medal of the Ministry of
Agriculture and Commerce.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
791
Dr. C. P. Wang
aE f& ^ ^ lb tf
(Wang Chih.p'ing)
Dr. C. P. Wang was hoi'n in Peking, and was graduated from the Peking
Methodist University in 1900. After his graduation Dr. Wang was ap-
pointed by the Methodist Mission to be pastor at Ohien Wei Chen outside
Shanhaikuan. In 1901 he wa« transferred to Fu-Ning Hsien, Chihli
province. From 1902 to 1907 Dr. Wang was engaged in educational work
792 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
at Shanhaikuan under the auspdces of the Methodist Mission and was for a
larger part of this period principal of the Middle School there. In the
fall of 1907 he was called to Peking and given a pi>ofessorship in the
Methodist University. He served as dean of the Chinese Department while
he v;as also teaching English. In 1914 Dr. Wang went to America for
graduate work and received the degree of M. A. in 1915 and that of Ph.D.
in 1917. Upon his return to China in 1917 Dr. Wang became Professor of
Political Historj^ in the Methodist University. In the winter of 1919 he was
invited by the Tientsin Y. M. C. A. to be its assistiant general secretary
and since 1922 he has been general secretary of the Tientsin Y. M. C. A.,
and for several years has served on the committee of the Y. M. C. A. of
China.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
793
General Wang Ching-ch'en
794 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Wang Ching-cheng, was born in Yihsien, Anhui province, in
1871. He graduated from the Peiyang Military College in 1904, in which
year he left for Japan to enter the Military Cadets' Academy of Japan,
completing his course on Commissary in 1906. Following his return to
China, he was appointed instructor of the Peiyang Army and chief of the
educational section of the Peiyang Training Bureau and other offices. Upon
the establishment of the Republic, General Wang became garrison com-
mander of the Fourth Division of the Peiyang Army Corps and was later
transferred to be superintendent of the Commissariat of the National Training
Corps, concurrently acting as councillor of the Bureau of the General Staff
and War and Senior Councillor of the Precautionary Forces of Shantung.
Since 1920 he was chief of staff to the Defence Commissioner of Sunkiang
and Shanghai, also commanding the Woosung Forts and co-director of the
Kiangnan Arsenal at Shanghai. He was considered as one of the most
capable soldiers of the time during the Yuan Shih-kai regime and since
his appointment at Shanghai, he won for himself an emviiable reputation
not only as a soldier but also as General Ho's advisor on local matters
arising out of his office.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
795
Mr. Wang King-ky
(Wang Chingch'i)
Mr. Wang King-ky was born at Ming-hou Hsien, Fukien province, in
1882. He entered Tze Chiang School at Wuchang in 1896 for the study of
French. In 1900 he enrolled with the Little Academy in France. After-
wards he joined the School of Political Science in Paris, specializing in
diplomacy, where he graduated with high honors. Subsequently he went
to England and attended Oxford and Edinburgh Universities. In 1908 he
was appointed an attache to the Chinese Legation in Paris. In February
of 1918 Mr. Wang was transferred to Peking and became an attache to the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In March 1913 he was appointed by the
Cabinet concurrently as reporter of the Commission on the Study of Con-
stitutions. In September he was appointed by the Ministry of Foreign
796 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Affairs to be Chinese representative on the Claims Commission. In
October he was promoted to the rank of senior clerk in the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs. In April 1914 he became a member of the commission on
Chinese and foreign legation and concurrently acted as associate secret-
ary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In August he became first
secretary to the Outer Mongolian Conference. In June ' 1915 Mr. Wang
returned to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs upon the completion of the
functions as first secretary to the conference, -and in Septeimber. was
appointed a member of the Commission on 'the Preparations for the
European Peace Conference. In December he was jointly appointed by
theMinisterof Justice and the Minister of Foreign Affairs to be a member
of the Commission on the study of Judicial Questions. In January 1916
he became chief of the private law section, Department of Political Affairs,
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In June 1916 he receiv'ed an additional post
as examination of the Diplomatic Service Commission. In September 1916
he was engaged by the Peking Government University as professor of the
History of Chinese Commercial Relations and Treaties and of the Interna-
■ tional liaw. In October 1916 he became concurrently chief of the treaties
section of the Foreign Office. In August 1917 Mr. Wang was appointed
an Associate Councillor and in June 1918 an Acting Councillor, of the
Foreign Office. At the end of 1918 Mr. Wang was sent to Paris as coun-
cillor of the Chinese Delegation. In January 1920 Mr. Wang returned to
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs becoming an associate councillor, and
was also given the Third Class Wenfu. In September 1920 he became
an Acting Councillor of the Foreign Office. In October 1920 he was made
a member of the Peace Treaty Discussion Commission. In February 1921
he was awarded the Second Class Chiaho and also appointed substantial
Councillor of the Foreign Office. In August 1921 he was appointed Chinese
Minister to Belgium and was at the same time given the Second Class
Tashou Chiaho Decoration. Mr. Wang left China in September 1921 and
is still in Belgium, In October 1922 he was awarded the Third Clasa
Paokuang Chiaho.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
797
Dr. C. C. Wang
£ Ji: # -^ ^fe !S
(Wang Ching-ch'un)
Dr. C. C. Wang was born at Lanchow, Chihli province ,in 1882. He
studied at Peking Methodist University and was clerk and interpreter at
ihe America Legation, Peking from 1900 to 1904. In April 1904 he arrived
in America with private support. He studied science at Ohio Wes-
leyan University during 1905-06. He entered Yale University in 1906
studying civil engineering and graduating from it with the degree of Ph.B.
in 1908. From 1908 to 1911 he was in the University of Illinois, where
he took the degree of M. A. on Railway Administration in 1909 and that
of Ph.D. on Economics and Political Science in 1911, the subject of his
798 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
doctor's dissertation being "Legislative Regulation on Railway Finance
in England." Dr. Wang was awarded Wu Ting-fang's Prize for .scholar-
ship and general conduct in August 1909. He was president of the Chinese
Students' Alliance during 1907-08; of the Cosmopolitan Club, 1908-9; of
the Association of Cosmopolitan Clubs, 1909-10; Honorary Fellowship in
Railway Administration, University of Illinois; 1909-11; Teacher in
Oriental History and Commerce, University of Illinois, 1909-10; editor of
the Chinese Students' Monthly, 1907; edito'r-in-chief of the same Monthly,
1908-9. He carried on investigation for some time with the Illinois Central
Railway, Interstate Commerce Commission U. S. A., and North Western
Railway and Board of Trade in London. Dr. Wang returned to China in
November 1911. At once he was appointed a Member of the Board of
Communications, Peking. He was Councillor, Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
Provisional Government, Nanking, 1912; Co-Director of Peking Mukden
Railway, 1912-13; Co-Director, Peking-Hankow Railway, 1913-14: Official
Delegate to the Fift*h International Congress of Commerce in Boston
and to the Panama Pacific Exposition to open the grounds. From America
he went to Europe to study railway administration. Upon his return to
America to attend the Exposition, he wrote a number of scholarly articles
for well-known American magazines. As soon as he got back to China he
was appointed Vice-Chairman of the Commission on the Unification of
Railway Accounts and Statistics. The fundamental reform in this con-
nection was largely due to Dr. Wang's initiation and persistence. Later,
Dr. Wang was appointed Director of the Department of Railway Finance
and Accounts and Acting Director-General of Posts under the Ministry of
Communications, concurrently. On account of Minister Hsu Shih-yin's
reactionary policy in 1916, the Commission on the Unification of Railway
Accounts and Statistics, was dissolved and Dr. Wang was made a Coun-
cillor of the Ministry, 1916-17. He was special government delegate to
the Fifth Sino-Japanese Joint Traffic Conference held in Japan in 1917.
He was appointed managing director of the Peking Mukden Railway in
the summer of 1917. In this capacity, he saved Peking a bloody battle
between Republican troops and General Feng Ling-kuo's Hunghutsze sold-
iers by his timely withdrawal of locomotives and cars from Koupangtze
in order to prevent this hairy horde from coming to the Capital, where
Chang Hsun was attempting to put the Boy Emperor on the throne again.
When the Republic was restored Dr. Wang was transferred to be managing
director of the Peking-Hankow Railway. In November 1918 he was com-
missioned to a company with the High Industrial Commissioner Yeh Kung-cho
to Europe on a mission to study industrial conditions in European countries.
While in Europe he was technical delegata of China's Delegation to the
Paris Peace Conference. In the winter of 1919, after his return from
Europe, he resigned from the Peking-Hankow post. In December 1919
he became a Councillor of the Ministry 'of Communications again. In
January 1920 he was ordered to be concurrently China's representative on
the Inter-allied Technical Board for the administration of the Siberian
and Chinese Eastern Railways at Harbin, and was at the same time
given the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho. In May 1920 he was given the
Second Class Tahsou Paokuang Chiaho and also commissioned to act as
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 799
Associate Director General of the Chinese Eastern Railway. He was made
a member of the Famine Relief Communications under the Ministry in
September 1920 and a special member of the Railway Finance Communica-
tions in November 1920. He was associate director general from November
1920 to May 1921 ; and Chief of the Railway Department in the Ministry of
Communications from May 1921 to January 1922. While a DeparCmental
Chief he was Vice-Chairman of the Famine Relief Commission; Railway
Finance Commission; Railway Location Commission; Chief Executive
Secretary of the Commission on Chinese Eastern Railway Affairs; As-
sistant Chief of the International Through Traffic Bureau. In December
1921 he was transferred to be Councillor of the Ministry of Communications.
In January 1922, he became again the associate director general of the
Chinese Eastern Railway. In March 1922 he was promoted to be Acting
Director General of the same Railway which position was later substantiated
to him. In December 1922 he was given the First Class Tashou Chiaho.
He resigned from the Director Generalship early in 1924 on account of
difference of opinion with Marshal Chang Tso-lin.
.'Jt
800
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Wang Chung-hui
Dr. Wang Chung-hui was born at Canton, Kuangtung province, in 1882.
He studied at the Peiyang University, Tientsin, between 1895 and 1900.
During the Boxer rising, he went to Japan to study political affairs. Upon
his completion of the study, he went to America to pursue a higher educa«
tion. In 1904 he received his D. C. L. degree from Yale University.
While in America, Dr. Wang translated the German Civil Code into Eng-
lish and acted as co-editor of the "Journal of the Amierican Bar Associa-
tion." In 1905 he studied jurisprudence and international law in England,
France and Germany. In the course of his post-graduate work, he was
called to the English Bar at the Inner Temple. In 1907 he was appointed
by the Chinese government as assistant to Lu Cheng-hsiang, China's repre-
sentative to the Second Hague Conference. In the first revolution in 1911,
Kuangtung elected Dr. Wang as its representative to attend the conference
at Nanking for the discussion of the form of government for China. Later
he was appointed Minister for Foreign .\ffairs of the Nanking Provisional
government. In March 1912 Dr. Wang was appointed first Minister of
Justice of the newly formed republican government at Peking. In July
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 801
1912 he resigned from the office of Minister cf Justice upon the resignation
of Tang Shao-yi from the premiership. Oh his resignation he was appoint-
ed Chief Advisor to the Ministry for Foreign Affairs. Dr. Wang instead;
of accepting the new appointment went to Shanghai where he was soon
afterwards engaged by the Chunghua Book Publishing Company as its chief
editor. Between 1914 and 1916 Dr. Wang acted concurrently as vice-
president of the Fu Tan College. His interests in national affairs while
being occupied with educational works were as active as ever. In 1915,
when the Yuan. Shih-kai monarchical movement was started, for instance,
he played no small part in frustrating it. In April 1916 he was appointed
to take charge of foreign affairs in Kuangtung. In 1917 he was appointed
President of the Law Codification Commission, Peking. He was given
the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho in October 1919 and the S3Cond
Class Wenfu in January 1920. In August 1920 he became Chief Judge of
the Supreme Court. He was commissioned to be President of the Judicial
Officials Punishment Commission in October 1920 and President of the
Jurisdiction Discussion Commission in November 1920. In February 1921
Dr. Wang was given the First Class Tashou Chiaho. In March he
was appointed in the capacity of Chief of Supreme Court to be
appointed in the capacity of Chief of Supreme Court to be Chinese
Repres^entative to participate in the revision of the covenant of
the League of Nations. In June 1921 he was appointed Chinese Chief
Delegate to the League of Nations. In October 1921 he became one of
China's Chief Delegates to the Wasliington Conference. In D-ccember 1921
he was awarded the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho and subsequently
was appointed Minister of Ju'stice, which office he was not able to assume
until June 1922 when he returned from America. In March 1922 he was
awarded the First Class Wenfu. In August 1922, after the Chihli-Feng-
tien War, Tang Shao-i was ordered to form a Cabinet. Dr. Wang who was
appointed Minister of Education was asked to act Premier for Mr. Tang
who could not come. From September to November, 1922, he was Acting
Premier. From September 1922 to Januiary 1923 he was President of the
Political Reorganization Discussion Commission. In April 1923 he left
China to assume the post of a judge of the International Court at Hague,
to which position he had been elected. On his way to Holland, he visited'
Dr. Sun Yat-sen at Canton with a peace message from Peking. In January
1924 he was appointed Minister of Justice and Hsieh Tupeh to act for him
before his return from Hague. He was officially relieved of this post in
Septe!mber 1924. He is still in Hague.
802
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. C. Y. Wang
2 11 fe '# fe E
. (Wang Ch'ung-yu)
Mr. C. Y. Wang was born in Hongkong in 1879, his home being, at
Tung Kun Hsien, Kuangtung province. He studied at Queen's College
from 189S to 1895 and entered Peiyang University, Tientsin, in 1895,
graduating from the Mining Department in 1899. Mr. Wang went to
America in 1901 and studied mining at the University of California during
1901-1902. In the fall of 1902 he entered Columbia University to study
mining and geology and was graduated with the degree of M. A. in 1908.
Mr. Wang becamb a member of the Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. In
1904 he was elected to Sigma Xi and the American Institute of Mini»ng;
Engineers. Mr. Wang returned to China in 1908. The following gives
the various positions he has held since his return from America: 1908-
1909, Metallurgist, Wah Chang Mining & Smelting Co., Changsha; 1909-
1918, managing director, Pao Tai Mining & Smelting Co; 1910-1911,
Mining Engineer, government of the province of Kuangse; 1911-1912^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 803
Commissioner of Commerce and Industries, Canton; 1914-1916 superin-
tendent of Taj^eh & Iron Mines; 1916-1918, engineer-in-chief, Panolf
& Antimony Refinery, Hankow; 1919-1921, consulting mining engineer,
1921-1922, Councillor of the Chinese Delegation to the Washington Con-
ference; 1921-1922, Head of the Mine Committee for the Rendition of the
Shantung Mines, 1923, manager of the Yangtzu Blast Furnace, Liu-Ho-Kou
Mining Company; and since 1923 head of the Technical Department, Liu
Ho Kou Mining Company, Peking. Mr. Wang is the author of the follow-
ing publications; Treaties on Antimony published by Messrs. Charles
Griffin Co., London, 1908; The Origin and Nature of Love published by
The Open Road Publishing Co., London, 1908; The Bibliography of the
Minei-al Wealth and Geology of China, published by Charles Griffin Co.,
London, 1912; and The Mineral Resources of China, 1921. He was awarded
the Third Class Chiaho in July 1922 and Second Class Chiaho in January
1923. His present address is Liu Ho Kou Mining Co., Mu Ch'ang Hutung,
Peking, or 21, Rue de Paris, Hankow^.
oe
804
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Wong Soong-dong
(Wang En-p'u)
Mr. Won^c Soong-dong was born at Ningpo, Chekiang province, in
1854. He came to Shanghai at an early age and received his education in
that port. In 1871 he joined the staff at the American Consulate, Shang-
hai, as shroiT and has served as compradore in the disbursing office of the
Consulate under sixteen Consuls-General, being the oldest and only Chinese
consular officer in the U. S. service in China. Mr. Wong has seen many
changes in Shanghai and in the U. S. consular work since the time he-
joined the staff. At that time there were few foreign houses and the U. S.
Consulate was located in the old Japanese Consular buildings, novw a
godown at 36 Whangpoo Road. Later the consulate removed to Kiukiang
Road and then to its present location at 12 Whangpoo Road. Mr. Wong
said there have been great changes from the time when they rented their
buildings, which were only valued at Tls. 8,000 and now when the land
is worth Tls. 60,000 and the buildings are government owned. Mr. Wong
is the father of six sons, has eight grandsons, and two great-grandsons.
He now resides with Mrs. Wong at 14 Morrison Road. One of Mr. Wong's
sons, Homer Wong, who received his education at St. John's University,
is Deputy Director General of Posts at Peking and another Yates Wong,
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 805
former interpreter at the U. S. Consulate-General, is now with the Canton-
Hankow Railway. It was during the year of 1879 when General Grant was
on a ftour of the world that Mr. Wong met General Grant in Shanghai .and
acted as his escort to the various nearby Chinese towns. When General
Grant departed from Shanghai he gave to the young Chinese gentleman,
who had escorted him a solid gold American eagle emblem, which Mr.
Wong has worn as a watch charm these many years. Mr Wong is also the
recipient of an engraved silver cup which was donated by the consular
authorities to him for his remarkable record of fifty years of service for
the government of the United States. The cup was presented by M. F.
Perkins, acting Consul-General in 1921. Since the time of Mr. Wong's
connection with the U. S. Consulate the following Consuls-General .have
served at the Shanghai post; G. F. Seward, 1871-1876; W. Willis, 1876-
1877; L. H. Bailey, 1877-1880; T. Mylers, 1880-1883; J, Stohel; 1883-
1886; J. D. Kennedy, 1886-1889; J. A. Leonard, 1889-1893; 0. N. Den-
ning, 1893-1898; W. Smithers, 1895-1897; T. R. Jernigan, 1896-189; J.
Goodnow. 1899-1904; C. Denby, 1904-1906; J. L. Rodgers, 1906-1909;
A. P. Wilder, 1909-1914; T. Sammons, 1914 1919; and E. S. Cunningham
1919-to the present.
^
806
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Won); Kok-shan
(Wang Hsun)
Mr. Wong Kok Shan was born in 1872 in Kwangtung province aftd
was educated first at home and then entered Queen's College in Hongkong.
After graduation he was appointed a teacher in the Peiyang University
of Tientsin in 1895. Later he gave up teaching work and became agent
of the Chinese Engineering and Mining Company at Tientsin in 1896. In
1902 he was awarded the brevet I'ank of Taotai by the government. In
1903 he was appointed commissioner of the Canton-Hankow Railway and in
1905 was awarded the same position on the Shanghai-Nanking Railway.
In 1908 he became commercial manager of the Han-yeh-ping Iron and Coal
Company and in 1918 was appointed commercial manager of the Yangtsze
Engineering Works at Hankow. At the pi-esent he is general manager of
the Chung Hwa Steel Products Company, Ltd. of Shanghai.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
807
Marshal Wang Huai-ch'ing
Marshal Wang Huai-ch'ing was born at Ning-chin Hsien, Chihli pro-
vince 
TVNews
OpenLibrary